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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (12–14 yr) in the city of Mashhad, Iran, 2010–11
S238
Abstracts
Poster — [A-10-1277-1] Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (12–14 yr) in the city of Mashhad, Iran, 2010–11 Khosro Shafaghia, Mobarhan Majid Ghayourb, Mohd Shariff Zalilahc, Mohd Nasirc, Abdul Rahman Hejarc, Hadi Jabarid a UPM University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Iran b MUMS, New Science and Technology Department, Iran c Health Sciences, Iran d Ferdowsi University, Statistics Department, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K. Shafaghi), [email protected] (M.M. Ghayour), [email protected] (M.S. Zalilah), [email protected] (M. Nasir), [email protected] (A.R. Hejar), [email protected] (H. Jabari) Introduction: Obesity is an important public health problem worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing with changes in dietary habits and activity level. The highest rate of childhood obesity is in USA, Near/Middle East and Europe respectively. Unhealthy dietary behaviors such as overeating of energy dense food and beverages, snack consumption and sedentary lifestyle such as long TV viewing can influence childhood obesity. Childhood obesity are linked to increased adult morbidity through predisposing to a variety of conditions such as insulin resistance, lipoprotein abnormalities, and diabetes mellitus type II, cardiovascular disease, deep vein thrombosis and elevated blood pressure. The main objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (12–14 yr) in the city of Mashhad, Iran, 2010–11. Methods and materials: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Mashhad city, capital of Khorasan Razavi province, north-east of Iran, to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and type of obesity using height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC) and to determine associated factors including dietary patterns, TV watching, and demographic information in secondary school children. Mashhad includes 7 departments of education and training which was divided into 2 socioeconomic strata — North (low socio-economic) and South (high socio-economic). Total secondary school children were approximately 110,000 students. 10 schools were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. The sample size was calculated using the Lemeshow equation and the ultimate sample size was 1191 students (581 male and 610 females). Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (male and female) in Mashhad city was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among males was 7.7% and 7.1% respectively. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls was 9.4% and 4.8%, respectively. Differences between males and females were significant by chi-square test (P= 0.022). Conclusion: Childhood obesity seems to be an increasing problem at an alarming rate in Mashhad, Iran. Besides, data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian Children and adolescents are few and scattered, thus there is a need to confirm the findings through up-to date studies. Keywords: Prevalence, Overweight, Obesity, School children, Mashhad doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.581
Poster — [A-10-1387-1] Potential anti-inflammatory properties of oats avenanthramides Meydani Mohsen Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA 02111, United States E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Mohsen)
It is well established that dietary factors play significant etiologic roles in the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Studies have clearly shown that the consumption of soluble fiber of oats lowers total plasma and LDL cholesterol and reduces the risk of CVD. β-Glucan is the active ingredient that reduces cholesterol levels. In addition, oat consumption has recently been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure. Although the mechanism of these effects is not known, we have plausible experimental evidence that these effects are mediated through increasing production of NO by the vessel wall. In addition, oats contain unique polyphenols, a venanthramides (Avns) with antioxidant activity, which are not present in other cereal grains. Administration of Avns in rats increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in skeletal muscle, liver and kidneys, and glutathione peroxidase in heart and skeletal muscles attenuated exercise-induced production of reactive oxygen species. Avns are bioavailable in humans and inhibit LDL oxidation synergistically with vitamin C. These compounds may also interact with cellular components of the vascular system not only through their antioxidant activity but also by interactions with molecular and signaling pathways regulated by redox sensitive signal transduction that govern cellular responses during the inflammation of arterial walls and lesion development. In this regard, we have examined the potential health benefit of an Avns-enriched extract of oats in the prevention of atherosclerosis. These unique oat polyphenols inhibit expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) and monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cell monolayer. Further, they reduce the production of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. We now have evidence that the above-observed effects of Avns are mediated through inhibition of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which is known to regulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Avns of oats also regulate molecules involved in cell cycle signaling cascades at both transcriptional and translational levels. Further, our data revealed that Avns inhibit VSMC proliferation and increase eNOS expression and production of NO by both endothelial cells and VSMC. In addition, our cell culture studies indicate that the Avns of oats may prevent colonic tumorigenesis through their anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Taken together, these data strongly support the potential health benefits of oat consumption in the prevention of chronic disease beyond the benefits from their soluble fiber content. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Oats avenanthramides doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.582
Poster – [A-10-1387-2] Curcumin modulation of angiogenesis and obesity Meydani Mohsen Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA E-mail address: [email protected] Angiogenesis is necessary for growth of tumors and any growing tissues such as adipose tissue. There is a reciprocal regulation of angiogenesis and adipogenesis, which suggests that inhibition of angiogenesis may inhibit adipose tissue formation. Several natural polyphenols, including catechins, resveratrol and curcumin with antiangiogenic activities may modulate adiposity, body weight gain and associated inflammation by interfering in adipocyte development, macrophage activation and production of inflammatory mediators. We examined the effect of curcumin, a natural polyphenol present in
