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Prevalence of Rhinitis among Children and Teenagers in Quito Ecuador
S224 Abstracts
879
Prevalence of Rhinitis among Children and Teenagers in Quito Ecuador S. F. Barba, Jr.; Hospital General FF AA Quito, Ecuador. RATIONALE: ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) provides a worldwide opportunity to compare prevalence, incidence and severity of rhinitis symptoms in children and teenagers. METHODS: We used a self-administered ISAAC-III written questionnaire for mothers of 6-7 years old children, and another guided questionnaire for the teenager group (13-14 years old). The study took place in 34 elementary schools and in 22 high schools, both public and private schools. The Study was performed at 2003. RESULTS: 3055 mothers of 6-7 years old children completed the questionnaire. 37% declared children with nose symptoms, 27% symptoms in the last year, 14% nose and eyes symptoms. The 5% of the rhinitic children had severe symptoms. Physician diagnostic represented the 16%. The peak of symptoms was during raining season, specially in April. 3014 teens answered the questionnaire. 48% had nose symptoms, 36% actual rhinitis, 23% rhinoconjuntivitis. Severe symptoms were noticed in 2% of them. The 16% of teens were diagnosticated previously. The major incidence of symptoms was in may. CONCLUSIONS: Quito is an andean city located at 2.800 mts of altitute, it‘s humidity has small variation and is about 60% to 72%, the temperature is between 8 to 22 centigrades during all the year. The prevalence of rhinitis is moderate. The symptons of the great majority of the rhinitic population studied are mild to moderate. Funding: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Alergologı´a, Inmunologı´a y Ciencias Afines (SEAICA)
880
MONDAY
High Prevalence of Sensitization to Japanese Cedar Pollen and House Dust Mite in Young Children in Japan S. Masuda1,2, T. Fujisawa1,2, M. Nambu3,2, Y. Suehiro4,2, A. Terada5,2, Y. Tohda6,2; 1Mie National Hospital, Tsu, JAPAN, 2Kinki-Hokuriku Airway Disease Conference (KiHAC), Osaka, JAPAN, 3Tenri-Yorozu General Hospital, Tenri, JAPAN, 4Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, JAPAN, 5 Daido Hospital, Nagoya, JAPAN, 6Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, JAPAN. RATIONALE: Japanese cedar pollinosis is the most prevalent seasonal allergic rhinitis in Japan. The pollinosis usually develops later in life compared to other respiratory allergy such as asthma. Recently, however, earlier onset during infancy has been observed. Because prevalence of sensitization in general population, especially in young age, is not well known and may provide a basis for future primary prevention measures, we investigated specific IgE titers to Japanse cedar pollen (JCP) in relation with house dust mite (HDM), the most common respiratory allergen, in children under 6 years of age. METHODS One hundred thirty one children with allergic diseases (group A) and 78 children without any allergic disease (group NA) were recruited. CAP-RAST titer to JCP and HDM were measured. A questionnaire to find epidemiological backgrounds was filled out by their parents. RESULTS: The percentage of subjects who had positive ( 2) CAPRAST to JCP was 32.8% in group A and 6.4% in group NA. Sensitization was proved at as early as 23-month old. However, only 27.1% of JCP-sensitized children had been diagnosed as the pollinosis. Prevalence of positive CAP-RAST to HDM in group A and NA were 55.7% and 7.8%, respectively. Sensitization to HDM started earlier than JCP. There was a significant positive correlation between sensitization to JCP and HDM. CONCLUSIONS: Many children before school age are sensitized to JCP and HDM even without allergic symptoms in Japan, possibly a common problem in industrialized countries. Effective measures to protect allergen sensitization in the early stage of life may be important. Funding: Japan Allergy Foundation
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL JANUARY 2007
881
Allergic Rhinitis and Immunoglobulin Deficiency in Preschool Children with Frequent Upper Respiratory Illness S. Siriaksorn1, M. Trakultivakorn1, S. Suchaitanawanit2; 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, THAILAND, 2Section of Immunology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, THAILAND. RATIONALE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) deficiency in preschool children with frequent upper respiratory illness (URI). METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were distributed to parent of children aged 3-6 years in 24 kindergartens to find out the frequency of URI in the past year and the prevalence of rhinitis by the phase I International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The children with 10 or more URI episodes per year were enrolled. Ten warning signs for primary immunodeficiency were evaluated. Skin prick test (SPT) for common allergens and serum Ig and IgG subclasses were done. AR was diagnosed when the child had rhinitis by ISAAC questionnaire and positive SPT for at least 1 aeroallergen. RESULTS: The frequency of URI was 5.2 and 3.4 episodes per year for 3 and 6 year olds, respectively. Ninety-four (43%) of 219 children with frequent URI participated in the study. Prevalence of AR in the participants was 42%. