- Email: [email protected]
Principles of industrial chemistry
reflected in the literature: comprehensive works were replaced by a long series of specialist monographs and a rash of new journals. This 750-page work is a continuation of the old tradition of reviewing chromatography as a whole, and is a replacement for the outdated Laboratory Handbook of Chromatographic Methods (1966). The fourteen contributors are all members of various departments of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, which over the years has contributed several important publications in this field, such as Papirova Chromatografie by I. M. Hais and K. Macek (1954). The book, which is well documentedon a chapter-by-chapter basis and concludes with a review of the non-specialist literature since 1962, will satisfy the needs of those who want a broad review of the scope of chromatographic and allied methods. Trevor I. Williams Chemical Engineering Vol. 2,3rd edition Edited by J. M. Co&son andJ. F. Richardson. Pp. xvi+807. Oxford. 19 78. Flexicover coverf20.00.
Pergamon Press, f 12.50, Hard
Clothes maketh the man so the proverb has it, but it is the same body and soul underneath. Thus the new edition of Coulson and Richardson (Volume 2) is dressed in the current respectability of SI units but it remains the samesolid substantial work of integrity that it started out as 25 years ago. It is one of the very few, perhaps the only book by British authors which can claim to have become a classic in chemical engineering (if one excepts the very first book on the subject, George E. Davies’ Handbook). I reviewed the first edition of this book in 1955 and praised its value then both as a teaching text and useful reference for practising engineers and research workers. Although the new edition follows the same slightly oldfashioned unit operations approach (which has yet to be improved upon), there is a unity of treatment and an emphasis on fundamental concepts and the useful relationships that may be derived therefrom which is peculiarly characteristic of theseauthors. It would however, be unfair to suggestthat the third edition is simply the previous onesput into SI units. Some rearrangement of material has been made and more significantly an introductory chapter on particle technology has been added. There is also an entirely new section on flocculation. Both these additions emphasise the increasing attention that solid and solid-fluid operations are receiving and this significant, albeit belated, recognition is to be welcomed. The book is well produced in clear type with excellent line drawings. A minor criticism is the occasional use of photographs of equipment which generally are less informative than line drawings and also tend to date more rapidly. I would also have preferred to see a greater number of problems and to have had these put after each chapter instead of collected together at the end of the book. Although this review strictly concerns only Volume 2, because of the ordering of the 184
subject matter, the reader must consider Volumes 1 and 2 together in determining its value as a text. To a teacher and student alike it will continue to hold its position as one of the standard texts of the subject and within the range of present day text book prices must be a reasonablebuy. D. C. Freshwater
The Molten Ubbelohde. Chichester.
State of Matter Pp. xvii+454. 1978. f23.50.
John
byA. R. Wiley,
As the title implies, this book approaches the structure of the liquid state through the fusion of solids; the classical technique of considering liquids as condensed gases has serious limitations at temperatures far removed from the critical point. Structural considerations of solids have led to many models for the melting processes and for the subsequent melts, and about half the book deals with the fusion of the various classes of compounds: rigid and flexible molecules, ionic crystals, metals, and giant networks. Liquid crystals, glasses, and polymers are also covered in somedetail. Other chapters review and discuss the thermodynamics and kinetics of fusion, together with pre-freezing and pre-melting effects which can throw considerable light on the mechanismsoffusion. The author lucidly surveys this fascinating area of modern molecular physics, bringing together a very wide range of theories and data in a form that provides a most valuable source of information. His authoritative text, with its extensive referencing and professional presentation, will be of considerable importance to chemical physicists, chemical engineers, and others who wish to share the author’s deep insight into melting and the structure of liquids. B. W. Hatt
Photometric Determination of Metals. General Aspects
of Tracea
by E. 6. Sandell and H. Onishi. Pp. x+ 1085. John Wiley, Chichester. 1978. f32.40 ($60.00).
