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Production of glass fibre reinforced plastic articles
and (ii) a dipping process with heating and withdrawal means, Apparatus for impregnating fibre reinforcements with hardenable resin Goodman, J. L. (MorrO;on Molded Fiber Glass Co) US Pat 3 718 527 (27Feb 1973) Partly impregnated fibre is introduced in a closed chamber where additional resin flows with a pressure plate at the end to evenly spread resin and remove excess. Additional dry fibres may be added prior to curing, Method for manufacturing fibrous carbonaceous composites having near isotropic properties Lamdin, F. and Randle, W.W. (USAEC) US Pat 3 718 720 (27Feb 1973) Fibre orientation is controlled so composite nearly isotropic, discrete carbon fibres are mixed with thermoplastic binder and heated to attach fibres at their nexus, followed by cooling, crushing into small agglomerates and forming into the required shape. The binder is heat melted to join fibres and carbonize.
pressure, yielding a rigid laminate suitable as a backing for personnel armour.
Process for producing pyrolytic graphite Hiramoya, C. and Mamiero, D.A. (Westinghouse Electric Corp) USPat 3 720 499 (13Mar 1973) Hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed to produce a gas stream with a preselected average gas temperature using an electric arc heater with an elongated exhaust nozzle which may or may not be fluid cooled. Refractory substrates to be coated are placed in the nozzle gas stream. Treatment of carbon fibres Scola, D. A. and Basche, H. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 720 536 (13 Mar 1973) Carbon fibre resin bonding is improved by heating in nitrogen containing 0.1-0.8%'by volume of oxygen at 1 000-1 500°C for 1-60 s. Production of glass fibre reinforced
Manufacture of fibre reinforced carbon bodies Cowland, F. C. (Beckwith Carbon Corp) US Pat 3 720 575 (13Mar 1973) Increased mechanical strength results in carbonized phenolic bodies using pretreated carbon fibres by use of acryloaitrile fibre where carbonization is carried out while tensioned in the oxidation stage. During resin carbonization, carbonized fibre shrinks more than the matrix resulting in prestressing.
Process for the production of carbon and graphite fibres Overhaff, D. (Sigri Electrographit GmbH) US Pat 3 720 759 (13 Mar 1973) Carbon fibre is made from treating polymer fibres with condensation agents such as TIC14, PbC14 or SnC14 in high boiling esters or ethers at 180-220°C to effect crosslinking and/or cyclization within fibres, then heated from 200-300°C in oxidation gases and finally inert gas at >1 000°C.
plastic articles Wimmer, R. (Private Inventor, Austria) US Pat 3 720 540 (13 Mar
Solid lubricant composites employing polybenzamidazole resins and lubricat-
Carbonaceous material and method of preparation Accountius, O. E. (North American Rockwell Corp) US Pat 3 719 452 (6 Mar 1973) Relatively pure carbonaceous material from pyrolyzing polyphenylene can
19 73) Acrylic sheets are vacuum formed then sprayed with a glass fibre thermosetting polyester resin mixture and a bonding additive of a monomeric styrene compound, chalk or talc, then cured,
be mixed with filler such as silicon to yield silicon carbide or other heterogeneous carbon structures.
Coated porous ceramic articles and method of making Bockstie, L. G. (Coming Glass Works) US Pat 3 720 543 (13 Mar 1973) A porous inorganic body is coated with aromatic or aliphatic hydrogen polysiloxane or both dissolved in volatile solvent which evaporates having a non-ablative ceramic polysiloxane molecular complex, with water repellant and flame proof properties but without blocking the pores,
ing pigments McConnet, B. D. and Lavik, M. T. (US Sec of Airforce) US Pat 3 721 625 (20 Mar 1973) Finely divided lubricants Sb203 and MoS2 at 25% concentration in resin solution are sprayed on test surfaces, dried at 93.3°C (200°F) for an hour then heated at 301.6°C (575°F) to crosslink and bond. Also used are graphite, WS2, WSe and resin laminates with glass and graphite fibres machined to fit the surface to be lubricated.
Method of forming a composite metallic preform tape Carlson, R. G. and Steinhagen, C.A. (GEC) US Pat 3 719 538 (6 Mar 1973) Inner metal foil surfaces and/or high strength filaments are coated with a non-metallic adhesive that decomposes below the melting point of both fibre and foil leaving no residue; foils and fibre are both moved with same duration and speed and contacted with pressure to bond the foils sufficiently to partly take up the fibre con tour. Reinforced laminated material LaMer, H. A. (Carborundum Co) US Pat 3 719 545 (6 Mar 1973) This composite is made from densified layers of film and fabric stitched together with reinforcing filaments and further densified with heat and
48
Endless reinforcement and method for producing same Kimble, V.W. (Deering Millike Research Corp) USPat 3 720 569 (13 Mar 19 73) It consists of a strip of many continuous chords forming zig zag patterns across its width with a turn at each edge substantially perpendicular to the major plane of the strip, Production method and composite uses are given, see also US Pat 3 720 570
Method for producing high softening
point thermoplastics Dickakian, G. M. (Esso Res and Eng Co) US Pat3 721 658 (20 Mar 1973) Steam cracked tar and fractions are contacted with oxygen containing gases in the presence of salts of Fe, Cu, A1 and Zn. These oxidation polymers are good binders for fibreboard and other composites. Surface modification of carbon fibre Druin, M. L. and Ferment, G. R. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 723 150 (27Mar 1973) Carbon fibre surfaces are continuously modified by passage through heated zones containing CO 2. Reinforced resin composites have enhanced shear strength.
