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Problems in the rational analysis of transportation safety
361 G. RAISBECK:
Problems in the rational analysis of transportation
safety. A&d. Anal. & Rec.
4,313-321. Abstract-Anaiysis of air traffic control capacity shows the relation between traffic level and risk can be dealt with quantitatively only if units of risk are specified. Measuring risk in terms of fatalities per hour of exposure solves the major problem of how to compare the effects that many different kinds of patterns of human activity, but leaves us with a number of unresolved secondary issues. Among these are: incommensurability of certain risks, failure of statistical independence, certain limitations of time-normalization; unequal distribution of costs and benefits; different weighting of voluntary and involuntary risks; liability, cost and value of uncertainty; positive value of some risks; acceptability of unequal risks; difficulty of esti*..._.._ ..~~~~ ->.- . . ~~1 r., __.l__ _____. ____I, ___l__Ll*l.:_____s _L---_ -*LLmarmp very sman prooaomrtes; ana w-ear 01 me unknown compareo TOrnreat ox me known. Although these issues arose out of air traffic control studies, they are clearly relevant to risk analyses of many other systems.
BARBARAPRFSTON:Statistical analysis of child pedestrian
accidents in Manchester and Salford.
Accid. Anal. & Ptm. 4,323-332. Abstract--The police reports of child pedestrian accidents in Manchester and Salford in 1969 were studied. The age and sex of 980 children injured, where the accident happened and, when available, what the children were doing, is presented. The accident rate for children aged 3-7 differed very considerably in different areas from more than 2 per 100 children of that age in the worst area, to less than 2 per 1000 in the best area. There was a statistically significant correlation between measures of overcrowding or of social class and the accident rate for boys of this age but not for girls. There was no difference in the distance from home, or the type of road on which the boys and girls were injured, but young boys were more likely to be injured while playing than girls. It is suggested that the provision of safe ptay spaces could reduce the accident rate for young boys in the worst accident areas.
A.&P,4/4-H
Problems in the rational analysis of transportation
safety. A&d. Anal. & Rec.
4,313-321. Abstract-Anaiysis of air traffic control capacity shows the relation between traffic level and risk can be dealt with quantitatively only if units of risk are specified. Measuring risk in terms of fatalities per hour of exposure solves the major problem of how to compare the effects that many different kinds of patterns of human activity, but leaves us with a number of unresolved secondary issues. Among these are: incommensurability of certain risks, failure of statistical independence, certain limitations of time-normalization; unequal distribution of costs and benefits; different weighting of voluntary and involuntary risks; liability, cost and value of uncertainty; positive value of some risks; acceptability of unequal risks; difficulty of esti*..._.._ ..~~~~ ->.- . . ~~1 r., __.l__ _____. ____I, ___l__Ll*l.:_____s _L---_ -*LLmarmp very sman prooaomrtes; ana w-ear 01 me unknown compareo TOrnreat ox me known. Although these issues arose out of air traffic control studies, they are clearly relevant to risk analyses of many other systems.
BARBARAPRFSTON:Statistical analysis of child pedestrian
accidents in Manchester and Salford.
Accid. Anal. & Ptm. 4,323-332. Abstract--The police reports of child pedestrian accidents in Manchester and Salford in 1969 were studied. The age and sex of 980 children injured, where the accident happened and, when available, what the children were doing, is presented. The accident rate for children aged 3-7 differed very considerably in different areas from more than 2 per 100 children of that age in the worst area, to less than 2 per 1000 in the best area. There was a statistically significant correlation between measures of overcrowding or of social class and the accident rate for boys of this age but not for girls. There was no difference in the distance from home, or the type of road on which the boys and girls were injured, but young boys were more likely to be injured while playing than girls. It is suggested that the provision of safe ptay spaces could reduce the accident rate for young boys in the worst accident areas.
A.&P,4/4-H