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Proposal discharging station compatible with CHAdeMO automotive standard ⁎
Proceedings, 15th IFAC Conference on Proceedings, 15th IFAC Conference on Proceedings, 15th IFAC Conference on Programmable Devices Embedded Proceedings, 15th IFAC and Conference on Systems Proceedings, IFAC Conference on Programmable15th Devices and Embedded Systemsonline at www.sciencedirect.com Programmable Devices and Embedded Systems Available Ostrava, Czech Republic, May 23-25, 2018 Programmable Devices and Embedded Systems Programmable Devices and Embedded Systems Proceedings, 15th IFAC Conference on Ostrava, Czech Republic, May 23-25, 2018 Ostrava, Czech Republic, May 23-25, 2018 Ostrava, Czech Czech Devices Republic, May 23-25, 2018 2018 Ostrava, Republic, May 23-25, Programmable and Embedded Systems Ostrava, Czech Republic, May 23-25, 2018
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IFAC PapersOnLine 51-6 (2018) 277–282
Proposal discharging station compatible Proposal discharging station compatible Proposal discharging station compatible with CHAdeMO automotive standard with CHAdeMO automotive standard Proposal discharging station compatible with CHAdeMO automotive standard ∗ ∗∗ withMikolajek CHAdeMO automotive standard ∗∗∗ Martin ∗ ∗ David Vala ∗∗ ∗∗ Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗ ∗∗∗
Martin Mikolajek ∗∗ David Vala Freiedrischkova ∗∗ Kristyna ∗∗∗ Martin David Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗ † ∗∗∗ Martin Mikolajek Mikolajek David Vala Vala Kristyna Freiedrischkova Jiri Koziorek Horak ∗∗∗∗ † Martin Mikolajek David Vala Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗∗ Bohumil † Jiri Koziorek Bohumil Horak ∗∗∗∗ Bohumil † Jiri Koziorek Horak ∗ ∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ † Jiri Koziorek Koziorek Bohumil Horak Martin Mikolajek David Vala Bohumil Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗ Jiri Horak ∗∗∗∗ ∗ Jiri Koziorek Bohumil Horak † ∗ ∗ VSB VSB TU TU Ostrava, Ostrava, FEI, FEI, Department Department of of Cybernetics Cybernetics and and Biomedical Biomedical ∗ TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical ∗ VSB VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Biomedical Engineering, 17 Listopadu Listopadu 15, 15, Ostrava Ostrava 70833, 70833, Czech Czech Republic. Republic. (e-mail: Engineering, 17 (e-mail: ∗ Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. [email protected]) VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗ [email protected]) [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: ∗∗ ∗∗ [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ ∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) [email protected]) ∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗ ∗∗∗ (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † ∗∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ † (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The paper about proposal battery discharging station for using Abstract: The The paper paper is is about about proposal proposal battery battery discharging discharging station station for for automotive automotive using using Abstract: Abstract: Thestandard. paper is is The aboutarticle proposal battery discharging station forof automotive automotive using by CHAdeMO talks about this and other types electric batteries Abstract: The paper is about proposal battery discharging station for automotive using by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries by standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries by CHAdeMO The article talks about this and other types electric batteries sockets for electric cars. main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create Abstract: Thestandard. paper about proposal battery discharging station forof using by CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of automotive electric batteries sockets for electric electric cars.isThe The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create sockets for cars. The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages by CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking standard about main points for create create discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication has some advantages discharging station CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages discharging station by by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with bus communication sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking aboutCan main for create discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages and disadvantages. disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with with Can buspoints communication and This article contain using recharger socket Can bus communication and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with Can has bussome communication standard. First parts of this paper talks about proposal of discharging station. Continuing discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard advantages and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with Can bus communication standard. First First parts parts of of this this paper paper talks talks about about proposal proposal of of discharging discharging station. station. Continuing Continuing standard. standard. First parts of this paper talks about proposal of station. Continuing chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery station. and disadvantages. This contain using recharger socket with Can bus communication standard. First parts of article this talks about proposal of discharging discharging station. Continuing chapters are about realized andpaper testing discharging automotive battery station. chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery station. chapters about realized and testing discharging automotive battery standard. First parts of this talks about proposal of discharging station. Continuing chapters are are about realized andpaper testing discharging automotive battery station. station. © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevierstation. Ltd. All rights reserved. chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery Keywords: discharging station, CAN, electric car, battery management, PLC, automotive Keywords: discharging discharging station, station, CAN, CAN, electric electric car, car, battery battery management, management, PLC, PLC, automotive automotive Keywords: Keywords: discharging station, station, CAN, CAN, electric electric car, car, battery battery management, management, PLC, PLC, automotive automotive electric connection. Keywords: discharging electric connection. connection. electric electric connection. Keywords: discharging station, CAN, electric car, battery management, PLC, automotive electric connection. electric1.connection. INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main subject subject 1. nected electric device. This problematic is subject 1. nected electric Energy device. to This problematic is ismain main subject of this article. from battery car transmitted 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main subject of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted of this this article. Energy to from batteryIncar car ismain transmitted to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. normal situation 1. INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is subject Each electric car contains a huge battery with can be can of article. Energy to from battery is transmitted to CHAdeMo CHAdeMo socket socket over over contactor. contactor. In In normal normal situation situation Each electric electric car car contains contains aa huge huge battery battery with with can can be be can can to Each to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation battery is disconnected from charging socket. This is of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted Each electric car contains aathan huge battery with can be can be used also for other uses as only like energy for the to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation Each electric car contains huge battery with can be can battery is is disconnected disconnected from from charging charging socket. socket. This This is is a a safe safe be used used also also for for other other uses uses than than as as only only like like energy energy for for the the battery a safe be battery is disconnected from charging socket. This is a solution especially during car accident because the socket to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation be used also for other uses than as only like energy for the own car moving. Recent years shows increasing count of isespecially disconnected from charging socket. This issocket a safe safe Each electric carother contains athan huge with cancount be can be also for usesyears asbattery onlyincreasing like energy for the solution during car accident because the ownused car moving. Recent shows of battery solution especially during car accident because the socket own car moving. Recent years shows increasing count of solution especially during carcharging accident because the socket is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected isespecially disconnected from socket. This issocket a safe own car moving. Recent years shows of battery electric for using in traffic. The cars are solution during car accident because the be used also for normal other uses than as onlyincreasing like many energycount for the own carcars moving. Recent years shows increasing count of is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are is voltage. The electric contactor can connected electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are is without without voltage. The electric contactor can be be the connected only after the control units communication signal especially during carreceive accident because socket electric cars for normal using in traffic. The cars are used only for city track and capacities of battery is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected own moving. Recent years increasing of solution electric cars forshort normal in shows traffic. The many many cars are only after the control units receive communication signal used car only for short cityusing track and capacities ofcount battery only after the control units receive communication signal used only for short city track and capacities of battery only after the control units receive communication signal from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected used only for short city track and capacities of planned battery contain more energy than required energy for only after the control units receive communication signal electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are used only for short city track and capacities of battery the charger over charging socket. We use the battery contain more more energy energy than than required required energy energy for for planned planned from from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery contain from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery connection using a standard charging socket therefore our only after the control units receive communication signal contain more energy than required energy for planned track. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery used only for short city track and capacities of battery contain more energy than required energy for planned connection using a standard charging socket therefore our track. Therefore Therefore comes comes from from the the idea idea how how we we can can connect connect connection using aapowered standard charging socket therefore our track. connection using standard charging socket therefore our connected device by car battery must communifrom the charger over charging socket. We use the battery track. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This connection using a standard charging socket therefore our contain more energy than required energy for planned track. Therefore comes from the idea how wedevices. can connect connected device powered by car battery must communibattery from electric car to other electronic This connected device powered by car battery must communibattery from electric car to other electronic devices. This connected device powered by car battery must communicate by same instructions like charging station. For battery connection using a standard charging socket therefore our battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This knowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located connected device powered by car battery must communitrack. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This cate by by same same instructions instructions like like charging charging station. station. For For battery battery knowledge shut shut be be useful useful when when the the electric electric car car is is located located cate knowledge cate by same instructions like charging station. For battery control management is used several wires and CAN bus connected device powered by car battery must communiknowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located on the spot without electricity. We can thinking about cate by same instructions like charging station. For battery battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This knowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located management is used several wires and CAN bus on the the spot spot without without electricity. electricity. We We can can thinking thinking about about control control management is used several wires and CAN bus on control management ispaper used several analyze wires and CAN bus communication. This communicacate by same instructions like contain charging station. For battery on the without electricity. We can thinking about camping area, or like energy source for like management is used several wires and CAN bus knowledge shut useful when the car house is located on the spot spot without electricity. Weelectric canfamily thinking about communication. This paper contain analyze communicacamping area, orbelike like energy source for family house like control communication. This paper contain analyze communicacamping area, or energy source for family house like communication. This paper contain analyze communication for charging sequences and practical testing of how the control management is used several wires and CAN bus camping area, or like energy source for family house like backup energy source during electricity provider probcommunication. This paper contain analyze communicaon the spot without electricity. We can thinking about camping area, orsource like energy for family houseproblike tion for sequences and practical testing of the backup energy energy duringsource electricity provider tion for charging charging sequences and practical testing of how how the backup source during electricity provider probtion for charging sequences and practical testing of how the battery contactor can be activated for connected electric communication. This paper contain analyze communicabackup energy source during electricity provider problems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. tion for charging sequences and practical testing of how the camping area, or like energy source for family house like backup energy source during electricity provider probbattery contactor can be activated for connected electric lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. tion for charging sequences and practical testing of how lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et al. (2012), Friedrischkov battery contactor can be activated for connected electric backup energy source during electricity provider problems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. device powered powered by by car car battery battery by by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO socket. socket. the (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al. al. (2012), (2012), Friedrischkov Friedrischkov et et al. al. device (2015b),Kaczmarczyk device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et al. (2012), Friedrischkov et al. (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) . device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al.al.(2012), et al. (2015) Barnola-Sampera Barnola-Sampera (2014) Friedrischkov (2015) (2014) ... 2. TYPES CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al.al. (2012), Friedrischkov et al. device (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) . 2. FOR 2. TYPES TYPES CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT HIGH-CURRENT This problem can be looks like simple process, but it is not 2. FOR CHARGING This problem problem can be be looks looksetlike like simple process, but it it is is not not 2. TYPES TYPES CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT HIGH-CURRENT (2015) Barnola-Sampera al. simple (2014) process, . This can but CHARGING This problem can be looks like simple process, but it is not CHARGING true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains This problem can be about looks like simple vehicle process,that butcontains it is not CHARGING 2. TYPES CONNECTIONS FOR true. We are talking a certified CHARGING HIGH-CURRENT true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains true. We talking aa certified vehicle that contains a battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect This problem can be about looks like simple process, butcontains it is not 2.1 Introduction to problematic true. We are are talking about certified that CHARGING a battery battery somewhere in the the car. It is isvehicle impossible connect a somewhere in car. It impossible connect 2.1 Introduction to problematic aa battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect to battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple 2.1 Introduction to problematic true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect 2.1 Introduction to problematic to battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple 2.1 Introduction to problematic to battery directly. This problem canis be looks like like simple simple to battery directly. This problem can be looks process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket a battery somewhere in the car. It impossible to battery directly. problem can looks likeconnect simple ThisIntroduction research only of aa DC connection to provide process, but it is is not notThis true. Especially forbe CHAdeMO socket 2.1 to speaks problematic process, but it true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket research only speaks of connection to provide process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using. Each electric car has own batteries status measureto battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple This research only speaks of aa aDC DC connection to provide process, but electric it is not car true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket This This research only speaks of DC connection to provide power from a car battery to connected device. Each using. Each Each has own batteries batteries status measuremeasureThis research only speaks of a DC connection to provide using. electric car has own status power from aa car battery to aa connected device. Each using. Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. These systems keep batterers in good condition. process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket power from car battery to connected device. Each using. Each electric car has own batteries status measurepower from a car battery to a connected device. electric vehicle has one of several charging standards. Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. This research only speaks of a DC connection to provide power from a has car one battery to a charging connectedstandards. device. Each Each ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. electric vehicle of several Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. using. Each electric car has own batteries status measureelectric vehicle has one of several charging standards. Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. electric vehicle has one of several several charging standards. Can be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric electric car car has has own own batteries batteries status status measurement. measurement. power from a car battery to a connected device. Each electric vehicle has one of charging standards. Can Each be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. be used used DC or or AC AC charging. This research talks only about DC connection for provide energy from car battery to Especially for for CHAdeMO CHAdeMO socket socket using, using, access access to to electrical electrical electric vehicle has one of several charging standards. be DC charging. This research talks only about Especially DC connection connection for for provide provide energy energy from from car car battery batteryCan to Especially for CHAdeMO using, access to energy is sophisticated. Each has ownsocket batteries status measurement. to Especially for car CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical electrical DC DC connection for provide energy from car battery to connected device. energyelectric is sophisticated. sophisticated. be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about DC connection for provide energy from car battery to energy is connected device. device. energy is sophisticated. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical connected energy is sophisticated. connected device. DC connection for provide energy from car battery to During connected by CHAdeMO connector is requested connected device. car producer chooses some charger standard, like During isconnected connected by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO connector connector is is requested requested Each energy sophisticated. During by Each car producer chooses some charger standard, like connected device. During connected by CHAdeMO connector is requested continuous data exchange by CAN bus between car batEach car producer chooses some charger standard, like During connected by CHAdeMO is requested Each chooses some standard, like CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data exchange exchange by CAN CANconnector bus between between car batbat- CHAdeMO, Each car car producer producer chooses some charger charger standard, like continuous data by bus car CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data by CAN bus car battery management unit and battery charger or During connected by CHAdeMO is other requested CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data exchange exchange by CANconnector bus between between car conbat- CHAdeMO, CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unit and battery charger or other conEach car producer chooses some charger standard, like CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric tery management unit and battery charger or other concars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unit battery or other continuous data exchange by CAN charger bus between car conbat- cars Mouli et al. (2016) .. includes Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unitinand and battery charger or and other con cars Mouli et al. (2016) Combo CCS socket allows DC and AC charging. Sockets contact for own chargCHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric This work was realised cooperation with Teco as. CENET cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own charg This work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET tery management unit and battery charger or other conand AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own chargThis work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own charging energy and controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC This work work was realised realised in in cooperation cooperation with with Teco Teco as. as. and and CENET CENET and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own chargThis was ing energy and controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava ing energy and controls Only VSB-TU Ostrava ing and communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava and AC charging. Socketscommunications includes contact contacts. for own charging energy energy and controls controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava This work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET energy and Ltd. controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Copyright © 277 ing 2405-8963Ostrava © 2018 2018, IFAC IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier All rights reserved. Copyright © 2018 277 Copyright © under 2018 IFAC IFAC 277 Control. Peer review responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 277 Copyright © 2018 2018 IFAC IFAC 277 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.07.166 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 277
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like massages from car to station ID: 100,101,102 and from station to car ID 108,109. The CAN bus reports provide information shows on (Table 2). Table 2. CAN messages
Fig. 1. Standardised plugs types CHAdeMO socket standard contains contact for CAN bus communication. Overview of maximum theoretical voltage and power for standards show (Table 1). Table 1. Charging standard used in EU Standard CHAdeMO (normal) CHAdeMO (limit) CCS type 1 CCS type 2 Combo CCS Tesla Supercharger GB
Type DC DC DC DC DC/AC DC DC
Voltage 500 V 500 V 600 V 850 V 600 V
Current 125 A 200 A 200 A 200 A 200 A
Power 62,5 kW 100 kW 120 kW 170 kW 120 kW
750 V
250 A
187,5 kW
ID Data Electric car to battery charger ID 100 maximum voltage of battery ID 101 maximum time of charge, estimation time of charge, capacity of battery ID 102 number of CHAdeMO protocol, voltage, actual current, error messages, status messages, delivered energy Battery charger to electric car ID 108 Socket identification, maximal provide voltage, maximal provide current, threshold voltage ID 109 number of CHAdeMO protocol, actual provided voltage, actual current, status and error messages, and remaining charging time
3. COMMUNICATION DETECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS OF USED PROTOCOL DURING CHARGING ELECTRIC CAR BY CHADEMO STANDARD USING
2.2 CHAdeMO standard Described research was realized on car with CHAdeMO standard. This part contains more specific information about this socket. The information about CHAdeMO standard is provided by IEEE Standard Technical Specifications of a DC Quick Charger for Use with Electric Vehicles. Documentation contains information about starting connections sequences and CAN BUS messages specification. The initial sequence has this parts: (1) Detection cable connection by proximity wire. (2) Activating charge sequence signal 1, 2. (3) The electric car send information about battery status by CAN bus. (4) Connected station by CHAdeMO standard receives message and confirms information (5) Send message request for switching on contactor by specific CAN message. (6) Battery charging or discharging Charger socket CHadeMO contains this contacts: (1) Charge sequence signal 1 - start signal (2) Charge sequence signal 2 - start signal (3) Connector proximity detection - information about connected cable (4) Vehicle charge permission - feedback from car (5) Communications signal CAN H a CAN L
First practical part of this paper is about analyse CAN bus protocol and starting sequences during charging process. This practical research was created by certificated charger using. It is very useful part of research for design own discharger station. This test required some CAN bus listening device, electric car with CHAdeMO standard and certificated charging station. We had to design a listening device for this CAN BUS listening test. 3.1 Requests and results for CAN bus listening Designing device for this test has several criteria. Has to be keep electrical safety. CAN bus listening device must not influence CAN communication between charging station and electric car. For test was used electric car Nissan leaf. Connection was realized by standard CHAdeMO cables. But electric car was connection to recharge by special cable. That provided CAN bus connection by CAN bus - USB adapter. The block scheme is on (Fig. 2). CAN bus listening was realized by CAN-USB adapter and PC using. The CAN was running in ”Listening Mode”. After that in this mode does not affect receiving communication messages between recharger and electric car. During charging are not confirmed by USB-CAN adapter interface.