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months had a protective effect, while paternal history of rhinitis was a risk factor (adjusted OR 5 0.17; 95%CI 5 0.03-0.88 and 4.58; 95%CI 5 1.36-15.40, respectively). Children with AR had higher serum IgE level than those without AR (3246393 vs.1626246, p<0.05). Nine participants had 2 or more warning signs for primary immunodeficiency. All participants had normal IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclass levels. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, AR was common in preschool children with frequent URI, while antibody deficiency was not found. Funding: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
882
The Trends of Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among Elementary School Children in Seoul from 1995 to 2005: Stable but Increased Recognition Y. Ahn.; Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, REPUBLIC OF KOREA. RATIONALE: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was suggested to be best correlated with allergic sensitization. Recent studies reported the ceasing of increasing trend of allergic diseases due to environmental changes in genetically susceptible population. Korea is one of the rapidly developing countries, experiencing dramatic environmental changes in a short time. METHODS: Three cross sectional surveys were performed using the modified ISSAC questionnaire and 6-12 year old elementary school children participated. Each survey was conducted in 1995, 2000 and 2005 respectively at the same schools in Seoul. RESULTS: Response rate was 94.6% and 7,771 children’s data were obtained in 2005. The prevalence of rhinitis ever was 37.2%, 34.6%, 39.6% and the 12-month prevalence of rhinitis symptoms was 33.4%, 31,4%, 35.1% in 1995, 2000, 2005 respectively. The 12-month point prevalence of rhinoconjunctivits showed 13.8%, 12.9%, 14.8% and the degree of interference with daily activities did not change during three study periods. In contrast to stable prevalence of all the rhinitis symptom parameters, the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis ever had been increased continuously from 16.8% to 22% and to 26.4% and the treatment history for allergic rhinitis during last 12 months from 12.7% to 15.7%and to 19.4% from 1995 to 2000 and to 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis had increased continuously due to increased recognition among health personnel despite the stable symptom prevalence of rhinitis from 1995 to 2005 in Seoul. Funding: korean academy of peditric allergy and respiratory disease
879
Prevalence of Rhinitis among Children and Teenagers in Quito Ecuador S. F. Barba, Jr.; Hospital General FF AA Quito, Ecuador. RATIONALE: ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) provides a worldwide opportunity to compare prevalence, incidence and severity of rhinitis symptoms in children and teenagers. METHODS: We used a self-administered ISAAC-III written questionnaire for mothers of 6-7 years old children, and another guided questionnaire for the teenager group (13-14 years old). The study took place in 34 elementary schools and in 22 high schools, both public and private schools. The Study was performed at 2003. RESULTS: 3055 mothers of 6-7 years old children completed the questionnaire. 37% declared children with nose symptoms, 27% symptoms in the last year, 14% nose and eyes symptoms. The 5% of the rhinitic children had severe symptoms. Physician diagnostic represented the 16%. The peak of symptoms was during raining season, specially in April. 3014 teens answered the questionnaire. 48% had nose symptoms, 36% actual rhinitis, 23% rhinoconjuntivitis. Severe symptoms were noticed in 2% of them. The 16% of teens were diagnosticated previously. The major incidence of symptoms was in may. CONCLUSIONS: Quito is an andean city located at 2.800 mts of altitute, it‘s humidity has small variation and is about 60% to 72%, the temperature is between 8 to 22 centigrades during all the year. The prevalence of rhinitis is moderate. The symptons of the great majority of the rhinitic population studied are mild to moderate. Funding: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Alergologı´a, Inmunologı´a y Ciencias Afines (SEAICA)
880
MONDAY
High Prevalence of Sensitization to Japanese Cedar Pollen and House Dust Mite in Young Children in Japan S. Masuda1,2, T. Fujisawa1,2, M. Nambu3,2, Y. Suehiro4,2, A. Terada5,2, Y. Tohda6,2; 1Mie National Hospital, Tsu, JAPAN, 2Kinki-Hokuriku Airway Disease Conference (KiHAC), Osaka, JAPAN, 3Tenri-Yorozu General Hospital, Tenri, JAPAN, 4Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, JAPAN, 5 Daido Hospital, Nagoya, JAPAN, 6Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, JAPAN. RATIONALE: Japanese cedar pollinosis is the most prevalent seasonal allergic rhinitis in Japan. The pollinosis usually develops later in life compared to other respiratory allergy such as asthma. Recently, however, earlier onset during infancy has been observed. Because prevalence of sensitization in general population, especially in young age, is not well known and may provide a basis for future