This is an excellent revision of a volume which has become a standard reference book in its area. Thr general format is unchanged but the content relates progress sincethe last edition as well as noting gaps that need to be filled by future work. The initial chapters discuss the role of photometric methods in trace analysis; contamination and losses; sampling and solution of samples. Absorptiometry and fluorimetry are consideredin terms of precision and accuracy of measurements, sensitivity, and the general desiderata of chromogenic reactions for trace analysis. The main portion, slightly over half, is concerned with photometric reagents treated systematically as follows: inorganic reagents and determination forms; organic chelating reagents classified by bonding type, 0, N, N-O, N-NS, S-G, S-N, or by generic reagent types such as dithizone and oxine and their homologues or analogues; ion association
reagentsincluding onium salts and basic dyes. Analytical separations are frequently essential in order to achieve satisfactory photometric determinations and included herein are precipitation and coprecipitation; chromatography with emphasis on ion exchange; liquid-liquid extraction of elements, oxides, oxygen acids, halides nitrates etc., chelates, ion pairs and organophosphorous adducts; volatilization. This is a delightful book to read. The depth and coverage are well balanced, while further valuable and particular features of the book are the scholarly notes and many papers cited in references. Highly recommended for general reading, it is an essential and value-for-money purchase for all workers in the field and for all tertiary educational level libraries where two copies are suggested,one of which should be for referenceuse. D. T. Burns
Principles
of Industrial Chemistry by ChrisA. Clausen Ill and Guy Mattson. Pp, xiv+4 12. John Wiley, Chichester. 19 78. f3 1.50 ($25.50).
The authors have set out to provide an introduction to the chemical industry for the student or recent graduate in chemistry. They have covered a very wide range of topics, necessarily superficially, and have, at times, attempted to produce an.elementary text book in chemical engineering. They start by looking at the background of how the chemical industry operates, of how one selects a chemical route for a process and then carries out the necessary calculations of material and energy balances. They go on to discuss fluid flow and heat transfer, reactor design (with passing references to mass transfer), separation processesand instrumentation and control. They conclude with chapters on patents, economics,and related topics. However, errors and misconceptions abound. Entropy changes are quoted in calories per mole. There is confusion between the acceleration due to gravity and the dimensionless ratio of g to unit acceleration, with the result that kinetic energy is given in footpounds by the equation mV2
34 where g is in ft/sZ. What a pity too, not to introduce the SI system in a book written in 1978, and to express forces in kilograms. The tluid-flow section has fundamental errors. Thus, in the venturi meter increase of fluid speed at the constriction is said to result in increase of pressure; pitot tubes are claimed to be inaccurate and need calibration; and the pipe friction curve is so wildly wrong that the slope is far from - 1 in the iaminar region and the friction factor is 0.10 instead of 0.16 at a Reynolds number of 100. The book is very disappointing and is very expensive for what it contains. The index is inadequate; a spot check shows distillation and masstransfer to be absent, for instance. J. F. Richardson
Pergamon Press, f 12.50, Hard
Clothes maketh the man so the proverb has it, but it is the same body and soul underneath. Thus the new edition of Coulson and Richardson (Volume 2) is dressed in the current respectability of SI units but it remains the samesolid substantial work of integrity that it started out as 25 years ago. It is one of the very few, perhaps the only book by British authors which can claim to have become a classic in chemical engineering (if one excepts the very first book on the subject, George E. Davies’ Handbook). I reviewed the first edition of this book in 1955 and praised its value then both as a teaching text and useful reference for practising engineers and research workers. Although the new edition follows the same slightly oldfashioned unit operations approach (which has yet to be improved upon), there is a unity of treatment and an emphasis on fundamental concepts and the useful relationships that may be derived therefrom which is peculiarly characteristic of theseauthors. It would however, be unfair to suggestthat the third edition is simply the previous onesput into SI units. Some rearrangement of material has been made and more significantly an introductory chapter on particle technology has been added. There is also an entirely new section on flocculation. Both these additions emphasise the increasing attention that solid and solid-fluid operations are receiving and this significant, albeit belated, recognition is to be welcomed. The book is well produced in clear type with excellent line drawings. A minor criticism is the occasional use of photographs of equipment which generally are less informative than line drawings and also tend to date more rapidly. I would also have preferred to see a greater number of problems and to have had these put after each chapter instead of collected together at the end of the book. Although this review strictly concerns only Volume 2, because of the ordering of the 184
subject matter, the reader must consider Volumes 1 and 2 together in determining its value as a text. To a teacher and student alike it will continue to hold its position as one of the standard texts of the subject and within the range of present day text book prices must be a reasonablebuy. D. C. Freshwater
The Molten Ubbelohde. Chichester.
