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Processes
uniformly distributed short fibres and sinuously o r i e n t e d c o n t i n u o u s fibres, is described.
and CSM vinyl ester (or polyester) lamina on either side is described. For chemical resistance a thermoplastic liner can be adhered via a thin glass fibre mat pressed into it.
Composition and method for producing glass reinforced cement products (W.R. Bonsai and Company, USA) Br Pat 1 602 241 (11 November 1981) Alkali attack on E-glass fibres can be inhibited by water soluble salts of Ba, Li and Zn. At 120°F, glass degradation is superior than CEMFIL.
Manufacture of shaped articles (Cape Boards and Panels Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 604 809 and 1 604 810 (16 December 1981) A glass fibre-reinforced, mica or vermiculite cement is described. The products have low shrinkage and good fire resistance.
Fillers (ICI Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 603 300 (25th November 1981) A polybutadiene - - maleic anhydride adduct with acidic groups can be used to coat a basic filler particle such as calcium carbonate. The product can be used as a reinforcing filler for elastomers and is bound to the matrix through residual unsaturations, during vulcanization. The carbonylated polybutadiene can also be added to the filled compound without the need for a coating operation, to obtain a similar reinforcement. Graphite composition (A.R.J.P. Ubbelohde, UK) Br Pat 1 603 426 (25 November 1981) A carbonatious body with well oriented graphite crystals is described. The process involves dispersing two carbonizable polymers into natural graphite. The mixture is orientated by rolling at temperatures up to 400°C. The polymers are cabonized at 430°C in an oven. Since one phase produces more volatiles than the other, oriented voids are produced which are subsequently compressed by rolling giving an overall improvement in the orientation. Improvements relating to the production of panels and buildings (Celette Industrial Housings Ltd, UK) Br Pat i 603 518 (25 November 1981) A sand filled GRP encapsulated chipboard, cladding, panel is described. Modified polycarbonamide (Pohm and Haas Co, USA) Br Pat 1604 209 (2 December 1981) The impact strength of toughened and toughened/filled nylons can be improved by finely dispersing high molecular weight nylon into the acrylic impact modifier. The low melt viscosity is still maintained. Fabrics (A. Britton, UK) Br Pat 1 6('4 619 (9 December 1981) The patent describes a method of producing a continuous impregnated, unidirectional transverse fibre composite of finite width, from a roll of continuous 0 ° cloth, without lap joints but supported by matrix strips, which are flattened in the nip of two rollers. The product described is latex impregnated radial tyre fabric. Multi-layer board (Portland Zementwerke Heidelberg AG, W. Germany) Br Pat 1 604 736 (16 December 1981) A laminate which consists of an alkali resistant glass-fibre reinforced cement (or UF) core with, successively, an alkali-resistant glass fibre reinforced epoxy intermediate layer (which can be a water soluble type)
COMPOSITES
. JULY
1982
Improvements in or relating to friction materials (Ferodo Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 604 827 (16 December 1981) A fibre-reinforced toughened phenolic brake/clutch lining material is described. Both inorganic (glass fibres at a level of ~ 30%) and organic fibres (cellulose at 10%) for green strength are included. Flexible intumescent sheet material with fired strength (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, USA) Br Pat 1 604 908 (16 December 1981) Unexfoliated vermiculite and inorganic fibres such as E-glass in a rubber binder is described. The material gains strength and expands on firing, and is used as shock resistant support for automobile exhaust control catalysts. Improvements in and relating to fibrereinforced building products (Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S, Denmark and A.J.M. Robinson, UK) Br Pat I 605 004 (16 December 1981) The process describes chopped, fibrillated polypropene-reinforccd cement. In addition the fibres may be dressed with a fine grained filler to aid dispersion. Addition of cellulose fillers also aids dispersion. The process for cutting the oriented polymer film to produce frayed fibres is also important. Improvements in roof panels for buildings (J.D.W. Maclean and K.O.P. BriU-Edwards, UK) Br Pat 1 605 133 (13 January 1982) A corrugated GRP self-supporting panel is described. It may contain a polymer foam stiffening core. It is intended to span the roof of a conventional house and simulate to pattern without any additional support.
PROCESSES Continuous manufacture of unsaturated polyesters (BASF Akt. West Germany) Br Pat 1 597 253 (3 September 1981) A reaction occurs in a 'cascade' of resin kettles. An important part of the process involves separation of alcohols from the condensate and recycling. Fibre reinforced thermosetting elastomer composites (Gates Rubber Co. USA) Br Pat 1 600 909/10 (21 October 1981) These patents are both concerned with the dispersion of discontinuous fibres into a rubber. Different fibres are discussed and the incorporation of processing oil and resinous adhesive is shown to be beneficial in properties and dispersion.