primary prevention measures, we investigated specific IgE titers to Japanse cedar pollen (JCP) in relation with house dust mite (HDM), the most common respiratory allergen, in children under 6 years of age. METHODS One hundred thirty one children with allergic diseases (group A) and 78 children without any allergic disease (group NA) were recruited. CAP-RAST titer to JCP and HDM were measured. A questionnaire to find epidemiological backgrounds was filled out by their parents. RESULTS: The percentage of subjects who had positive ( 2) CAPRAST to JCP was 32.8% in group A and 6.4% in group NA. Sensitization was proved at as early as 23-month old. However, only 27.1% of JCP-sensitized children had been diagnosed as the pollinosis. Prevalence of positive CAP-RAST to HDM in group A and NA were 55.7% and 7.8%, respectively. Sensitization to HDM started earlier than JCP. There was a significant positive correlation between sensitization to JCP and HDM. CONCLUSIONS: Many children before school age are sensitized to JCP and HDM even without allergic symptoms in Japan, possibly a common problem in industrialized countries. Effective measures to protect allergen sensitization in the early stage of life may be important. Funding: Japan Allergy Foundation
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL JANUARY 2007
881
Allergic Rhinitis and Immunoglobulin Deficiency in Preschool Children with Frequent Upper Respiratory Illness S. Siriaksorn1, M. Trakultivakorn1, S. Suchaitanawanit2; 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, THAILAND, 2Section of Immunology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, THAILAND. RATIONALE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) deficiency in preschool children with frequent upper respiratory illness (URI). METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred and seventy-six questionnaires were distributed to parent of children aged 3-6 years in 24 kindergartens to find out the frequency of URI in the past year and the prevalence of rhinitis by the phase I International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The children with 10 or more URI episodes per year were enrolled. Ten warning signs for primary immunodeficiency were evaluated. Skin prick test (SPT) for common allergens and serum Ig and IgG subclasses were done. AR was diagnosed when the child had rhinitis by ISAAC questionnaire and positive SPT for at least 1 aeroallergen. RESULTS: The frequency of URI was 5.2 and 3.4 episodes per year for 3 and 6 year olds, respectively. Ninety-four (43%) of 219 children with frequent URI participated in the study. Prevalence of AR in the participants was 42%. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months had a protective effect, while paternal history of rhinitis was a risk factor (adjusted OR 5 0.17; 95%CI 5 0.03-0.88 and 4.58; 95%CI 5 1.36-15.40, respectively). Children with AR had higher serum IgE level than those without AR (3246393 vs.1626246, p<0.05). Nine participants had 2 or more warning signs for primary immunodeficiency. All participants had normal IgG, IgA, IgM and IgG subclass levels. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, AR was common in preschool children with frequent URI, while antibody deficiency was not found. Funding: Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University
882
The Trends of Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among Elementary School Children in Seoul from 1995 to 2005: Stable but Increased Recognition Y. Ahn.; Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, REPUBLIC OF KOREA. RATIONALE: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was suggested to be best correlated with allergic sensitization. Recent studies reported the ceasing of increasing trend of allergic diseases due to environmental changes in genetically susceptible population. Korea is one of the rapidly developing countries, experiencing dramatic environmental changes in a short time. METHODS: Three cross sectional surveys were performed using the modified ISSAC questionnaire and 6-12 year old elementary school children participated. Each survey was conducted in 1995, 2000 and 2005 respectively at the same schools in Seoul. RESULTS: Response rate was 94.6% and 7,771 children’s data were obtained in 2005. The prevalence of rhinitis ever was 37.2%, 34.6%, 39.6% and the 12-month prevalence of rhinitis symptoms was 33.4%, 31,4%, 35.1% in 1995, 2000, 2005 respectively. The 12-month point prevalence of rhinoconjunctivits showed 13.8%, 12.9%, 14.8% and the degree of interference with daily activities did not change during three study periods. In contrast to stable prevalence of all the rhinitis symptom parameters, the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis ever had been increased continuously from 16.8% to 22% and to 26.4% and the treatment history for allergic rhinitis during last 12 months from 12.7% to 15.7%and to 19.4% from 1995 to 2000 and to 2005. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis had increased continuously due to increased recognition among health personnel despite the stable symptom prevalence of rhinitis from 1995 to 2005 in Seoul. Funding: korean academy of peditric allergy and respiratory disease