2.3 CHAdeMO CAN bus protocol The CHAdeMO CAN bus communication is created by own messages. Each message has a specific CAN address and contains important information for the charging process. Own messages contains information using by 8 byte. Protocol specification several ID address. We can select 278
Fig. 2. . Testing connection for CAN bus reading during battery charging CHAdeMO CAN bus has for this test these parameters:
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Table 3. Block diagram for discharging station shows Type of communication frame: Communication speed Bit rate: Listening mode:
2.0A 500 kbps active
Fig. 4. Measured current by electric car and recharging station
Fig. 3. Captured data by USB-CAN adapter For data analysis was used software USB-CAN adapter V4.15. (Fig. 3). Data examples from Can bus during charging process shows (Table 4). Table 4. CAN bus data analysis
Fig. 5. Block diagram for discharging station 4.1 Description of realised discharger
Like the main control unit was chosen czech PLC TECOMAT Foxtrot CP-1004 with CAN bus communication Line Arrival Time [ms] ID [Hex] Data [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ] module SC-1102, Menneks AC charging module controller 1 11:44:03.789 100 00 00 00 00 B3 01 F0 00 C-EV-0302M. For measurements are our station equipped 2 11:44:03.799 101 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 with fast power analyser SMC 118 with DC current probe 3 11:44:03.809 102 02 9A 01 00 00 C8 03 00 based on Hall effect.There are two fast power meter CThe insulation status is checked before charging. The EM-0401M for me measured on AC side equipped with charging station gradually increases the voltage and con- current transformer. For test we used programmable electrols the leakage current. In this recharge cycle, the bit tronic load EA-EL 9400-150 with parameters 400V DC/ status ID 109 is byte 5, which allows charging in state 0. 7000W. In the future test is plan connect to power supply After the insulation test, the charging cycle starts. The network by DC/AC convector, stalwartly used as solar mentioned bit status is activated into the log. 1. (charging panel inverter. PLC controls and monitors these signals: status). The status bit Charging stop control is deacti- Charge sequence signal 1, Charge sequence signal 2, Convated with log.1 per log. 0. During our test we gained all nector proximity detection, Vehicle charge permission. important data for recharging process. For example (Fig. Program for communication has same CAN bus structure 4) shows actual current measured by car and charging sta- like recharging station. PLC also control support signal tion. The maximum difference between charging current and functionality as plug lock or connection detection. measured by car and current measured by station is one During the start of discharging PLC also control signals to CHAdeMO standard cable by output cart and relay ampere. contacts. The switch board inside 19” cabinet is shown on After this knowledge research could continued with design figure 6. Inside the Foxtrot PLC is build-in web server to and testing own discharging device. control an visualise discharging station. This user interface allow connection form remote device and also control 4. PROPOSAL FOR CAR DISCHARGING DEVICE of discharging or charging vehicle within dependency of BY CHADEMO installed or simulated infrastructure. WEB based graphics user interface is on figure. This section contains own solution for design discharge station and own testing. The device must have to be 4.2 Discharger test equipped CHAdeMO socket and CAN communication standard and voltage converter up to powered device. We did several discharging tests. For the tests was used programmable electronic load with direct connection Block diagram for discharging station shows (Fig. 5) 279
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in safety option and also limits for using in charging process of electric vehicles. Standard for discharging is published yet, but from published information is clear that this option is possible from hardware point of view of CHAdeMO standard. Also well know system as LEAF to HOME comply this idea. The car with CHAdeMO standard has a program part for evaluation current deviation between parameters about actuals charging current and request current. In the case assessment curent value under or upper limit. Electric car sends error message with ID 102 on CAN bus to charger station. The critical difference for generate error mistake of charging current depends on the CHAdeMO charge controller number. For case of chargers CHAdeMO control protocol number is 0x00. Electric car generates a error message if charging current is 12A above the request current for 1 seconds. For cases 0x01 or higher CHAdeMO control protocol number. Electric car generates a error message also in case if charging current is 12A bellow the request current for 1 seconds. Therefore we had for discharging station test used the 0x00 protocol number. 4.4 Missing data Big differer between the versions of the CHAdeMO standard is different data in the CAN communication. When is necessary used protocol coded as 0x00 we lost a lot of information about connected vehicles. especially on board voltage, state of charge information is limited, thresholds is simplified etc. Disadvantage of this is also unable to changing protocol version during the connection and is necessary at least virtual (trough the relays) disconnected the vehicle, change the version and connected back.
Fig. 6. Switchboard with PLC and circuit breaker trough DC fuses to power pins in CHAdeMO connector. Electronic Load was set to constant power mode. Due high capacity of battery in electric vehicle where voltage and current close to constant for each test. Voltage drop was cause mainly due internal battery resistance and cable resistance. First test was discharging power 1kW. Next test was on 3500W and 6kW. On figure 7 showed setting control panell of electronic load for discharging station for 3500W .
