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Proceedings of the stated monthly meeting, June 16, 1859
64
~ranklin Institute.
use of red lead pMnt in immediate contact with iron; and he recommends, therefore, that it should never be used as a coating for seagoing vessels, unless special precautions are taken to preventits coming into direct contact with the iron.~Liverpool Albion.
Water .Boiled witlwut FueL* It had always been considered that water presented an exception to the rule observed to hold in other bodies--namely, that their temperature could be raised by fi'ietion or percussion, until Mr. Joule showed that water manifested a sensible rise of temperature by a brisk agitation continued for some time. His range of temperature did not, however, we believe, exceed 2 ° Fahr. George Rennie, F.R.S., so well known in the engineering and scientific world by a pamphlet before us, has so improved on the experiments of Mr. Joule and others, as to have succeeded in raising the temperature of water by churning up to the boiling point 212 ° Fahr. * From IIerapth's Journal~ No. 1022.
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE.
Troeeedings of the Stated 3lontld~ ~][eeti~cj, June 16, 1859. John C. Cresson, President, in the chair. John F. Frazer, Treasurer, Isaac B. Garrigues, Recording Secretary, jPresent" The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. Letters were read fi'om the Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India, and the Geological Museum, Calcutta, India; the Regents of the University of tile State of New York, Albany, N. ¥ . ; the Union College, Schenectady, New York ; the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Assoclation, Boston, Mass., and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Donations to the Library were received fi'om the Royal Society, and the Chemical Society, London ; the Government of India, Calcutta, India ; the Austrian Engineers' Association, Yienn,% Austria ; L.A. Ituguet-Latour, :Esq., Montreal, Canada ; the State University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; the~ Proprietors of Locks and Canals on the Merrimae River, Lowell, Massachusetts; the Chamber of Commerce of New York ; B. It. Latrobe, Esq., and the Board of Commis. sioners of Public Schools, B~dtimore, Maryland; the :New Orleans School of Medicine, :New Orleans, Louisian,~; the American Philosophical Society, and Professors John F. Frazer and John C. Cresson, Philadelphia. The Periodicals received in exchange for the Journal of the Institute, were laid on the table. The Treasurer read his statement of the receipts and payments for the month of May. The Board of Managers and Standing Committees reported their minutes.
_Report on Gordon's Improved _Protractor.
65
Candidates for membershi p in the Institute (7) were proposed, and the candidates (6) proposed at the last meeting were duly elected. A. Stone & Co., sent to the meeting for the inspection of the members a sample of the air-tight jars made by them, intended for the purpose of preserving fresh fruits. The jar is of glass, with a wide mouth, in which two projections are made at points opposite each other. The cover is also of glass, and is made with a screw upon the part that goes into the mouth; two openings are cut across the screw, so that the cover may be inserted in its position. On the cover, which extends beyond the mouth, are two projections foi" the purpose of turning the cover so that the screw will catch under the projections in the mouth, and draw the cover down tightly upon the edges of the mouth. To insure an air-tight joint, a ring of gum is placed under the cover'betbre it is screwed down. Mr. Eddy, artist, of this city, presented a beautiful specimen of his work in a cabinet size picture, of a lady. The impression was first taken by the crystalotype process, and that painted in with oil colors, thus making a picture possessing all the truthfulness of the daguerreotype, with the animation, durability, and softness of oil coloring. While possessing these additional advantages, so much less time is occupied than When the drawing is done by hand, that the pictures can be made at about one-fourth the usual cost of oil painting. "The rendering wheels used upon the planes of the 5Iine Hill Railroad, were shown in a model laid upon the table. The wire rope, used for hauling up the cars upon this road, winds upon these wheels, and bears upon wood set endwise, so that the ends of the grain are presented to its pressure. The wood is of oak, hickory, or such wood as will not wear rapidly or crush easily, but permit a sufficient indentation of the strands to prevent slipping. The wood is held between a flanch cast on one side of the face of the wheel, and a detached ring forming a fianeh on the other side, and held up with bolts. By this arrange= ment, a piece of defective wood can be easily removed, and its place supplied with another. The wheels have been at work for some months, and are giving satisfaction by their performance, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND THE ARTS.
l~eport on an fmproved Protractor, invented by Charles Gordon. The Committee on Science and the Arts constituted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, to whom was re[~rred for examination " a a improved Protractor," invented by Charles Gordon, of Washington City, D. C.,
REPORT :--That this protractor consists of aparallel ruler of the usual form, having attached to it a semicircle graduated to any desired division of the circle. This ruler is attached to a bar by a set-screw passing through the centre of the semicircle, so that the ruler can be clamped at any angle to the bar. A vernier and a reading glass facilitate this adjustment. The bar to which the ruler is attached forms part of a heavy plate of metal which is made in the form of a triangle, 6.
