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Progress in metal physics
Sept., I959.]
BOOK R E V I E W S
Beyond the atmosphere we find the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, on the surface of the E a r t h most of these radiations have been filtered out. We are told t h a t if the entire electromagnetic spectrum was considered a keyboard with 60 keys, one single key represents t h a t which we can see with our eyes and but a few more represent what can be detected with instrumentation from the E a r t h ' s surface. To obtain a definitive picture of what energies are present in space and their flux, it is necessary to ascend beyond the atmosphere. Until a few years ago this was impossible. The balloon was the only vehicle which could ascend to great heights to collect significant information. With the advent of the rocket this has been changed. Today scientists all over the world have been probing radiations beyond the atmosphere. With the fantastic improvements in instruments we are able to parlay the short periods of time during which the sounding rocket spent above most of the atmosphere to draw a picture of what takes place in this region. One of the true pioneers in this work is the senior editor of this new book. Dr. Newell began his work in this field when the U. S. Army looked for something to put into the payload sections of the V-2's which had been brought over from Germany. His work as head of the Rocket Sonde Branch of N R L ' s rocket upper-air program gave him the background to contribute to this science. Sounding Rockets is a basic book covering the sounding rockets used in all countries except, and for obvious reasons, the U.S.S.R. Together with his colleagues Dr. Newell has covered rocket theory, instrumentation techniques, handling and launching techniques and the future of sounding rockets. One of the most significant tables this reviewer has seen is Table 2-2. Here are listed the results obtained from sounding rockets. Dr. Newell states the object of study and then describes the methods used to attack the problem. Finally, the results obtained are revealed. When you consider t h a t this was done for the determination of atmospheric pressure, density composition and temperature, winds, solar radiation, ionosphere, magnetic field of the Earth, etc., it proves to be the best synopsis and guide to the scientific a t t a c k on our lack of knowledge of our atmosphere.
24I
Dr. Newell and his contributors have put together a commendable work. It will prove to be a most useful reference. I. M. LEWTT The Franklin Institute Planetarium PROGRESS IN METAL PttYSlCS, Vol. 7, edited by Bruce Chalmers and R. King. 408 pages, diagrams, 6 X 94 in. New York and London, Pergamon Press Ltd., 1958. Price, $16.00. As in previous years many research workers in physical metallurgy or metal physics will find at least one article among the five contained in the 7th volume of the series which is closely related to their own work. The timin~ of the articles could not have been better. A1 the papers describe work in areas where great deal of activity is being displayed and where further rapid advances are expected during the next decade. Hobstetter's article " . . . Equilibrium, Diffusion and Imperfections in Semiconductors" contains a good deal ot solid state physics while the following paper by Jaffee, "The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys," is on the extreme metallurgical side. However, the articles are written in clear language so t h a t the former will make enjoyable reading also to the metallurgist and the latter to the physicist. The remaining reviews deal with " T h e Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Martensitic Transformations" (Kaufman and Cohen), "The Stored Energy of Cold Work" (Titchener and Bever) and "The Properties of Metals at Low Temperatures" (Rosenberg). All three articles have in common t h a t the subject has been reviewed very critically, and t h a t much thought has been used to show new approaches for further research. The new volume is, in the opilfion of the reviewer, the best balanced book of the series and is fully recommended. There is an increase of 50 to 408 pages as compared with the previous volumes. This expansion seems to be responsible in part for the increase of price by 30 per cent, and many readers may find the price of $16.00 rather high. It is felt t h a t the series may serve its purpose better by limiting the size of the single volume to 300 pages and thereby keeping the book in reach of the graduate students who are a substantial group of its readers. H. G. F. WILSDORF The Franklin Institute Laboratories
BOOK R E V I E W S
Beyond the atmosphere we find the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, on the surface of the E a r t h most of these radiations have been filtered out. We are told t h a t if the entire electromagnetic spectrum was considered a keyboard with 60 keys, one single key represents t h a t which we can see with our eyes and but a few more represent what can be detected with instrumentation from the E a r t h ' s surface. To obtain a definitive picture of what energies are present in space and their flux, it is necessary to ascend beyond the atmosphere. Until a few years ago this was impossible. The balloon was the only vehicle which could ascend to great heights to collect significant information. With the advent of the rocket this has been changed. Today scientists all over the world have been probing radiations beyond the atmosphere. With the fantastic improvements in instruments we are able to parlay the short periods of time during which the sounding rocket spent above most of the atmosphere to draw a picture of what takes place in this region. One of the true pioneers in this work is the senior editor of this new book. Dr. Newell began his work in this field when the U. S. Army looked for something to put into the payload sections of the V-2's which had been brought over from Germany. His work as head of the Rocket Sonde Branch of N R L ' s rocket upper-air program gave him the background to contribute to this science. Sounding Rockets is a basic book covering the sounding rockets used in all countries except, and for obvious reasons, the U.S.S.R. Together with his colleagues Dr. Newell has covered rocket theory, instrumentation techniques, handling and launching techniques and the future of sounding rockets. One of the most significant tables this reviewer has seen is Table 2-2. Here are listed the results obtained from sounding rockets. Dr. Newell states the object of study and then describes the methods used to attack the problem. Finally, the results obtained are revealed. When you consider t h a t this was done for the determination of atmospheric pressure, density composition and temperature, winds, solar radiation, ionosphere, magnetic field of the Earth, etc., it proves to be the best synopsis and guide to the scientific a t t a c k on our lack of knowledge of our atmosphere.
24I
Dr. Newell and his contributors have put together a commendable work. It will prove to be a most useful reference. I. M. LEWTT The Franklin Institute Planetarium PROGRESS IN METAL PttYSlCS, Vol. 7, edited by Bruce Chalmers and R. King. 408 pages, diagrams, 6 X 94 in. New York and London, Pergamon Press Ltd., 1958. Price, $16.00. As in previous years many research workers in physical metallurgy or metal physics will find at least one article among the five contained in the 7th volume of the series which is closely related to their own work. The timin~ of the articles could not have been better. A1 the papers describe work in areas where great deal of activity is being displayed and where further rapid advances are expected during the next decade. Hobstetter's article " . . . Equilibrium, Diffusion and Imperfections in Semiconductors" contains a good deal ot solid state physics while the following paper by Jaffee, "The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys," is on the extreme metallurgical side. However, the articles are written in clear language so t h a t the former will make enjoyable reading also to the metallurgist and the latter to the physicist. The remaining reviews deal with " T h e Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Martensitic Transformations" (Kaufman and Cohen), "The Stored Energy of Cold Work" (Titchener and Bever) and "The Properties of Metals at Low Temperatures" (Rosenberg). All three articles have in common t h a t the subject has been reviewed very critically, and t h a t much thought has been used to show new approaches for further research. The new volume is, in the opilfion of the reviewer, the best balanced book of the series and is fully recommended. There is an increase of 50 to 408 pages as compared with the previous volumes. This expansion seems to be responsible in part for the increase of price by 30 per cent, and many readers may find the price of $16.00 rather high. It is felt t h a t the series may serve its purpose better by limiting the size of the single volume to 300 pages and thereby keeping the book in reach of the graduate students who are a substantial group of its readers. H. G. F. WILSDORF The Franklin Institute Laboratories