COMPOSITES
. JANUARY
1974
pressure, yielding a rigid laminate suitable as a backing for personnel armour.
Process for producing pyrolytic graphite Hiramoya, C. and Mamiero, D.A. (Westinghouse Electric Corp) USPat 3 720 499 (13Mar 1973) Hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed to produce a gas stream with a preselected average gas temperature using an electric arc heater with an elongated exhaust nozzle which may or may not be fluid cooled. Refractory substrates to be coated are placed in the nozzle gas stream. Treatment of carbon fibres Scola, D. A. and Basche, H. (United Aircraft Corp) US Pat 3 720 536 (13 Mar 1973) Carbon fibre resin bonding is improved by heating in nitrogen containing 0.1-0.8%'by volume of oxygen at 1 000-1 500°C for 1-60 s. Production of glass fibre reinforced
Manufacture of fibre reinforced carbon bodies Cowland, F. C. (Beckwith Carbon Corp) US Pat 3 720 575 (13Mar 1973) Increased mechanical strength results in carbonized phenolic bodies using pretreated carbon fibres by use of acryloaitrile fibre where carbonization is carried out while tensioned in the oxidation stage. During resin carbonization, carbonized fibre shrinks more than the matrix resulting in prestressing.
Process for the production of carbon and graphite fibres Overhaff, D. (Sigri Electrographit GmbH) US Pat 3 720 759 (13 Mar 1973) Carbon fibre is made from treating polymer fibres with condensation agents such as TIC14, PbC14 or SnC14 in high boiling esters or ethers at 180-220°C to effect crosslinking and/or cyclization within fibres, then heated from 200-300°C in oxidation gases and finally inert gas at >1 000°C.
plastic articles Wimmer, R. (Private Inventor, Austria) US Pat 3 720 540 (13 Mar
Solid lubricant composites employing polybenzamidazole resins and lubricat-
Carbonaceous material and method of preparation Accountius, O. E. (North American Rockwell Corp) US Pat 3 719 452 (6 Mar 1973) Relatively pure carbonaceous material from pyrolyzing polyphenylene can
19 73) Acrylic sheets are vacuum formed then sprayed with a glass fibre thermosetting polyester resin mixture and a bonding additive of a monomeric styrene compound, chalk or talc, then cured,
be mixed with filler such as silicon to yield silicon carbide or other heterogeneous carbon structures.
Coated porous ceramic articles and method of making Bockstie, L. G. (Coming Glass Works) US Pat 3 720 543 (13 Mar 1973) A porous inorganic body is coated with aromatic or aliphatic hydrogen polysiloxane or both dissolved in volatile solvent which evaporates having a non-ablative ceramic polysiloxane molecular complex, with water repellant and flame proof properties but without blocking the pores,
ing pigments McConnet, B. D. and Lavik, M. T. (US Sec of Airforce) US Pat 3 721 625 (20 Mar 1973) Finely divided lubricants Sb203 and MoS2 at 25% concentration in resin solution are sprayed on test surfaces, dried at 93.3°C (200°F) for an hour then heated at 301.6°C (575°F) to crosslink and bond. Also used are graphite, WS2, WSe and resin laminates with glass and graphite fibres machined to fit the surface to be lubricated.
Method of forming a composite metallic preform tape Carlson, R. G. and Steinhagen, C.A. (GEC) US Pat 3 719 538 (6 Mar 1973) Inner metal foil surfaces and/or high strength filaments are coated with a non-metallic adhesive that decomposes below the melting point of both fibre and foil leaving no residue; foils and fibre are both moved with same duration and speed and contacted with pressure to bond the foils sufficiently to partly take up the fibre con tour. Reinforced laminated material LaMer, H. A. (Carborundum Co) US Pat 3 719 545 (6 Mar 1973) This composite is made from densified layers of film and fabric stitched together with reinforcing filaments and further densified with heat and
48
Endless reinforcement and method for producing same Kimble, V.W. (Deering Millike Research Corp) USPat 3 720 569 (13 Mar 19 73) It consists of a strip of many continuous chords forming zig zag patterns across its width with a turn at each edge substantially perpendicular to the major plane of the strip, Production method and composite uses are given, see also US Pat 3 720 570
Method for producing high softening
point thermoplastics Dickakian, G. M. (Esso Res and Eng Co) US Pat3 721 658 (20 Mar 1973) Steam cracked tar and fractions are contacted with oxygen containing gases in the presence of salts of Fe, Cu, A1 and Zn. These oxidation polymers are good binders for fibreboard and other composites. Surface modification of carbon fibre Druin, M. L. and Ferment, G. R. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 723 150 (27Mar 1973) Carbon fibre surfaces are continuously modified by passage through heated zones containing CO 2. Reinforced resin composites have enhanced shear strength.
COMPOSITES
. JANUARY
1974