Vulcanizates containing siliceous fillers (Polysar Ltd, Canada) Br Pat 1 601 434×5 (28 October 1981) Addition of aliphatic long chain amines improves the tensile properties of silica filled BUNA/HEMA rubbers. British Patent 1 601 435 reports the application to SBRglycidyl modified elastomers. Manufacture of bonded fibrous webs (Pianfei IP.A.S.P.A, Italy) Br Pat 1 602 701 (18 November 1981) Improved CSM is produced by forming a mat of fibres and binder which is broken up to produce a mixture of binder particles and glass fibres which is deposited as a mat and heat set. High stress-strain thermosetting polyesters (Owens-Corning Fibreglass Corp, USA) Br Pat 1 603 191 (18 November 1981) A tough unsaturated polyester resin is achieved by first forming a highly branched prepolymer with a small quantity of triol and the saturated acids. In the second stage, the fumarate links from isomerization of maleic anhydride are more accurately spaced so that the length of the styrene cross-links is optimized. Method for the continuous production of laminates (Kurt Held, W. Germany) Br Pat 1 603 274 (25 November 1981) A continuous process for phenolic and UF laminates in which the fibrous webs are impregnated with resin, dried and laminated between two belts whilst still hot. Polymer processing Bowman, J.A. (Brunel University, UK) Br Pat 1 603 638 (25 November 1981) An optimum degree of crosslinking within particles of HDPE from irradiation, prior to fabrication by injection moulding or extrusion, produces an enhanced tensile strength. Resin impregnated sintered silver articles (Johnson, Matthey & Co Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 603 855 (2 December 1981) Vacuum impregnation for jewellery. Reinforcing a layer of plastics material (Pohm and Haas Company, USA) Br Pat 1 604 872 (16 December 1981) A novel technique for vacuum impregnation of glass fibres with resins using a thermoplastic (which may be previously thermoformed for complex mouldings) membrane which is sucked down on to the laminate to expel the resin into a gutter.
US PATENTS COMPONENTS/EQUIPMENT X-ray patient support stretcher and method for fabrication Cooper, A.A.G. (The Babcock & Wilcox Company) US Pat 4 252 594 (24 February 1981) A method for fo~-ming a radiolucent patient support stretcher having a balsa wood core, and a composite skin with multiple layers of oriented fibrous reinforcement in polymeric matrices sandwiches between resin impregnated fabric.
349
and CSM vinyl ester (or polyester) lamina on either side is described. For chemical resistance a thermoplastic liner can be adhered via a thin glass fibre mat pressed into it.
Composition and method for producing glass reinforced cement products (W.R. Bonsai and Company, USA) Br Pat 1 602 241 (11 November 1981) Alkali attack on E-glass fibres can be inhibited by water soluble salts of Ba, Li and Zn. At 120°F, glass degradation is superior than CEMFIL.
Manufacture of shaped articles (Cape Boards and Panels Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 604 809 and 1 604 810 (16 December 1981) A glass fibre-reinforced, mica or vermiculite cement is described. The products have low shrinkage and good fire resistance.
Fillers (ICI Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 603 300 (25th November 1981) A polybutadiene - - maleic anhydride adduct with acidic groups can be used to coat a basic filler particle such as calcium carbonate. The product can be used as a reinforcing filler for elastomers and is bound to the matrix through residual unsaturations, during vulcanization. The carbonylated polybutadiene can also be added to the filled compound without the need for a coating operation, to obtain a similar reinforcement. Graphite composition (A.R.J.P. Ubbelohde, UK) Br Pat 1 603 426 (25 November 1981) A carbonatious body with well oriented graphite crystals is described. The process involves dispersing two carbonizable polymers into natural graphite. The mixture is orientated by rolling at temperatures up to 400°C. The polymers are cabonized at 430°C in an oven. Since one phase produces more volatiles than the other, oriented voids are produced which are subsequently compressed by rolling giving an overall improvement in the orientation. Improvements relating to the production of panels and buildings (Celette Industrial Housings Ltd, UK) Br Pat i 603 518 (25 November 1981) A sand filled GRP encapsulated chipboard, cladding, panel is described. Modified polycarbonamide (Pohm and Haas Co, USA) Br Pat 1604 209 (2 December 1981) The impact strength of toughened and toughened/filled nylons can be improved by finely dispersing high molecular weight nylon into the acrylic impact modifier. The low melt viscosity is still maintained. Fabrics (A. Britton, UK) Br Pat 1 6('4 619 (9 December 1981) The patent describes a method of producing a continuous impregnated, unidirectional transverse fibre composite of finite width, from a roll of continuous 0 ° cloth, without lap joints but supported by matrix strips, which are flattened in the nip of two rollers. The product described is latex impregnated radial tyre fabric. Multi-layer board (Portland Zementwerke Heidelberg AG, W. Germany) Br Pat 1 604 736 (16 December 1981) A laminate which consists of an alkali resistant glass-fibre reinforced cement (or UF) core with, successively, an alkali-resistant glass fibre reinforced epoxy intermediate layer (which can be a water soluble type)
