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Presence of polybrominated flame retardants in sewage sludges and sediments in the Czech Republic
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Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 131S (2007) S242–S249
Liyanage, R., Lay Jr., J.O., 2006. An introduction to MALDI-TOF MS. In: Wilkins, C.L., Lay Jr., J.O. (Eds.), Identification of Microorganisms by Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, pp. 39–60. Mackov´a, M., Dowling, D.N., Macek, T. (Eds.), 2006. Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation. Theoretical Background. Focus on Biotechnology, vol. 9A. Springer, p. 300.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.448 12. Presence of polybrominated flame retardants in sewage sludges and sediments in the Czech Republic Hana Stiborova ∗ , Jana Zl´amal´ıkov´a, Jana Pulkrabov´a, Martina Mackov´a, Jana Hajˇslov´a, Kateˇrina Demnerov´a ICT Prague, Technick´a 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic Brominated flame retardants (BRFs) are often used in plastics, electronics, insulation panels and textile products to prevent or delay combustion. These xenobiotics have been recently detected in environmental samples, diverse biota, human blood serum and breast milk at exponentially increasing concentrations. Wide spread use of these xenobiotics together with their environmental safety (persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity) led us to study the pollution level of BRFs in the Czech Republic to estimate environmental burden of water ecosystems. Sewage sludge samples from 15 municipal wastewater treatment plants and 13 sediment samples were analysed for the content of hexabromcyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominated diphenyls ethers (PBDE) to get a complex information data. In all samples the major PBDE was found to be decabromodiphenyl ether with the concentration up to 1800 ng/g dry weight. The other major congeners were characterized as tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) and pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 99). The levels of HBCD were analyzed to be up to 126 ng/g dry weight. The effect of the environment on the pollution level was also characterized by the environmental toxicity tests (Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test, the Lactuca sativa root elongation test). Since there is a little evidence about the microbial potential to degrade these compounds the biodegradation process was monitored in two different wastewater sludge samples under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Acknowledgement: This work was sponsored by the grant ˇ MSMT NPVII 2B06151. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.449
13. Transformation of PCB degradation products (chlorobenzoic acids) by plant cells Blanka Vrchotova a,∗ , Katerina Francova a , Martina Mackova a , Tomas Macek b a
ICT Prague, Technicka 3, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic b Institute
The use of plants for remediation of contaminated areas is possible alternative to physico-chemical methods. Plants are able to detoxify various organic compounds and at natural conditions they participate on degradation of different xenobiotics and they cooperate with other organisms present in particular ecosystem. Polychlorinated biphenyls are efficiently degraded by several bacterial species to chlorobenzoic acids. These compounds can be further metabolized to different products. The metabolism of chlorobenzoic acids (intermediates of bacterial polychlorinated biphenyls metabolism) in microorganisms has already been studied in detail. However, the knowledge of chlorobenzoic acids metabolism in plants is not complete and sufficient yet. The aim of this work was to find out whether the cells of higher plants are able to metabolise chlorobenzoic acids and tried to find products formed in this process. The transformation of the chlorobenzoic acids was tested using plant cells of three species cultivated in vitro. Embryogenic morphologically differentiated culture of Armoracia rusticana K54 (horseradish), amorphous callus culture of Nicotiana tabacum WSC 38 (tobacco) and hairy root culture of Solanum nigrum SNC 9O (black nightshade). In microorganisms degradation efficiency depends on microbial species, number of chloro atoms and their position. In plants we found the similar phenomenon. The efficiency of chlorobenzoic acid transformation by tested plant species was different. Cells of S. nigrum showed high degree of 2-, 3-, 4chlorobenzoic acids, 2,3-di, 2,4-di, 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acids and 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoic acid conversion (almost 100%) in 14 days. Methylester of 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid and methylester of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid were identified by GC–MS analysis in medium after cultivation of S. nigrum with 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid. In biomass after cultivation of S. nigrum with 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid were hydroxyderivate of 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid identified. Acknowledgement: The work was sponsored by the grants FRVSˇ 1482/2007, Centrum 1M06011. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.450