4.5 Dynamic property Dynamic of current respectively power during the discharging is not defined in CHAdeMO specification. During our tests was dynamic of power output limited only by capability of used electronic load EA-EL 9400-150. step response was not measured yet due lack of suitable instruments. Because of the connection direct to the electric vehicle batteries trough the CHAdeMO socket we doesn’t suppose any limitation by the vehicle circuit. Table 5. Charging sequence Step
Charger station
1 2 3 4
Switch (d1) ON
5
Charging Stop OFF Charging Stop ON Charging Stop ON
6
Fig. 7. Discharging station controls 4.3 Way to ’hack’ to discharge vehicle Today exist (bester say is published) different version of CHAdeMO protocol. Each versions have difference 280
Vehicle Switch(k) active
Switch (d2) ON Car status OFF, Rellay ON
7 8 9
Charger status OFF
10 11
Switch (d2) OFF Switch (d1) OFF
Vehicle charging enabled OFF Switch(k) OFF Rellay ON/OFF Car status ON, Rellay OFF
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4.6 Explanation of CHAdeMO discharging process Our tested CHAdeMO discharging process is based on the standard charging process defined by the version code 0x00. As is on figure 8 and in corresponding table 5. At the beginning is the vehicle physically connected to the station by the CHAdeMO plug. Than is by the software in PLC connected appropriate signal wire stimulated vehicle electronic to accept connection. This is not in according with CHAdeMO specification, but is our small hack to be able reset connection by software. Next step according with CHAdeMO specification is marked by 1 on figure 8. Steps 2 and 3 on figure 8 is for insulation test and could be skipped if not safety check is not required. In commercial application should be done due electric safety for public user. In the state between the mark 4 and 5 on figure 8 are batteries of electric vehicles directly connected to the power pin of the CHAdeMO socket. This part of the CHAdeMO charging process we are used also fr the discharging. It is necessary periodically check voltage on the socket and the setting appropriate value in the CAN communication as is described in table 2. CAN packed are directly monitored on Foxtrot PLC trough build in WEB server (Figure 9). 5. FUTURE WORK During the tested we are discovered several unspecified behaviour of our electric vehicle which will be subjected to tests in short future. Especial we are interested of dynamic property of charging and discharging vehicle in the difference state of charge, minimizing connection time, speed up protocol version change. Very interesting for us is also behaviour of changing form the charging to discharging mode. In our test site we have prepared gird and island connection of the vehicle to the real simulated loads as well as monitoring of electric quality monitoring. Our goal is fully integrated standard commercial electric vehicle to the power infrastructure of the building and also as the part of the power grid to improve stability Jampeethong and Khomfoi (2015) Pathipati et al. (2015) and cost effective regulation of the gird and/or powering of home appliance. Bradac et al. (2015) Horak et al. (2013) Misak and Prokop
Fig. 9. Online visualisation on Foxtrot PLC (2010) Prokop and Misak (2012). Interaction with micro smart grid or island system Prokop and Misak (2012) will be next task to testing of using electric car as power source when other sources are unavailable. Idzkowski et al. (2016) From the software point of view are next tasks better visualisation of charging proses and grid monitoring to be able to detailed study of energy exchange between building and vehicle. Also direct integration to the buildings trough WEB and TCP/IP or TCP/UDP protocol increase ability of study interaction of booth systems and users. Also possibility of the directly integrated KNX interconnection (or several another standard) open new possibilities of energy management. These results will be critical to understand of possibilities in commercial application. 6. CONCLUSION With our commercial electric vehicles (one of them is shown on figure 10) we are tested possibilities of using CHAdeMO standard to switch electric vehicle to back up energy source. This is main changes comparing to our previous work (Friedrischkova et al., 2015a, Friedrischkov et al. (2015) or Friedrischkova et al. (2015b) when we used our electric vehicle based on Kaipan (Horak et al., 2013) chassis whit proprietary charging interfaces and socked. We are also interested in funny electric vehicles project like Slanina et al. (2016), Slanina and Docekal (2016).
Fig. 10. One of used car - Nissan Leaf By our tests was simulated of using electric vehicle with standard commercial charging interface for covering power
Fig. 8. Charging / Discharging sequence 281
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K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and B. Horak. The use an electric vehicle as a power source. volume 1, pages 164– 170, 2015b. K. Friedrischkov, D. Vala, and B. Hork. Testing of the traction batteries in electric vehicles and their further use. volume 48, pages 272–277, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.046. Results described in this contribution is base for next B. Horak, D. Minarik, K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and development of this techniques, when commercial electric J. Kazarik. The development of drive units for electric vehicle can feed wide range of equipments or complete cars kaipan voltage. pages 753–758, 2013. house. Our research is also aimed to full integration of Adam Idzkowski, Katarzyna Leoniuk, and Wojciech . building control standard to charging infrastructure to be Monitoring of the electrical parameters in off-grid solar able communicated energy demands in whole infrastrucpower system. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, PHOTONICS ture. APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS If you are interested in our tests and research of using EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume 0031 of Proceedings of electric vehicle as the part of electricity grid feel free to SPIE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106-0485-8. contact us and cooperated on our research. P. Jampeethong and S. Khomfoi. An EV Quick Charger Based on CHAdeMO Standard with Grid-support FuncACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tion. In 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSBecause of multidisciplinary base of this topic, this work is TEMS (ICEMS), International Conference on Electrical supported from different projects, where biggest subvenMachines and Systems ICEMS, pages 531–536, 2015. tion come from following: ISBN 978-1-4799-8805-1. This work was supported by the project SP2018/160 V. Kaczmarczyk, P. Fiedler, R. tohl, and Z. Brad. Electric vehicles charger as a part of home area network. - Development of algorithms and systems for control, volume 11, pages 180–185, 2012. measurement and safety applications IV of Student Grant S. Misak and L. Prokop. Off-grid power systems. pages System, VSB-TU Ostrava. 14–17, 2010. doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2010.5490003. This work was supported by the project SP2018/183 - Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Johan Kaptein, Pavol Control of power systems with renewable and alternative Bauer, and Miro Zeman. Implementation of Dynamic energy sources of Student Grant System, VSB-TU OsCharging and V2G using Chademo and CCS/Combo trava. DC charging standard. In 2016 IEEE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE This work was supported by the European Regional DevelAND EXPO (ITEC). IEEE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5090opment Fund in the Research Centre of Advanced Mecha0403-4. tronic Systems project, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16 019/0000867 within the Operational Programme Research, Develop- Vamsi Krishna Pathipati, Najath Abdul Azeez, and Sheldon S. Williamson. Standalone DC Level-1 EV Charging ment and Education. using PV/Grid Infrastructure, MPPT Algorithm and And finally we would like say thanks to TECO a.s and CHAdeMO Protocol. In IECON 2015 - 41ST ANNUAL CENET Centre of Energy Utilization of Non-traditional CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECEnergy Sources of VSB-TU Ostrava for cooperation on TRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Sothis project. ciety, pages 5408–5414, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4799-1762-4. L. Prokop and S. Misak. Off - grid energy concept of family house. volume 2, pages 753–758, 2012. Zdenek Slanina and Tomas Docekal. Energy monitoring and managing for electromobility purposes. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume 0031 of Proceedings of SPIE, REFERENCES 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106-0485-8. M. Barnola-Sampera, D. Heredero-Peris, R. Villafafila- Zdenek Slanina, Jan Dedek, and Matej Golembiovsky. Robles, D. Montesinos-Miracle, J. Bergas-Jane, and Electric scooter pilot project. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, N. Vidal-Tejedor. Charging/discharging process for elecPHOTONICS APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, tric vehicles: proposal and emulation. In 2014 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGHINTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONFERENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume ENCE (IEVC), 2014. ISBN 978-1-4799-6075-0. 0031 of Proceedings of SPIE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106Z. Bradac, V. Kaczmarczyk, and P. Fiedler. Optimal 0485-8. scheduling of domestic appliances via milp. Energies, 8(1):217–232, 2015. doi: 10.3390/en8010217. K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and B. Horak. Accumulation system of electric vehicle and its secondary exploitation. 2015a. doi: 10.1109/IYCE.2015.7180755. peek in home and industrial application. Electric vehicles are able to feed complete installation of family house or houses at least for time necessary to start up conventional backup unit. Published charging standards are not primary designed for this way of operation but it’s possible to hack it by this way.
