- Email: [email protected]
Project title displays for full breast digital mammography
conditions to improve the validity and increase power; (2) determine why empirical and nominal error rates sometimes differ for continuous rating format and to investigate procedures for reducing this difference in a broad range of experimental conditions to improve validity and increase power; (3) evaluate the validity of theDBM multireader methodology in estimating confidence intervals for various effect-size differences; (4) develop and evaluate procedures for estimating the minimum reader and case sample sizes needed to detect a clinically meaningful difference with a fair degree of power and a small probability of a Type 1 error; and (5)incorporate covariates into the DBM multireader methodology, and evaluate the validity of this extension. These aims will be addressed by both Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical analysis. Thesaurus Terms: computer assisted diagnosis, data collec-
tion methodology/evaluation, diagnosis design/evaluation, diagnosis quality/standard, imaging/visualization, radiodiagnosis computer program/software, computer simulation bioimaging! biomedical imaging, human data, statisticsfoiometry
Institution: Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 1999 Radiology 05-JAN-94 30-APR-01 National Cancer Institute ZRG7
)ROJECT TITLE
METABOLISM AND PO2 IN ISCHEMIC AND HYPOXIC BRAIN Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA6731-03 Dunn, Jeffery F.
Abstract: DESCRIPTION: The investigator proposes a model
and means for studying hypoxia/ischemia protective interventions. Oxygen levels, phosphate metabolites and cerebral blood flow will be studied in experiments that are as parallel as the measurements allow. The problems in making the different measurements at the same time were handled well in the introduction to the revised application. This is a revised application proposing the use of NMR and EPR to probe metabolic parameters related to ischemic and hypoxic brain. Thesaurus Terms: brain metabolism, cerebral ischemia/hypoxia, oxygen consumption, oxygen tension cerebral circulation, oxygen, oxygen transport, phosphate, respiratory oxygenation electron spin resonance spectroscopy, laboratory rat, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, oximetry, ultrasound blood flow measurement
Institution:
Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
1999 Diagnostic Radiology 01-JUL-97 30-JUN-00 National Cancer Institute BBCB
)ROJECT TITLE
DISPLAYS FOR FULL BREAST DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA76564-02 Dwyer, Samuel J.
Abstract: DESCRWFION (Adapted from Applicant's Ab-
stract): Full breast digital mammography (FBDM) has begun to fulfill its promise as a better way to perform diagnostic and screening mammography. Digital mammography permits computer image manipulation, compnter-aided diagnosis, and electronic image transfer. These are the successes, but today there is a need for a display modality that is compatible with digital mammograms. There are two possibilities: laser-printed film and the interactive grayscale workstation. Each is a compromise, compared to original FBDM data. The laser-printed film does not permit a full range of computer enhancements, while the grayscale workstation does not present enough images, nor enough spatial resolution. Each choice has serious economic implications. There are many scientific tasks on the road to finding an optimum way to use the displays in mammographic interpretation. The objective of this research is to find a good set of parameters for putting the image in front of the mammographer, to test the diagnostic accuracy of the chosen parameters, comparing the two modalities, to create a model that will enable us to see how the choices of display modality affect examination throughput and, therefore, cost. The applicants proposed to collect 40 normal and 40 abnormal full breast digital FBDM examinations, create protocols for the laser-film printer and the grayscale monitor, and test the protocols with the FBDM examinations. They proposed to develop a model, which includes diagnostic accuracy, throughput and cost, and use the data collected with the marmnographic examination interpretation to refine the model. They would then collect 100 normal and 100 abnormal examinations to test the chosen protocols for the display modalities for their diagnostic accuracy and their throughput rates. Thesaurus Terms: biomedical equipment development,
computer assisted diagnosis, diagnosis design/evaluation, digital imaging, image enhancement, information display, mammography bioimaging/biomedical imaging, human tissue
Institution:
University of Virginia Charlottesville Charlottesville, VA 22903
213
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
1999 Radiology 01-JUL-98 30-JUN-01 National Cancer Institute DMG
}ROJECT TITLE
Institution:
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
University of Washington 3935 University Way NE Seattle, WA 98195 1998 Radiology 14-AU G-95 31-MAY-00 National Cancer Institute RNM
PET IN SARCOMAmA CLINICAL TRIAL Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA65537-04 Eary, Janet F.