Abstracts
Poster — [A-10-1277-1] Prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (12–14 yr) in the city of Mashhad, Iran, 2010–11 Khosro Shafaghia, Mobarhan Majid Ghayourb, Mohd Shariff Zalilahc, Mohd Nasirc, Abdul Rahman Hejarc, Hadi Jabarid a UPM University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Iran b MUMS, New Science and Technology Department, Iran c Health Sciences, Iran d Ferdowsi University, Statistics Department, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K. Shafaghi), [email protected] (M.M. Ghayour), [email protected] (M.S. Zalilah), [email protected] (M. Nasir), [email protected] (A.R. Hejar), [email protected] (H. Jabari) Introduction: Obesity is an important public health problem worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing with changes in dietary habits and activity level. The highest rate of childhood obesity is in USA, Near/Middle East and Europe respectively. Unhealthy dietary behaviors such as overeating of energy dense food and beverages, snack consumption and sedentary lifestyle such as long TV viewing can influence childhood obesity. Childhood obesity are linked to increased adult morbidity through predisposing to a variety of conditions such as insulin resistance, lipoprotein abnormalities, and diabetes mellitus type II, cardiovascular disease, deep vein thrombosis and elevated blood pressure. The main objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (12–14 yr) in the city of Mashhad, Iran, 2010–11. Methods and materials: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Mashhad city, capital of Khorasan Razavi province, north-east of Iran, to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and type of obesity using height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC) and to determine associated factors including dietary patterns, TV watching, and demographic information in secondary school children. Mashhad includes 7 departments of education and training which was divided into 2 socioeconomic strata — North (low socio-economic) and South (high socio-economic). Total secondary school children were approximately 110,000 students. 10 schools were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. The sample size was calculated using the Lemeshow equation and the ultimate sample size was 1191 students (581 male and 610 females). Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children (male and female) in Mashhad city was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among males was 7.7% and 7.1% respectively. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls was 9.4% and 4.8%, respectively. Differences between males and females were significant by chi-square test (P= 0.022). Conclusion: Childhood obesity seems to be an increasing problem at an alarming rate in Mashhad, Iran. Besides, data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian Children and adolescents are few and scattered, thus there is a need to confirm the findings through up-to date studies. Keywords: Prevalence, Overweight, Obesity, School children, Mashhad doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.581
Poster — [A-10-1387-1] Potential anti-inflammatory properties of oats avenanthramides Meydani Mohsen Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA 02111, United States E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Mohsen)
It is well established that dietary factors play significant etiologic roles in the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Studies have clearly shown that the consumption of soluble fiber of oats lowers total plasma and LDL cholesterol and reduces the risk of CVD. β-Glucan is the active ingredient that reduces cholesterol levels. In addition, oat consumption has recently been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure. Although the mechanism of these effects is not known, we have plausible experimental evidence that these effects are mediated through increasing production of NO by the vessel wall. In addition, oats contain unique polyphenols, a venanthramides (Avns) with antioxidant activity, which are not present in other cereal grains. Administration of Avns in rats increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in skeletal muscle, liver and kidneys, and glutathione peroxidase in heart and skeletal muscles attenuated exercise-induced production of reactive oxygen species. Avns are bioavailable in humans and inhibit LDL oxidation synergistically with vitamin C. These compounds may also interact with cellular components of the vascular system not only through their antioxidant activity but also by interactions with molecular and signaling pathways regulated by redox sensitive signal transduction that govern cellular responses during the inflammation of arterial walls and lesion development. In this regard, we have examined the potential health benefit of an Avns-enriched extract of oats in the prevention of atherosclerosis. These unique oat polyphenols inhibit expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) and monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cell monolayer. Further, they reduce the production of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. We now have evidence that the above-observed effects of Avns are mediated through inhibition of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which is known to regulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Avns of oats also regulate molecules involved in cell cycle signaling cascades at both transcriptional and translational levels. Further, our data revealed that Avns inhibit VSMC proliferation and increase eNOS expression and production of NO by both endothelial cells and VSMC. In addition, our cell culture studies indicate that the Avns of oats may prevent colonic tumorigenesis through their anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Taken together, these data strongly support the potential health benefits of oat consumption in the prevention of chronic disease beyond the benefits from their soluble fiber content. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Oats avenanthramides doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.582
Poster – [A-10-1387-2] Curcumin modulation of angiogenesis and obesity Meydani Mohsen Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA E-mail address: [email protected] Angiogenesis is necessary for growth of tumors and any growing tissues such as adipose tissue. There is a reciprocal regulation of angiogenesis and adipogenesis, which suggests that inhibition of angiogenesis may inhibit adipose tissue formation. Several natural polyphenols, including catechins, resveratrol and curcumin with antiangiogenic activities may modulate adiposity, body weight gain and associated inflammation by interfering in adipocyte development, macrophage activation and production of inflammatory mediators. We examined the effect of curcumin, a natural polyphenol present in