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Proposal discharging station compatible Proposal discharging station compatible Proposal discharging station compatible with CHAdeMO automotive standard with CHAdeMO automotive standard Proposal discharging station compatible with CHAdeMO automotive standard ∗ ∗∗ withMikolajek CHAdeMO automotive standard ∗∗∗ Martin ∗ ∗ David Vala ∗∗ ∗∗ Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗ ∗∗∗
Martin Mikolajek ∗∗ David Vala Freiedrischkova ∗∗ Kristyna ∗∗∗ Martin David Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗ † ∗∗∗ Martin Mikolajek Mikolajek David Vala Vala Kristyna Freiedrischkova Jiri Koziorek Horak ∗∗∗∗ † Martin Mikolajek David Vala Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗∗ Bohumil † Jiri Koziorek Bohumil Horak ∗∗∗∗ Bohumil † Jiri Koziorek Horak ∗ ∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ † Jiri Koziorek Koziorek Bohumil Horak Martin Mikolajek David Vala Bohumil Kristyna Freiedrischkova ∗∗∗ Jiri Horak ∗∗∗∗ ∗ Jiri Koziorek Bohumil Horak † ∗ ∗ VSB VSB TU TU Ostrava, Ostrava, FEI, FEI, Department Department of of Cybernetics Cybernetics and and Biomedical Biomedical ∗ TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical ∗ VSB VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Biomedical Engineering, 17 Listopadu Listopadu 15, 15, Ostrava Ostrava 70833, 70833, Czech Czech Republic. Republic. (e-mail: Engineering, 17 (e-mail: ∗ Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. [email protected]) VSB TU Ostrava, FEI, Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗ [email protected]) [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) Engineering, 17 Listopadu 15, Ostrava 70833, Czech Republic. (e-mail: ∗∗ ∗∗ [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ ∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) [email protected]) ∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗ [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗ ∗∗∗ (e-mail: (e-mail: [email protected]) [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † ∗∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ ∗∗∗∗ (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) ∗∗∗∗ † (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) (e-mail: [email protected]) † (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The paper about proposal battery discharging station for using Abstract: The The paper paper is is about about proposal proposal battery battery discharging discharging station station for for automotive automotive using using Abstract: Abstract: Thestandard. paper is is The aboutarticle proposal battery discharging station forof automotive automotive using by CHAdeMO talks about this and other types electric batteries Abstract: The paper is about proposal battery discharging station for automotive using by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries by standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries by CHAdeMO The article talks about this and other types electric batteries sockets for electric cars. main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create Abstract: Thestandard. paper about proposal battery discharging station forof using by CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of automotive electric batteries sockets for electric electric cars.isThe The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create sockets for cars. The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for create sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking about main points for discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages by CHAdeMO standard. The article talks about this and other types of electric batteries sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking standard about main points for create create discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication has some advantages discharging station CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages discharging station by by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with bus communication sockets for electric cars. The main aim of this paper is talking aboutCan main for create discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard has some advantages and disadvantages. disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with with Can buspoints communication and This article contain using recharger socket Can bus communication and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with Can has bussome communication standard. First parts of this paper talks about proposal of discharging station. Continuing discharging station by CHAdeMO standard. Each communication standard advantages and disadvantages. This article contain using recharger socket with Can bus communication standard. First First parts parts of of this this paper paper talks talks about about proposal proposal of of discharging discharging station. station. Continuing Continuing standard. standard. First parts of this paper talks about proposal of station. Continuing chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery station. and disadvantages. This contain using recharger socket with Can bus communication standard. First parts of article this talks about proposal of discharging discharging station. Continuing chapters are about realized andpaper testing discharging automotive battery station. chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery station. chapters about realized and testing discharging automotive battery standard. First parts of this talks about proposal of discharging station. Continuing chapters are are about realized andpaper testing discharging automotive battery station. station. © 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevierstation. Ltd. All rights reserved. chapters are about realized and testing discharging automotive battery Keywords: discharging station, CAN, electric car, battery management, PLC, automotive Keywords: discharging discharging station, station, CAN, CAN, electric electric car, car, battery battery management, management, PLC, PLC, automotive automotive Keywords: Keywords: discharging station, station, CAN, CAN, electric electric car, car, battery battery management, management, PLC, PLC, automotive automotive electric connection. Keywords: discharging electric connection. connection. electric electric connection. Keywords: discharging station, CAN, electric car, battery management, PLC, automotive electric connection. electric1.connection. INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main subject subject 1. nected electric device. This problematic is subject 1. nected electric Energy device. to This problematic is ismain main subject of this article. from battery car transmitted 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is main subject of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted of this this article. Energy to from batteryIncar car ismain transmitted to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. normal situation 1. INTRODUCTION nected electric device. This problematic is subject Each electric car contains a huge battery with can be can of article. Energy to from battery is transmitted to CHAdeMo CHAdeMo socket socket over over contactor. contactor. In In normal normal situation situation Each electric electric car car contains contains aa huge huge battery battery with with can can be be can can to Each to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation battery is disconnected from charging socket. This is of this article. Energy to from battery car is transmitted Each electric car contains aathan huge battery with can be can be used also for other uses as only like energy for the to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation Each electric car contains huge battery with can be can battery is is disconnected disconnected from from charging charging socket. socket. This This is is a a safe safe be used used also also for for other other uses uses than than as as only only like like energy energy for for the the battery a safe be battery is disconnected from charging socket. This is a solution especially during car accident because the socket to CHAdeMo socket over contactor. In normal situation be used also for other uses than as only like energy for the own car moving. Recent years shows increasing count of isespecially disconnected from charging socket. This issocket a safe safe Each electric carother contains athan huge with cancount be can be also for usesyears asbattery onlyincreasing like energy for the solution during car accident because the ownused car moving. Recent shows of battery solution especially during car accident because the socket own car moving. Recent years shows increasing count of solution especially during carcharging accident because the socket is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected isespecially disconnected from socket. This issocket a safe own car moving. Recent years shows of battery electric for using in traffic. The cars are solution during car accident because the be used also for normal other uses than as onlyincreasing like many energycount for the own carcars moving. Recent years shows increasing count of is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are is voltage. The electric contactor can connected electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are is without without voltage. The electric contactor can be be the connected only after the control units communication signal especially during carreceive accident because socket electric cars for normal using in traffic. The cars are used only for city track and capacities of battery is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected own moving. Recent years increasing of solution electric cars forshort normal in shows traffic. The many many cars are only after the control units receive communication signal used car only for short cityusing track and capacities ofcount battery only after the control units receive communication signal used only for short city track and capacities of battery only after the control units receive communication signal from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery is without voltage. The electric contactor can be connected used only for short city track and capacities of planned battery contain more energy than required energy for only after the control units receive communication signal electric cars for normal using in traffic. The many cars are used only for short city track and capacities of battery the charger over charging socket. We use the battery contain more more energy energy than than required required energy energy for for planned planned from from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery contain from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery connection using a standard charging socket therefore our only after the control units receive communication signal contain more energy than required energy for planned track. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect from the charger over charging socket. We use the battery used only for short city track and capacities of battery contain more energy than required energy for planned connection using a standard charging socket therefore our track. Therefore Therefore comes comes from from the the idea idea how how we we can can connect connect connection using aapowered standard charging socket therefore our track. connection using standard charging socket therefore our connected device by car battery must communifrom the charger over charging socket. We use the battery track. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This connection using a standard charging socket therefore our contain more energy than required energy for planned track. Therefore comes from the idea how wedevices. can connect connected device powered by car battery must communibattery from electric car to other electronic This connected device powered by car battery must communibattery from electric car to other electronic devices. This connected device powered by car battery must communicate by same instructions like charging station. For battery connection using a standard charging socket therefore our battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This knowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located connected device powered by car battery must communitrack. Therefore comes from the idea how we can connect battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This cate by by same same instructions instructions like like charging charging station. station. For For battery battery knowledge shut shut be be useful useful when when the the electric electric car car is is located located cate knowledge cate by same instructions like charging station. For battery control management is used several wires and CAN bus connected device powered by car battery must communiknowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located on the spot without electricity. We can thinking about cate by same instructions like charging station. For battery battery from electric car to other electronic devices. This knowledge shut be useful when the electric car is located management is used several wires and CAN bus on the the spot spot without without electricity. electricity. We We can can thinking thinking about about control control management is used several wires and CAN bus on control management ispaper used several analyze wires and CAN bus communication. This communicacate by same instructions like contain charging station. For battery on the without electricity. We can thinking about camping area, or like energy source for like management is used several wires and CAN bus knowledge shut useful when the car house is located on the spot spot without electricity. Weelectric canfamily thinking about communication. This paper contain analyze communicacamping area, orbelike like energy source for family house like control communication. This paper contain analyze communicacamping area, or energy source for family house like communication. This paper contain analyze communication for charging sequences and practical testing of how the control management is used several wires and CAN bus camping area, or like energy source for family house like backup energy source during electricity provider probcommunication. This paper contain analyze communicaon the spot without electricity. We can thinking about camping area, orsource like energy for family houseproblike tion for sequences and practical testing of the backup energy energy duringsource electricity provider tion for charging charging sequences and practical testing of how how the backup source during electricity provider probtion for charging sequences and practical testing of how the battery contactor can be activated for connected electric communication. This paper contain analyze communicabackup energy source during electricity provider problems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. tion for charging sequences and practical testing of how the camping area, or like energy source for family house like backup energy source during electricity provider probbattery contactor can be activated for connected electric lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. tion for charging sequences and practical testing of how lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et al. (2012), Friedrischkov battery contactor can be activated for connected electric backup energy source during electricity provider problems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova et al. device powered powered by by car car battery battery by by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO socket. socket. the (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al. al. (2012), (2012), Friedrischkov Friedrischkov et et al. al. device (2015b),Kaczmarczyk device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. battery contactor can be activated for connected electric (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et al. (2012), Friedrischkov et al. (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) . device powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. lems Friedrischkova et al. (2015a), Friedrischkova (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al.al.(2012), et al. (2015) Barnola-Sampera Barnola-Sampera (2014) Friedrischkov (2015) (2014) ... 2. TYPES CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT powered by car battery by CHAdeMO socket. (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) (2015b),Kaczmarczyk et et al.al. (2012), Friedrischkov et al. device (2015) Barnola-Sampera et al. (2014) . 2. FOR 2. TYPES TYPES CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT HIGH-CURRENT This problem can be looks like simple process, but it is not 2. FOR CHARGING This problem problem can be be looks looksetlike like simple process, but it it is is not not 2. TYPES TYPES CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS FOR HIGH-CURRENT HIGH-CURRENT (2015) Barnola-Sampera al. simple (2014) process, . This can but CHARGING This problem can be looks like simple process, but it is not CHARGING true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains This problem can be about looks like simple vehicle process,that butcontains it is not CHARGING 2. TYPES CONNECTIONS FOR true. We are talking a certified CHARGING HIGH-CURRENT true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains true. We talking aa certified vehicle that contains a battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect This problem can be about looks like simple process, butcontains it is not 2.1 Introduction to problematic true. We are are talking about certified that CHARGING a battery battery somewhere in the the car. It is isvehicle impossible connect a somewhere in car. It impossible connect 2.1 Introduction to problematic aa battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect to battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple 2.1 Introduction to problematic true. We are talking about a certified vehicle that contains battery somewhere in the car. It is impossible connect 2.1 Introduction to problematic to battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple 2.1 Introduction to problematic to battery directly. This problem canis be looks like like simple simple to battery directly. This problem can be looks process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket a battery somewhere in the car. It impossible to battery directly. problem can looks likeconnect simple ThisIntroduction research only of aa DC connection to provide process, but it is is not notThis true. Especially forbe CHAdeMO socket 2.1 to speaks problematic process, but it true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket research only speaks of connection to provide process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using. Each electric car has own batteries status measureto battery directly. This problem can be looks like simple This research only speaks of aa aDC DC connection to provide process, but electric it is not car true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket This This research only speaks of DC connection to provide power from a car battery to connected device. Each using. Each Each has own batteries batteries status measuremeasureThis research only speaks of a DC connection to provide using. electric car has own status power from aa car battery to aa connected device. Each using. Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. These systems keep batterers in good condition. process, but it is not true. Especially for CHAdeMO socket power from car battery to connected device. Each using. Each electric car has own batteries status measurepower from a car battery to a connected device. electric vehicle has one of several charging standards. Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. This research only speaks of a DC connection to provide power from a has car one battery to a charging connectedstandards. device. Each Each ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. electric vehicle of several Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. using. Each electric car has own batteries status measureelectric vehicle has one of several charging standards. Can ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. electric vehicle has one of several several charging standards. Can be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric electric car car has has own own batteries batteries status status measurement. measurement. power from a car battery to a connected device. Each electric vehicle has one of charging standards. Can Each be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical ment. These systems keep batterers in good condition. be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about Each electric car has own batteries status measurement. be used used DC or or AC AC charging. This research talks only about DC connection for provide energy from car battery to Especially for for CHAdeMO CHAdeMO socket socket using, using, access access to to electrical electrical electric vehicle has one of several charging standards. be DC charging. This research talks only about Especially DC connection connection for for provide provide energy energy from from car car battery batteryCan to Especially for CHAdeMO using, access to energy is sophisticated. Each has ownsocket batteries status measurement. to Especially for car CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical electrical DC DC connection for provide energy from car battery to connected device. energyelectric is sophisticated. sophisticated. be used DC or AC charging. This research talks only about DC connection for provide energy from car battery to energy is connected device. device. energy is sophisticated. Especially for CHAdeMO socket using, access to electrical connected energy is sophisticated. connected device. DC connection for provide energy from car battery to During connected by CHAdeMO connector is requested connected device. car producer chooses some charger standard, like During isconnected connected by CHAdeMO CHAdeMO connector connector is is requested requested Each energy sophisticated. During by Each car producer chooses some charger standard, like connected device. During connected by CHAdeMO connector is requested continuous data exchange by CAN bus between car batEach car producer chooses some charger standard, like During connected by CHAdeMO is requested Each chooses some standard, like CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data exchange exchange by CAN CANconnector bus between between car batbat- CHAdeMO, Each car car producer producer chooses some charger charger standard, like continuous data by bus car CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data by CAN bus car battery management unit and battery charger or During connected by CHAdeMO is other requested CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric continuous data exchange exchange by CANconnector bus between between car conbat- CHAdeMO, CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unit and battery charger or other conEach car producer chooses some charger standard, like CHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric tery management unit and battery