~ranklin Institute.
use of red lead pMnt in immediate contact with iron; and he recommends, therefore, that it should never be used as a coating for seagoing vessels, unless special precautions are taken to preventits coming into direct contact with the iron.~Liverpool Albion.
Water .Boiled witlwut FueL* It had always been considered that water presented an exception to the rule observed to hold in other bodies--namely, that their temperature could be raised by fi'ietion or percussion, until Mr. Joule showed that water manifested a sensible rise of temperature by a brisk agitation continued for some time. His range of temperature did not, however, we believe, exceed 2 ° Fahr. George Rennie, F.R.S., so well known in the engineering and scientific world by a pamphlet before us, has so improved on the experiments of Mr. Joule and others, as to have succeeded in raising the temperature of water by churning up to the boiling point 212 ° Fahr. * From IIerapth's Journal~ No. 1022.
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE.
Troeeedings of the Stated 3lontld~ ~][eeti~cj, June 16, 1859. John C. Cresson, President, in the chair. John F. Frazer, Treasurer, Isaac B. Garrigues, Recording Secretary, jPresent" The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. Letters were read fi'om the Superintendent of the Geological Survey of India, and the Geological Museum, Calcutta, India; the Regents of the University of tile State of New York, Albany, N. ¥ . ; the Union College, Schenectady, New York ; the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Assoclation, Boston, Mass., and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Donations to the Library were received fi'om the Royal Society, and the Chemical Society, London ; the Government of India, Calcutta, India ; the Austrian Engineers' Association, Yienn,% Austria ; L.A. Ituguet-Latour, :Esq., Montreal, Canada ; the State University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; the~ Proprietors of Locks and Canals on the Merrimae River, Lowell, Massachusetts; the Chamber of Commerce of New York ; B. It. Latrobe, Esq., and the Board of Commis. sioners of Public Schools, B~dtimore, Maryland; the :New Orleans School of Medicine, :New Orleans, Louisian,~; the American Philosophical Society, and Professors John F. Frazer and John C. Cresson, Philadelphia. The Periodicals received in exchange for the Journal of the Institute, were laid on the table. The Treasurer read his statement of the receipts and payments for the month of May. The Board of Managers and Standing Committees reported their minutes.
_Report on Gordon's Improved _Protractor.
65
Candidates for membershi p in the Institute (7) were proposed, and the candidates (6) proposed at the last meeting were duly elected. A. Stone & Co., sent to the meeting for the inspection of the members a sample of the air-tight jars made by them, intended for the purpose of preserving fresh fruits. The jar is of glass, with a wide mouth, in which two projections are made at points opposite each other. The cover is also of glass, and is made with a screw upon the part that goes into the mouth; two openings are cut across the screw, so that the cover may be inserted in its position. On the cover, which extends beyond the mouth, are two projections foi" the purpose of turning the cover so that the screw will catch under the projections in the mouth, and draw the cover down tightly upon the edges of the mouth. To insure an air-tight joint, a ring of gum is placed under the cover'betbre it is screwed down. Mr. Eddy, artist, of this city, presented a beautiful specimen of his work in a cabinet size picture, of a lady. The impression was first taken by the crystalotype process, and that painted in with oil colors, thus making a picture possessing all the truthfulness of the daguerreotype, with the animation, durability, and softness of oil coloring. While possessing these additional advantages, so much less time is occupied than When the drawing is done by hand, that the pictures can be made at about one-fourth the usual cost of oil painting. "The rendering wheels used upon the planes of the 5Iine Hill Railroad, were shown in a model laid upon the table. The wire rope, used for hauling up the cars upon this road, winds upon these wheels, and bears upon wood set endwise, so that the ends of the grain are presented to its pressure. The wood is of oak, hickory, or such wood as will not wear rapidly or crush easily, but permit a sufficient indentation of the strands to prevent slipping. The wood is held between a flanch cast on one side of the face of the wheel, and a detached ring forming a fianeh on the other side, and held up with bolts. By this arrange= ment, a piece of defective wood can be easily removed, and its place supplied with another. The wheels have been at work for some months, and are giving satisfaction by their performance, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND THE ARTS.
l~eport on an fmproved Protractor, invented by Charles Gordon. The Committee on Science and the Arts constituted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, to whom was re[~rred for examination " a a improved Protractor," invented by Charles Gordon, of Washington City, D. C.,
REPORT :--That this protractor consists of aparallel ruler of the usual form, having attached to it a semicircle graduated to any desired division of the circle. This ruler is attached to a bar by a set-screw passing through the centre of the semicircle, so that the ruler can be clamped at any angle to the bar. A vernier and a reading glass facilitate this adjustment. The bar to which the ruler is attached forms part of a heavy plate of metal which is made in the form of a triangle, 6.