State of Matter Pp. xvii+454. 1978. f23.50.
John
byA. R. Wiley,
As the title implies, this book approaches the structure of the liquid state through the fusion of solids; the classical technique of considering liquids as condensed gases has serious limitations at temperatures far removed from the critical point. Structural considerations of solids have led to many models for the melting processes and for the subsequent melts, and about half the book deals with the fusion of the various classes of compounds: rigid and flexible molecules, ionic crystals, metals, and giant networks. Liquid crystals, glasses, and polymers are also covered in somedetail. Other chapters review and discuss the thermodynamics and kinetics of fusion, together with pre-freezing and pre-melting effects which can throw considerable light on the mechanismsoffusion. The author lucidly surveys this fascinating area of modern molecular physics, bringing together a very wide range of theories and data in a form that provides a most valuable source of information. His authoritative text, with its extensive referencing and professional presentation, will be of considerable importance to chemical physicists, chemical engineers, and others who wish to share the author’s deep insight into melting and the structure of liquids. B. W. Hatt
Photometric Determination of Metals. General Aspects
of Tracea
by E. 6. Sandell and H. Onishi. Pp. x+ 1085. John Wiley, Chichester. 1978. f32.40 ($60.00).
This is an excellent revision of a volume which has become a standard reference book in its area. Thr general format is unchanged but the content relates progress sincethe last edition as well as noting gaps that need to be filled by future work. The initial chapters discuss the role of photometric methods in trace analysis; contamination and losses; sampling and solution of samples. Absorptiometry and fluorimetry are consideredin terms of precision and accuracy of measurements, sensitivity, and the general desiderata of chromogenic reactions for trace analysis. The main portion, slightly over half, is concerned with photometric reagents treated systematically as follows: inorganic reagents and determination forms; organic chelating reagents classified by bonding type, 0, N, N-O, N-NS, S-G, S-N, or by generic reagent types such as dithizone and oxine and their homologues or analogues; ion association
reagentsincluding onium salts and basic dyes. Analytical separations are frequently essential in order to achieve satisfactory photometric determinations and included herein are precipitation and coprecipitation; chromatography with emphasis on ion exchange; liquid-liquid extraction of elements, oxides, oxygen acids, halides nitrates etc., chelates, ion pairs and organophosphorous adducts; volatilization. This is a delightful book to read. The depth and coverage are well balanced, while further valuable and particular features of the book are the scholarly notes and many papers cited in references. Highly recommended for general reading, it is an essential and value-for-money purchase for all workers in the field and for all tertiary educational level libraries where two copies are suggested,one of which should be for referenceuse. D. T. Burns
Principles
of Industrial Chemistry by ChrisA. Clausen Ill and Guy Mattson. Pp, xiv+4 12. John Wiley, Chichester. 19 78. f3 1.50 ($25.50).
The authors have set out to provide an introduction to the chemical industry for the student or recent graduate in chemistry. They have covered a very wide range of topics, necessarily superficially, and have, at times, attempted to produce an.elementary text book in chemical engineering. They start by looking at the background of how the chemical industry operates, of how one selects a chemical route for a process and then carries out the necessary calculations of material and energy balances. They go on to discuss fluid flow and heat transfer, reactor design (with passing references to mass transfer), separation processesand instrumentation and control. They conclude with chapters on patents, economics,and related topics. However, errors and misconceptions abound. Entropy changes are quoted in calories per mole. There is confusion between the acceleration due to gravity and the dimensionless ratio of g to unit acceleration, with the result that kinetic energy is given in footpounds by the equation mV2
34 where g is in ft/sZ. What a pity too, not to introduce the SI system in a book written in 1978, and to express forces in kilograms. The tluid-flow section has fundamental errors. Thus, in the venturi meter increase of fluid speed at the constriction is said to result in increase of pressure; pitot tubes are claimed to be inaccurate and need calibration; and the pipe friction curve is so wildly wrong that the slope is far from - 1 in the iaminar region and the friction factor is 0.10 instead of 0.16 at a Reynolds number of 100. The book is very disappointing and is very expensive for what it contains. The index is inadequate; a spot check shows distillation and masstransfer to be absent, for instance. J. F. Richardson