charger or other concars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unit battery or other continuous data exchange by CAN charger bus between car conbat- cars Mouli et al. (2016) .. includes Combo CCS socket allows DC tery management unitinand and battery charger or and other con cars Mouli et al. (2016) Combo CCS socket allows DC and AC charging. Sockets contact for own chargCHAdeMO, CCS or Tesla Supercharger for Tesla electric This work was realised cooperation with Teco as. CENET cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own charg This work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET tery management unit and battery charger or other conand AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own chargThis work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own charging energy and controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava cars Mouli et al. (2016) . Combo CCS socket allows DC This work work was realised realised in in cooperation cooperation with with Teco Teco as. as. and and CENET CENET and AC charging. Sockets includes contact for own chargThis was ing energy and controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava ing energy and controls Only VSB-TU Ostrava ing and communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava and AC charging. Socketscommunications includes contact contacts. for own charging energy energy and controls controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Ostrava This work was realised in cooperation with Teco as. and CENET energy and Ltd. controls communications contacts. Only VSB-TU Copyright © 277 ing 2405-8963Ostrava © 2018 2018, IFAC IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier All rights reserved. Copyright © 2018 277 Copyright © under 2018 IFAC IFAC 277 Control. Peer review responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Copyright © 277 Copyright © 2018 2018 IFAC IFAC 277 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.07.166 Copyright © 2018 IFAC 277
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like massages from car to station ID: 100,101,102 and from station to car ID 108,109. The CAN bus reports provide information shows on (Table 2). Table 2. CAN messages
Fig. 1. Standardised plugs types CHAdeMO socket standard contains contact for CAN bus communication. Overview of maximum theoretical voltage and power for standards show (Table 1). Table 1. Charging standard used in EU Standard CHAdeMO (normal) CHAdeMO (limit) CCS type 1 CCS type 2 Combo CCS Tesla Supercharger GB
Type DC DC DC DC DC/AC DC DC
Voltage 500 V 500 V 600 V 850 V 600 V
Current 125 A 200 A 200 A 200 A 200 A
Power 62,5 kW 100 kW 120 kW 170 kW 120 kW
750 V
250 A
187,5 kW
ID Data Electric car to battery charger ID 100 maximum voltage of battery ID 101 maximum time of charge, estimation time of charge, capacity of battery ID 102 number of CHAdeMO protocol, voltage, actual current, error messages, status messages, delivered energy Battery charger to electric car ID 108 Socket identification, maximal provide voltage, maximal provide current, threshold voltage ID 109 number of CHAdeMO protocol, actual provided voltage, actual current, status and error messages, and remaining charging time
3. COMMUNICATION DETECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS OF USED PROTOCOL DURING CHARGING ELECTRIC CAR BY CHADEMO STANDARD USING
2.2 CHAdeMO standard Described research was realized on car with CHAdeMO standard. This part contains more specific information about this socket. The information about CHAdeMO standard is provided by IEEE Standard Technical Specifications of a DC Quick Charger for Use with Electric Vehicles. Documentation contains information about starting connections sequences and CAN BUS messages specification. The initial sequence has this parts: (1) Detection cable connection by proximity wire. (2) Activating charge sequence signal 1, 2. (3) The electric car send information about battery status by CAN bus. (4) Connected station by CHAdeMO standard receives message and confirms information (5) Send message request for switching on contactor by specific CAN message. (6) Battery charging or discharging Charger socket CHadeMO contains this contacts: (1) Charge sequence signal 1 - start signal (2) Charge sequence signal 2 - start signal (3) Connector proximity detection - information about connected cable (4) Vehicle charge permission - feedback from car (5) Communications signal CAN H a CAN L
First practical part of this paper is about analyse CAN bus protocol and starting sequences during charging process. This practical research was created by certificated charger using. It is very useful part of research for design own discharger station. This test required some CAN bus listening device, electric car with CHAdeMO standard and certificated charging station. We had to design a listening device for this CAN BUS listening test. 3.1 Requests and results for CAN bus listening Designing device for this test has several criteria. Has to be keep electrical safety. CAN bus listening device must not influence CAN communication between charging station and electric car. For test was used electric car Nissan leaf. Connection was realized by standard CHAdeMO cables. But electric car was connection to recharge by special cable. That provided CAN bus connection by CAN bus - USB adapter. The block scheme is on (Fig. 2). CAN bus listening was realized by CAN-USB adapter and PC using. The CAN was running in ”Listening Mode”. After that in this mode does not affect receiving communication messages between recharger and electric car. During charging are not confirmed by USB-CAN adapter interface.
2.3 CHAdeMO CAN bus protocol The CHAdeMO CAN bus communication is created by own messages. Each message has a specific CAN address and contains important information for the charging process. Own messages contains information using by 8 byte. Protocol specification several ID address. We can select 278
Fig. 2. . Testing connection for CAN bus reading during battery charging CHAdeMO CAN bus has for this test these parameters:
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Table 3. Block diagram for discharging station shows Type of communication frame: Communication speed Bit rate: Listening mode:
2.0A 500 kbps active
Fig. 4. Measured current by electric car and recharging station
Fig. 3. Captured data by USB-CAN adapter For data analysis was used software USB-CAN adapter V4.15. (Fig. 3). Data examples from Can bus during charging process shows (Table 4). Table 4. CAN bus data analysis
Fig. 5. Block diagram for discharging station 4.1 Description of realised discharger
Like the main control unit was chosen czech PLC TECOMAT Foxtrot CP-1004 with CAN bus communication Line Arrival Time [ms] ID [Hex] Data [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ] module SC-1102, Menneks AC charging module controller 1 11:44:03.789 100 00 00 00 00 B3 01 F0 00 C-EV-0302M. For measurements are our station equipped 2 11:44:03.799 101 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 with fast power analyser SMC 118 with DC current probe 3 11:44:03.809 102 02 9A 01 00 00 C8 03 00 based on Hall effect.There are two fast power meter CThe insulation status is checked before charging. The EM-0401M for me measured on AC side equipped with charging station gradually increases the voltage and con- current transformer. For test we used programmable electrols the leakage current. In this recharge cycle, the bit tronic load EA-EL 9400-150 with parameters 400V DC/ status ID 109 is byte 5, which allows charging in state 0. 7000W. In the future test is plan connect to power supply After the insulation test, the charging cycle starts. The network by DC/AC convector, stalwartly used as solar mentioned bit status is activated into the log. 1. (charging panel inverter. PLC controls and monitors these signals: status). The status bit Charging stop control is deacti- Charge sequence signal 1, Charge sequence signal 2, Convated with log.1 per log. 0. During our test we gained all nector proximity detection, Vehicle charge permission. important data for recharging process. For example (Fig. Program for communication has same CAN bus structure 4) shows actual current measured by car and charging sta- like recharging station. PLC also control support signal tion. The maximum difference between charging current and functionality as plug lock or connection detection. measured by car and current measured by station is one During the start of discharging PLC also control signals to CHAdeMO standard cable by output cart and relay ampere. contacts. The switch board inside 19” cabinet is shown on After this knowledge research could continued with design figure 6. Inside the Foxtrot PLC is build-in web server to and testing own discharging device. control an visualise discharging station. This user interface allow connection form remote device and also control 4. PROPOSAL FOR CAR DISCHARGING DEVICE of discharging or charging vehicle within dependency of BY CHADEMO installed or simulated infrastructure. WEB based graphics user interface is on figure. This section contains own solution for design discharge station and own testing. The device must have to be 4.2 Discharger test equipped CHAdeMO socket and CAN communication standard and voltage converter up to powered device. We did several discharging tests. For the tests was used programmable electronic load with direct connection Block diagram for discharging station shows (Fig. 5) 279
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in safety option and also limits for using in charging process of electric vehicles. Standard for discharging is published yet, but from published information is clear that this option is possible from hardware point of view of CHAdeMO standard. Also well know system as LEAF to HOME comply this idea. The car with CHAdeMO standard has a program part for evaluation current deviation between parameters about actuals charging current and request current. In the case assessment curent value under or upper limit. Electric car sends error message with ID 102 on CAN bus to charger station. The critical difference for generate error mistake of charging current depends on the CHAdeMO charge controller number. For case of chargers CHAdeMO control protocol number is 0x00. Electric car generates a error message if charging current is 12A above the request current for 1 seconds. For cases 0x01 or higher CHAdeMO control protocol number. Electric car generates a error message also in case if charging current is 12A bellow the request current for 1 seconds. Therefore we had for discharging station test used the 0x00 protocol number. 4.4 Missing data Big differer between the versions of the CHAdeMO standard is different data in the CAN communication. When is necessary used protocol coded as 0x00 we lost a lot of information about connected vehicles. especially on board voltage, state of charge information is limited, thresholds is simplified etc. Disadvantage of this is also unable to changing protocol version during the connection and is necessary at least virtual (trough the relays) disconnected the vehicle, change the version and connected back.
Fig. 6. Switchboard with PLC and circuit breaker trough DC fuses to power pins in CHAdeMO connector. Electronic Load was set to constant power mode. Due high capacity of battery in electric vehicle where voltage and current close to constant for each test. Voltage drop was cause mainly due internal battery resistance and cable resistance. First test was discharging power 1kW. Next test was on 3500W and 6kW. On figure 7 showed setting control panell of electronic load for discharging station for 3500W .