COMPOSITES
. JULY
1982
Improvements in or relating to friction materials (Ferodo Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 604 827 (16 December 1981) A fibre-reinforced toughened phenolic brake/clutch lining material is described. Both inorganic (glass fibres at a level of ~ 30%) and organic fibres (cellulose at 10%) for green strength are included. Flexible intumescent sheet material with fired strength (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, USA) Br Pat 1 604 908 (16 December 1981) Unexfoliated vermiculite and inorganic fibres such as E-glass in a rubber binder is described. The material gains strength and expands on firing, and is used as shock resistant support for automobile exhaust control catalysts. Improvements in and relating to fibrereinforced building products (Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S, Denmark and A.J.M. Robinson, UK) Br Pat I 605 004 (16 December 1981) The process describes chopped, fibrillated polypropene-reinforccd cement. In addition the fibres may be dressed with a fine grained filler to aid dispersion. Addition of cellulose fillers also aids dispersion. The process for cutting the oriented polymer film to produce frayed fibres is also important. Improvements in roof panels for buildings (J.D.W. Maclean and K.O.P. BriU-Edwards, UK) Br Pat 1 605 133 (13 January 1982) A corrugated GRP self-supporting panel is described. It may contain a polymer foam stiffening core. It is intended to span the roof of a conventional house and simulate to pattern without any additional support.
PROCESSES Continuous manufacture of unsaturated polyesters (BASF Akt. West Germany) Br Pat 1 597 253 (3 September 1981) A reaction occurs in a 'cascade' of resin kettles. An important part of the process involves separation of alcohols from the condensate and recycling. Fibre reinforced thermosetting elastomer composites (Gates Rubber Co. USA) Br Pat 1 600 909/10 (21 October 1981) These patents are both concerned with the dispersion of discontinuous fibres into a rubber. Different fibres are discussed and the incorporation of processing oil and resinous adhesive is shown to be beneficial in properties and dispersion.
Vulcanizates containing siliceous fillers (Polysar Ltd, Canada) Br Pat 1 601 434×5 (28 October 1981) Addition of aliphatic long chain amines improves the tensile properties of silica filled BUNA/HEMA rubbers. British Patent 1 601 435 reports the application to SBRglycidyl modified elastomers. Manufacture of bonded fibrous webs (Pianfei IP.A.S.P.A, Italy) Br Pat 1 602 701 (18 November 1981) Improved CSM is produced by forming a mat of fibres and binder which is broken up to produce a mixture of binder particles and glass fibres which is deposited as a mat and heat set. High stress-strain thermosetting polyesters (Owens-Corning Fibreglass Corp, USA) Br Pat 1 603 191 (18 November 1981) A tough unsaturated polyester resin is achieved by first forming a highly branched prepolymer with a small quantity of triol and the saturated acids. In the second stage, the fumarate links from isomerization of maleic anhydride are more accurately spaced so that the length of the styrene cross-links is optimized. Method for the continuous production of laminates (Kurt Held, W. Germany) Br Pat 1 603 274 (25 November 1981) A continuous process for phenolic and UF laminates in which the fibrous webs are impregnated with resin, dried and laminated between two belts whilst still hot. Polymer processing Bowman, J.A. (Brunel University, UK) Br Pat 1 603 638 (25 November 1981) An optimum degree of crosslinking within particles of HDPE from irradiation, prior to fabrication by injection moulding or extrusion, produces an enhanced tensile strength. Resin impregnated sintered silver articles (Johnson, Matthey & Co Ltd, UK) Br Pat 1 603 855 (2 December 1981) Vacuum impregnation for jewellery. Reinforcing a layer of plastics material (Pohm and Haas Company, USA) Br Pat 1 604 872 (16 December 1981) A novel technique for vacuum impregnation of glass fibres with resins using a thermoplastic (which may be previously thermoformed for complex mouldings) membrane which is sucked down on to the laminate to expel the resin into a gutter.
US PATENTS COMPONENTS/EQUIPMENT X-ray patient support stretcher and method for fabrication Cooper, A.A.G. (The Babcock & Wilcox Company) US Pat 4 252 594 (24 February 1981) A method for fo~-ming a radiolucent patient support stretcher having a balsa wood core, and a composite skin with multiple layers of oriented fibrous reinforcement in polymeric matrices sandwiches between resin impregnated fabric.
349