Abstract: Sarcoma in adults is a disease with highly variable behavior and response to treatment. While high grade tumors respond well to pre-surgical chemotherapy and surgical resection, tumors of low and intermediate grades have variable response. Additionally, high levels of heterogeneity in sarcomas can render needle biopsy for diagnosis inadequate. These variable areas of tumor also respond differently to chemotherapy. To aid in treatment planning for individual patients, knowledge of tumor grade, heterogeneity in biologic activity, and response to chemotherapy would be of great benefit to the oncologist. In this proposal, we will address these clinical problems using positron emission tomography (PET) to noninvasively assess tumor response to treatment. Using IF-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) we will perform quantitative imaging studies on patients to determine the tumor local FDG metabolic rate (FDGMR). We hypothesize that FDGMR will be a more sensitive indicator of treatment response and tumor grade compared with histology than a simple uptake ratio. To further assess tumor grade and heterogeneity, we will use [C11]thymidine as a marker for quantitating tumor growth (DNA synthetic rate) in patients prior to treatment. Our hypothesis is that tumor response to cytotoxic drugs can be predicted from [C- 11] thymidine utilization, a measure of cell cycle activity in conjunction with FDG, a measure of energy metabolism, conventional histology, flow cytometry and use of immunocytochemical cell proliferation markers. These studies will be performed in patients with all sarcoma tumor grades at the time of disease diagnosis and staging. This proposal focuses on important clinical questions relevant to sarcoma patient management using PET. It will provide insight on the utility of imaging FDG, thymidine and labeled chemotherapeutic agents is solid tumors, but the experience gained will be applicable to other solid tumors. Thesaurus Terms: positron emission tomography, sarcoma cell cycle, clinical trial, glucose metabolism, human therapy evaluation, neoplasm/cancer chemotherapy, neoplasm/cancer classification/staging, noninvasive diagnosis, preoperative state, prognosis, radiation dosage, thymidine flow cytometry, fluorine, histopathology, human subject, radionuclide
214
=ROJECT TITLE BAYESIAN IMAGING FOR IMPROVED NODULE DETECTION Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA60849-05 Floyd, Carey E.
Abstract: The long term goal of this proposal is to improve the early detection of lung cancer by improving the detectability and discrimination of low contrast nodules in digital chest radiographs. Nodule detection is improved by a Bayesian estimation algorithm which increases signal-to- noise (SNR) (and thus detectability) for low contrast nodules. SNR is increased by simultaneous contrast enhancement and noise reduction. Contrast is enhanced by compensating for scattered photons. The appearance of the contrast-enhanced image is natural to a radiologist since it is an extension of the appearance commonly provided by anti-scatter grids. Noise is reduced by including prior information regarding region smoothness through a Gibbs prior distribution which applies a penalty to the variation between neighboring pixels. While this penalty is strong for small variations (to suppress Poisson noise); it is weak for larger variations (to avoid affecting resolution for anatomical structure). The scatter reduced and noise reduced images allow better visualization and decrease the false positive nodule identification since the structured background is easier to interpret. In preliminary work with anatomical phantoms, SNR was increased by a factor of two. This is encouraging when compared to the improvement factor of 1.6 provided by an aggressive anti-scatter grid. Radiologists subjectively rated the images as superior. A preliminary ROC study indicates that the Bayesian processing both increases sensitivity and simultaneously decreases false positive rates. The utility of three types of prior information will be investigated: 1 )the Gibbs prior on the image 2)a line-site model in which region boundaries are estimated and variation is suppressed within but not across the boundaries (maintaining resolution for anatomical structures), and 3)a segmentation model in which region boundaries are assigned through Bayesian classification. The technique will be applied to images acquired both with and
tion methodology/evaluation, diagnosis design/evaluation, diagnosis quality/standard, imaging/visualization, radiodiagnosis computer program/software, computer simulation bioimaging! biomedical imaging, human data, statisticsfoiometry
Institution: Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 1999 Radiology 05-JAN-94 30-APR-01 National Cancer Institute ZRG7
)ROJECT TITLE
METABOLISM AND PO2 IN ISCHEMIC AND HYPOXIC BRAIN Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA6731-03 Dunn, Jeffery F.
Abstract: DESCRIPTION: The investigator proposes a model
and means for studying hypoxia/ischemia protective interventions. Oxygen levels, phosphate metabolites and cerebral blood flow will be studied in experiments that are as parallel as the measurements allow. The problems in making the different measurements at the same time were handled well in the introduction to the revised application. This is a revised application proposing the use of NMR and EPR to probe metabolic parameters related to ischemic and hypoxic brain. Thesaurus Terms: brain metabolism, cerebral ischemia/hypoxia, oxygen consumption, oxygen tension cerebral circulation, oxygen, oxygen transport, phosphate, respiratory oxygenation electron spin resonance spectroscopy, laboratory rat, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, oximetry, ultrasound blood flow measurement
Institution:
Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
1999 Diagnostic Radiology 01-JUL-97 30-JUN-00 National Cancer Institute BBCB
)ROJECT TITLE
DISPLAYS FOR FULL BREAST DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA76564-02 Dwyer, Samuel J.