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 131S (2007) S242–S249
Liyanage, R., Lay Jr., J.O., 2006. An introduction to MALDI-TOF MS. In: Wilkins, C.L., Lay Jr., J.O. (Eds.), Identification of Microorganisms by Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, pp. 39–60. Mackov´a, M., Dowling, D.N., Macek, T. (Eds.), 2006. Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation. Theoretical Background. Focus on Biotechnology, vol. 9A. Springer, p. 300.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.448 12. Presence of polybrominated flame retardants in sewage sludges and sediments in the Czech Republic Hana Stiborova ∗ , Jana Zl´amal´ıkov´a, Jana Pulkrabov´a, Martina Mackov´a, Jana Hajˇslov´a, Kateˇrina Demnerov´a ICT Prague, Technick´a 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic Brominated flame retardants (BRFs) are often used in plastics, electronics, insulation panels and textile products to prevent or delay combustion. These xenobiotics have been recently detected in environmental samples, diverse biota, human blood serum and breast milk at exponentially increasing concentrations. Wide spread use of these xenobiotics together with their environmental safety (persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity) led us to study the pollution level of BRFs in the Czech Republic to estimate environmental burden of water ecosystems. Sewage sludge samples from 15 municipal wastewater treatment plants and 13 sediment samples were analysed for the content of hexabromcyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominated diphenyls ethers (PBDE) to get a complex information data. In all samples the major PBDE was found to be decabromodiphenyl ether with the concentration up to 1800 ng/g dry weight. The other major congeners were characterized as tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) and pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 99). The levels of HBCD were analyzed to be up to 126 ng/g dry weight. The effect of the environment on the pollution level was also characterized by the environmental toxicity tests (Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test, the Lactuca sativa root elongation test). Since there is a little evidence about the microbial potential to degrade these compounds the biodegradation process was monitored in two different wastewater sludge samples under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Acknowledgement: This work was sponsored by the grant ˇ MSMT NPVII 2B06151. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.449
13. Transformation of PCB degradation products (chlorobenzoic acids) by plant cells Blanka Vrchotova a,∗ , Katerina Francova a , Martina Mackova a , Tomas Macek b a
ICT Prague, Technicka 3, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic b Institute
The use of plants for remediation of contaminated areas is possible alternative to physico-chemical methods. Plants are able to detoxify various organic compounds and at natural conditions they participate on degradation of different xenobiotics and they cooperate with other organisms present in particular ecosystem. Polychlorinated biphenyls are efficiently degraded by several bacterial species to chlorobenzoic acids. These compounds can be further metabolized to different products. The metabolism of chlorobenzoic acids (intermediates of bacterial polychlorinated biphenyls metabolism) in microorganisms has already been studied in detail. However, the knowledge of chlorobenzoic acids metabolism in plants is not complete and sufficient yet. The aim of this work was to find out whether the cells of higher plants are able to metabolise chlorobenzoic acids and tried to find products formed in this process. The transformation of the chlorobenzoic acids was tested using plant cells of three species cultivated in vitro. Embryogenic morphologically differentiated culture of Armoracia rusticana K54 (horseradish), amorphous callus culture of Nicotiana tabacum WSC 38 (tobacco) and hairy root culture of Solanum nigrum SNC 9O (black nightshade). In microorganisms degradation efficiency depends on microbial species, number of chloro atoms and their position. In plants we found the similar phenomenon. The efficiency of chlorobenzoic acid transformation by tested plant species was different. Cells of S. nigrum showed high degree of 2-, 3-, 4chlorobenzoic acids, 2,3-di, 2,4-di, 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acids and 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoic acid conversion (almost 100%) in 14 days. Methylester of 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid and methylester of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid were identified by GC–MS analysis in medium after cultivation of S. nigrum with 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid. In biomass after cultivation of S. nigrum with 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid were hydroxyderivate of 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid identified. Acknowledgement: The work was sponsored by the grants FRVSˇ 1482/2007, Centrum 1M06011. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.450