4.5 Dynamic property Dynamic of current respectively power during the discharging is not defined in CHAdeMO specification. During our tests was dynamic of power output limited only by capability of used electronic load EA-EL 9400-150. step response was not measured yet due lack of suitable instruments. Because of the connection direct to the electric vehicle batteries trough the CHAdeMO socket we doesn’t suppose any limitation by the vehicle circuit. Table 5. Charging sequence Step
Charger station
1 2 3 4
Switch (d1) ON
5
Charging Stop OFF Charging Stop ON Charging Stop ON
6
Fig. 7. Discharging station controls 4.3 Way to ’hack’ to discharge vehicle Today exist (bester say is published) different version of CHAdeMO protocol. Each versions have difference 280
Vehicle Switch(k) active
Switch (d2) ON Car status OFF, Rellay ON
7 8 9
Charger status OFF
10 11
Switch (d2) OFF Switch (d1) OFF
Vehicle charging enabled OFF Switch(k) OFF Rellay ON/OFF Car status ON, Rellay OFF
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4.6 Explanation of CHAdeMO discharging process Our tested CHAdeMO discharging process is based on the standard charging process defined by the version code 0x00. As is on figure 8 and in corresponding table 5. At the beginning is the vehicle physically connected to the station by the CHAdeMO plug. Than is by the software in PLC connected appropriate signal wire stimulated vehicle electronic to accept connection. This is not in according with CHAdeMO specification, but is our small hack to be able reset connection by software. Next step according with CHAdeMO specification is marked by 1 on figure 8. Steps 2 and 3 on figure 8 is for insulation test and could be skipped if not safety check is not required. In commercial application should be done due electric safety for public user. In the state between the mark 4 and 5 on figure 8 are batteries of electric vehicles directly connected to the power pin of the CHAdeMO socket. This part of the CHAdeMO charging process we are used also fr the discharging. It is necessary periodically check voltage on the socket and the setting appropriate value in the CAN communication as is described in table 2. CAN packed are directly monitored on Foxtrot PLC trough build in WEB server (Figure 9). 5. FUTURE WORK During the tested we are discovered several unspecified behaviour of our electric vehicle which will be subjected to tests in short future. Especial we are interested of dynamic property of charging and discharging vehicle in the difference state of charge, minimizing connection time, speed up protocol version change. Very interesting for us is also behaviour of changing form the charging to discharging mode. In our test site we have prepared gird and island connection of the vehicle to the real simulated loads as well as monitoring of electric quality monitoring. Our goal is fully integrated standard commercial electric vehicle to the power infrastructure of the building and also as the part of the power grid to improve stability Jampeethong and Khomfoi (2015) Pathipati et al. (2015) and cost effective regulation of the gird and/or powering of home appliance. Bradac et al. (2015) Horak et al. (2013) Misak and Prokop
Fig. 9. Online visualisation on Foxtrot PLC (2010) Prokop and Misak (2012). Interaction with micro smart grid or island system Prokop and Misak (2012) will be next task to testing of using electric car as power source when other sources are unavailable. Idzkowski et al. (2016) From the software point of view are next tasks better visualisation of charging proses and grid monitoring to be able to detailed study of energy exchange between building and vehicle. Also direct integration to the buildings trough WEB and TCP/IP or TCP/UDP protocol increase ability of study interaction of booth systems and users. Also possibility of the directly integrated KNX interconnection (or several another standard) open new possibilities of energy management. These results will be critical to understand of possibilities in commercial application. 6. CONCLUSION With our commercial electric vehicles (one of them is shown on figure 10) we are tested possibilities of using CHAdeMO standard to switch electric vehicle to back up energy source. This is main changes comparing to our previous work (Friedrischkova et al., 2015a, Friedrischkov et al. (2015) or Friedrischkova et al. (2015b) when we used our electric vehicle based on Kaipan (Horak et al., 2013) chassis whit proprietary charging interfaces and socked. We are also interested in funny electric vehicles project like Slanina et al. (2016), Slanina and Docekal (2016).
Fig. 10. One of used car - Nissan Leaf By our tests was simulated of using electric vehicle with standard commercial charging interface for covering power
Fig. 8. Charging / Discharging sequence 281
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K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and B. Horak. The use an electric vehicle as a power source. volume 1, pages 164– 170, 2015b. K. Friedrischkov, D. Vala, and B. Hork. Testing of the traction batteries in electric vehicles and their further use. volume 48, pages 272–277, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.046. Results described in this contribution is base for next B. Horak, D. Minarik, K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and development of this techniques, when commercial electric J. Kazarik. The development of drive units for electric vehicle can feed wide range of equipments or complete cars kaipan voltage. pages 753–758, 2013. house. Our research is also aimed to full integration of Adam Idzkowski, Katarzyna Leoniuk, and Wojciech . building control standard to charging infrastructure to be Monitoring of the electrical parameters in off-grid solar able communicated energy demands in whole infrastrucpower system. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, PHOTONICS ture. APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS If you are interested in our tests and research of using EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume 0031 of Proceedings of electric vehicle as the part of electricity grid feel free to SPIE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106-0485-8. contact us and cooperated on our research. P. Jampeethong and S. Khomfoi. An EV Quick Charger Based on CHAdeMO Standard with Grid-support FuncACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tion. In 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND SYSBecause of multidisciplinary base of this topic, this work is TEMS (ICEMS), International Conference on Electrical supported from different projects, where biggest subvenMachines and Systems ICEMS, pages 531–536, 2015. tion come from following: ISBN 978-1-4799-8805-1. This work was supported by the project SP2018/160 V. Kaczmarczyk, P. Fiedler, R. tohl, and Z. Brad. Electric vehicles charger as a part of home area network. - Development of algorithms and systems for control, volume 11, pages 180–185, 2012. measurement and safety applications IV of Student Grant S. Misak and L. Prokop. Off-grid power systems. pages System, VSB-TU Ostrava. 14–17, 2010. doi: 10.1109/EEEIC.2010.5490003. This work was supported by the project SP2018/183 - Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Johan Kaptein, Pavol Control of power systems with renewable and alternative Bauer, and Miro Zeman. Implementation of Dynamic energy sources of Student Grant System, VSB-TU OsCharging and V2G using Chademo and CCS/Combo trava. DC charging standard. In 2016 IEEE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE This work was supported by the European Regional DevelAND EXPO (ITEC). IEEE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5090opment Fund in the Research Centre of Advanced Mecha0403-4. tronic Systems project, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16 019/0000867 within the Operational Programme Research, Develop- Vamsi Krishna Pathipati, Najath Abdul Azeez, and Sheldon S. Williamson. Standalone DC Level-1 EV Charging ment and Education. using PV/Grid Infrastructure, MPPT Algorithm and And finally we would like say thanks to TECO a.s and CHAdeMO Protocol. In IECON 2015 - 41ST ANNUAL CENET Centre of Energy Utilization of Non-traditional CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECEnergy Sources of VSB-TU Ostrava for cooperation on TRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Sothis project. ciety, pages 5408–5414, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4799-1762-4. L. Prokop and S. Misak. Off - grid energy concept of family house. volume 2, pages 753–758, 2012. Zdenek Slanina and Tomas Docekal. Energy monitoring and managing for electromobility purposes. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, PHOTONICS APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume 0031 of Proceedings of SPIE, REFERENCES 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106-0485-8. M. Barnola-Sampera, D. Heredero-Peris, R. Villafafila- Zdenek Slanina, Jan Dedek, and Matej Golembiovsky. Robles, D. Montesinos-Miracle, J. Bergas-Jane, and Electric scooter pilot project. In Romaniuk, RS, editor, N. Vidal-Tejedor. Charging/discharging process for elecPHOTONICS APPLICATIONS IN ASTRONOMY, tric vehicles: proposal and emulation. In 2014 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS, INDUSTRY, AND HIGHINTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONFERENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS 2016, volume ENCE (IEVC), 2014. ISBN 978-1-4799-6075-0. 0031 of Proceedings of SPIE, 2016. ISBN 978-1-5106Z. Bradac, V. Kaczmarczyk, and P. Fiedler. Optimal 0485-8. scheduling of domestic appliances via milp. Energies, 8(1):217–232, 2015. doi: 10.3390/en8010217. K. Friedrischkova, D. Vala, and B. Horak. Accumulation system of electric vehicle and its secondary exploitation. 2015a. doi: 10.1109/IYCE.2015.7180755. peek in home and industrial application. Electric vehicles are able to feed complete installation of family house or houses at least for time necessary to start up conventional backup unit. Published charging standards are not primary designed for this way of operation but it’s possible to hack it by this way.
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