Abstract: DESCRWFION (Adapted from Applicant's Ab-
stract): Full breast digital mammography (FBDM) has begun to fulfill its promise as a better way to perform diagnostic and screening mammography. Digital mammography permits computer image manipulation, compnter-aided diagnosis, and electronic image transfer. These are the successes, but today there is a need for a display modality that is compatible with digital mammograms. There are two possibilities: laser-printed film and the interactive grayscale workstation. Each is a compromise, compared to original FBDM data. The laser-printed film does not permit a full range of computer enhancements, while the grayscale workstation does not present enough images, nor enough spatial resolution. Each choice has serious economic implications. There are many scientific tasks on the road to finding an optimum way to use the displays in mammographic interpretation. The objective of this research is to find a good set of parameters for putting the image in front of the mammographer, to test the diagnostic accuracy of the chosen parameters, comparing the two modalities, to create a model that will enable us to see how the choices of display modality affect examination throughput and, therefore, cost. The applicants proposed to collect 40 normal and 40 abnormal full breast digital FBDM examinations, create protocols for the laser-film printer and the grayscale monitor, and test the protocols with the FBDM examinations. They proposed to develop a model, which includes diagnostic accuracy, throughput and cost, and use the data collected with the marmnographic examination interpretation to refine the model. They would then collect 100 normal and 100 abnormal examinations to test the chosen protocols for the display modalities for their diagnostic accuracy and their throughput rates. Thesaurus Terms: biomedical equipment development,
computer assisted diagnosis, diagnosis design/evaluation, digital imaging, image enhancement, information display, mammography bioimaging/biomedical imaging, human tissue
Institution:
University of Virginia Charlottesville Charlottesville, VA 22903
213
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
1999 Radiology 01-JUL-98 30-JUN-01 National Cancer Institute DMG
}ROJECT TITLE
Institution:
Fiscal Year: Department: Project Start: Project End: ICD: IRG:
University of Washington 3935 University Way NE Seattle, WA 98195 1998 Radiology 14-AU G-95 31-MAY-00 National Cancer Institute RNM
PET IN SARCOMAmA CLINICAL TRIAL Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA65537-04 Eary, Janet F.
Abstract: Sarcoma in adults is a disease with highly variable behavior and response to treatment. While high grade tumors respond well to pre-surgical chemotherapy and surgical resection, tumors of low and intermediate grades have variable response. Additionally, high levels of heterogeneity in sarcomas can render needle biopsy for diagnosis inadequate. These variable areas of tumor also respond differently to chemotherapy. To aid in treatment planning for individual patients, knowledge of tumor grade, heterogeneity in biologic activity, and response to chemotherapy would be of great benefit to the oncologist. In this proposal, we will address these clinical problems using positron emission tomography (PET) to noninvasively assess tumor response to treatment. Using IF-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) we will perform quantitative imaging studies on patients to determine the tumor local FDG metabolic rate (FDGMR). We hypothesize that FDGMR will be a more sensitive indicator of treatment response and tumor grade compared with histology than a simple uptake ratio. To further assess tumor grade and heterogeneity, we will use [C11]thymidine as a marker for quantitating tumor growth (DNA synthetic rate) in patients prior to treatment. Our hypothesis is that tumor response to cytotoxic drugs can be predicted from [C- 11] thymidine utilization, a measure of cell cycle activity in conjunction with FDG, a measure of energy metabolism, conventional histology, flow cytometry and use of immunocytochemical cell proliferation markers. These studies will be performed in patients with all sarcoma tumor grades at the time of disease diagnosis and staging. This proposal focuses on important clinical questions relevant to sarcoma patient management using PET. It will provide insight on the utility of imaging FDG, thymidine and labeled chemotherapeutic agents is solid tumors, but the experience gained will be applicable to other solid tumors. Thesaurus Terms: positron emission tomography, sarcoma cell cycle, clinical trial, glucose metabolism, human therapy evaluation, neoplasm/cancer chemotherapy, neoplasm/cancer classification/staging, noninvasive diagnosis, preoperative state, prognosis, radiation dosage, thymidine flow cytometry, fluorine, histopathology, human subject, radionuclide
214
=ROJECT TITLE BAYESIAN IMAGING FOR IMPROVED NODULE DETECTION Grant Number: PI Name:
5R01CA60849-05 Floyd, Carey E.
Abstract: The long term goal of this proposal is to improve the early detection of lung cancer by improving the detectability and discrimination of low contrast nodules in digital chest radiographs. Nodule detection is improved by a Bayesian estimation algorithm which increases signal-to- noise (SNR) (and thus detectability) for low contrast nodules. SNR is increased by simultaneous contrast enhancement and noise reduction. Contrast is enhanced by compensating for scattered photons. The appearance of the contrast-enhanced image is natural to a radiologist since it is an extension of the appearance commonly provided by anti-scatter grids. Noise is reduced by including prior information regarding region smoothness through a Gibbs prior distribution which applies a penalty to the variation between neighboring pixels. While this penalty is strong for small variations (to suppress Poisson noise); it is weak for larger variations (to avoid affecting resolution for anatomical structure). The scatter reduced and noise reduced images allow better visualization and decrease the false positive nodule identification since the structured background is easier to interpret. In preliminary work with anatomical phantoms, SNR was increased by a factor of two. This is encouraging when compared to the improvement factor of 1.6 provided by an aggressive anti-scatter grid. Radiologists subjectively rated the images as superior. A preliminary ROC study indicates that the Bayesian processing both increases sensitivity and simultaneously decreases false positive rates. The utility of three types of prior information will be investigated: 1 )the Gibbs prior on the image 2)a line-site model in which region boundaries are estimated and variation is suppressed within but not across the boundaries (maintaining resolution for anatomical structures), and 3)a segmentation model in which region boundaries are assigned through Bayesian classification. The technique will be applied to images acquired both with and