Production of bessemer steel ingots and rails in the United States in 1895

Notes attd UommeJzts.

Mar., I896. ]

23 !

G R O W T H OF T H E A L U M I N U M INDUSTRY. The efficiency of the electro-metallurgical methods now exclusively employed in the production of aluminum, is strikingly shown by the figures of the following tabulation, representing the product of the United States since I882. The first impetus to the industry was given in '-886, when the electric furnace plant of the Cowles brothers was fairly put in operation. In I889, when the Pittsburgh Reduction Company entered the field with the Hall electrolytic process, another great advance in output was recorded ; and the industry has since been steadily growing year after year. }~ar.

])oumls.

19ar. t889

Pounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47,468

~883 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83

tSS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15~

J89c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1885 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26~

189[

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i3o,o5o

I886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i~ 7

~8~8

.

6x,~8,

3,ooo

,892

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

~59,885

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,ooo

.

19,ooo

1893 ~594

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

339,629 55o,0oo

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

The Iroll Age estimates the American output of aluminum, in 1895, at S5o,ooo pounds, and believes that the production of the present year will reach the imposing total of 6,ooo pounds per day, or over 2,ooo,ooo pounds. W. P R O D U C T I O N OF B E S S E M E R S T E E L INGOTS AND RAILS IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S IN i895. Mr. James M. Swank has just published, in the Bulletin of the American Iron and Steel Association, the complete statistics for the year I895, of the production of Bessemer steel ingots and Bessemer steel rails of all weights and sections, in the United States, except the comparatively small quantity of standard rails, and a larger quantity of street rails which were made by manufacturers from purchased blooms. In the statistics of ingots produced are included the production of tl~e few Clapp-Griffiths and Robert-Bessemer plants, and also the production ot- steel castings by all Bessemer works. " Z~zg~o/s.--The total production of Bessemer steel ingots in I895 was 4.9o9,128 gross tons, against 3,57 t,3 t 3 gross tons in 1894, showing an increase in I895 of t,337,8~5~tons, or over 37 per cent. The production in I895 was much the largest in our Bessemer steel history. The following table gives our production of Bessemer steel ingots in the last ten years : ) "ga ~Y.

Bc'sse m ¢'r.

(Tro.~s "]',)ns. 1886 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . .

lJtgols. 1,269,~9o

~e~Z~'S. (;Joss To~t ,.

]]I'SSetIIgY. fngols.

|SgI

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,747,417

2,936,o33

~89~

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,~68,435

2,5tt,x6i

t893

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,~i5,~86

i888

....

1889

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,93o,2o 4

~894

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

~,57I~313

I89u

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,$88,87I

1895

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,9o9,128

" With an estimated production in 1895 of over I,OOO,OOOtons of openhearth steel, soon to be accurately ascertained, it is probable that our total production of steel in that year exceeded 6,00o,ooo tons. Great Britain's total steel production has never amounted to 4,0oo,ooo tons in any year.

,'Votes and Comments.

232

[J. F. I.,

" T h e following table gives the production of Bessemer steel ingots by States in I892, x893, 1894 a n d I895: Ing'oL~'. Stales. Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O t h e r States . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eS92. (gross Tons. 2,397,984 879,952 409,855 4So,644 4,168,435

z$9~. Gross Tons. 2,*e6,22o 3~4,8z 9 348,I4t 426,496 3,2t5,686

z894. Gross Tons. 2,334,548 58t,54 o 363,974 29~,~5z

¢'~5. Gloss 7bns. 2,978,9z4 866,53t 719,9~4 343 719

3,57x,3x3

4 0<~,~8

" ]~ai/s.--The production of all l~inds of Bessemer steel rails by the producers of Bessemer steel ingots in I895 was r,266,o8I tons, against a similar production of 9o4,o2o tons in 1894, ~,o36,353 tons in I893, a n d 1,458.732 tons in J892. The following table shows the production by States of Bessemer steel rails by the producers of Bessemer steel ingots in I892, 1893, I894 and 1895 : Rails. S/ales. Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . IIl;nois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O t h e r States . . . . . . . . . . . Total

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

zSg:. (;ross 7b~t,~. 885,652 450,542 122.538 H458,732

z ~93. zS94. Gross 2"oRs. Gross Tons. 639,a3~ 606,866 23~,26o 225,869 164,662 7I,a85 ],o36,353

£o4,o2o

1395. Gros,> Tons. 8?.7.043 3e4,o5o I~4.958 1,266.o8i

" W h e n we shall h a v e received the returns of the production of Bessemer steel rails from purchased blooms in 1895, it is probable that the total production of Bessemer steel rails in that year will be found to h a v e exceeded 1,35o,ooo gross tons." M E D I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N S OF R ( ' ) N F G E N ' S DISCOVERY. From London iValure, we learn that the new p h o t o g r a p h y has received the official recognition which is usually given to scientific discovery in Germany. Professor R/Sntgen has been h o n o r e d by the Emperor, a n d the Prussian Minister of W a r has caused experiments to be m a d e in order to discover whether the method can be applied successfully to army surgery. A series of p h o t o g r a p h s of bone injuries h a v e shown so clearly the nature of the wounds a n d the position of i m b e d d e d projectiles that it has b e e n determined to carry on the experiments on a larger scale. " Medical science seems likely to benefit m u c h by the application of Professor Rtintgen's discovery. T h e Britis,~ ~l[edica/Journal thinks, as an aid to diagnosis of obscure fractures a n d internal lesions generally, the new photography will be of great value. From our c o n t e m p o r a r y we note that already a b e g i n n i n g has been m a d e in this direction, a n d Professor Mosetig, of Vienna, has t a k e n photographs which showed, with the greatest clearness a n d precision, the injuries caused by a revolver-shot in the left h a n d of a man, a n d the position of the small projectile. In another case, the same observer detected the position a n d nature of a malformation in the left foot of a girl with entire success. Professor L a n n e l o n g u e , of Paris, has also been successful in p h o t o g r a p h i n g some of his cases in his ward at the Trousseau