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Proposal of a new topographic classification for mandibular fractures
Copyright 9
Int. ,L Oral Maxillofac. Surg, 1996; 25:476 Printed in Denmark. All rights reserved
1996
lntemationa[Joumol o~
Ord & MaxillofacialSurgery ISSN 0901-5027
Abstracts from international .literature Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in oral squamous cell carcinomas and their relation to p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression M. Shindoh, I. Chiba, M. Yasuda, T. Saito, K. Funaoka, T. Kohgo, A. Amemiya, Y. Sawada, K. Fujinaga Cancer 199,r 76:1513-21
The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still obscure. Since human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs are associated with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, carcinomas of the oral cavity were investigated to ascertain whether these viruses are present in squamous carcinomas of this anatomic site. Seventy-seven oral mucosal SCCs were examined for the presence of HPV DNAs by polymerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 was performed, and single-strand conformatio n polymorphism analysis for p53 was undertaken. In situ hybridization detection of HPV-16 D N A also was performed. Human papillomavirus-16 D N A was detected in 23 cases of oral SCC, and both HPV- 16 and HPV- 18 D N A were detected in one case of tongue SCC. Human papillomavirus DNAs were detected in 11/33 tongue, 4/15 gingivat, 2/4 palate, 2/5 buccal mucosa, 3/7 maxillary sinus, and 2/11 floorof-the-mouth SCCs. None were detected in SCCs of the retromolar region (0/2). Immunohistochemical examination for p53 was performed in 26 cases of oral SCC, and the accumulation of p53 protein was observed in six cases (i.e., in 4/17 HPV DNA-negative cases and in 2/9 HPV DNA-positive cases). Singlestrand conformation polymorphism analysis confirmed gene mutations in all six cases. Human papillomavirus-16 D N A was predominantly identified in
cancer cells that showed a morphoiogic resemblance t o basal cells, and its hybridized signal in keratinized ceils was reduced by in situ hybridization detection. Immunohistochemical detection of PCNA revealed its co-occurrence with HPV-16 D N A in cancer ceils. These resuits suggest that HPV-16 D N A sequences may have the capability to maintain the proliferative state of epithelial cells, and may contribute to the production of malignant phenotypes. H. TIDEMAN
The neurovascular infrahyoid muscle flap for tongue and pharynx reconstruction. Histological studies during postoperative long-term follow-up Th. Cho Somrner, E. Rumpel, S. Remmert, H.-J. Krammer HNO 1996: 4 4 : 1 4 - 1 8
Reconstruction of large defects in the oral cavity or pharynx with myocutaneous island flaps will often lead to cicatricial shrinkage of the transplant. To avoid further loss of function, a neurovascular pedieled infrahyoid muscle flap was used for reconstruction of large muscular defects in the mouth or pharynx. The advantages of this flap are voluntary muscular contractions and reduced shrinkage of the flap volume, as compared with myocutaneous island flaps alone. In this study, the characteristics of the transplanted muscles were examined at 6 weeks, 7 months, and 11 months after, surgery. Biopsies were taken from the transplanted infrahyoid muscles and examined with light and electron microscopy. An immunofluorescence method was used to identify nerves. In the specimens taken several months postoperatively, no atrophy or degeneration of the muscles could be seen. As a possible consequence of tenectomy, an irregular arrangement of
the myofibrils was noted. Nerves were found in all biopsies as further evidence that these muscles functioned well. HENNING SCHLIEPHAKE
Proposal of a new topographic classification for mandibular fractures R. Gola, F. Cheynet, J. R Carreau, M. Amrouche Roy Stomatol Chit Maxillofac 1996: 97: 59-71
After a brief review of the existing classifications of mandibular fractures, the authors propose a new one based on anatomic, embryologic, biomechanic, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. The main distinction is between the body and the ascending ramus. Each of these regions is divided into subunits characterized by either muscular insertions or the presence of teeth and the mandibular canal. This classification allows us to include the socalled angular fractures into the group of body fractures. This classification helps to select the proper mode of rigid fixation at specific sites. The fractures of the ascending ramus are divided into condylar, coronal, and angular. The last type is very rare and runs between the insertions of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. The fractures of the body are divided into a dentoalveolar area group, a basilar area group located between the posterior border of the mental foramen and the angular region, and a symphyseal area group with median and paramedian subgroups. According to this new classification, fractures though the socket of the third molar should be considered preangular fractures. Their treatment with miniplate osteosynthesis placed along the external oblique ridge is different from that of the true but rare angular fractures. H. REYCHLER
Int. ,L Oral Maxillofac. Surg, 1996; 25:476 Printed in Denmark. All rights reserved
1996
lntemationa[Joumol o~
Ord & MaxillofacialSurgery ISSN 0901-5027
Abstracts from international .literature Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in oral squamous cell carcinomas and their relation to p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression M. Shindoh, I. Chiba, M. Yasuda, T. Saito, K. Funaoka, T. Kohgo, A. Amemiya, Y. Sawada, K. Fujinaga Cancer 199,r 76:1513-21
The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still obscure. Since human papillomavirus (HPV) DNAs are associated with carcinoma of the uterine cervix, carcinomas of the oral cavity were investigated to ascertain whether these viruses are present in squamous carcinomas of this anatomic site. Seventy-seven oral mucosal SCCs were examined for the presence of HPV DNAs by polymerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 was performed, and single-strand conformatio n polymorphism analysis for p53 was undertaken. In situ hybridization detection of HPV-16 D N A also was performed. Human papillomavirus-16 D N A was detected in 23 cases of oral SCC, and both HPV- 16 and HPV- 18 D N A were detected in one case of tongue SCC. Human papillomavirus DNAs were detected in 11/33 tongue, 4/15 gingivat, 2/4 palate, 2/5 buccal mucosa, 3/7 maxillary sinus, and 2/11 floorof-the-mouth SCCs. None were detected in SCCs of the retromolar region (0/2). Immunohistochemical examination for p53 was performed in 26 cases of oral SCC, and the accumulation of p53 protein was observed in six cases (i.e., in 4/17 HPV DNA-negative cases and in 2/9 HPV DNA-positive cases). Singlestrand conformation polymorphism analysis confirmed gene mutations in all six cases. Human papillomavirus-16 D N A was predominantly identified in
cancer cells that showed a morphoiogic resemblance t o basal cells, and its hybridized signal in keratinized ceils was reduced by in situ hybridization detection. Immunohistochemical detection of PCNA revealed its co-occurrence with HPV-16 D N A in cancer ceils. These resuits suggest that HPV-16 D N A sequences may have the capability to maintain the proliferative state of epithelial cells, and may contribute to the production of malignant phenotypes. H. TIDEMAN
The neurovascular infrahyoid muscle flap for tongue and pharynx reconstruction. Histological studies during postoperative long-term follow-up Th. Cho Somrner, E. Rumpel, S. Remmert, H.-J. Krammer HNO 1996: 4 4 : 1 4 - 1 8
Reconstruction of large defects in the oral cavity or pharynx with myocutaneous island flaps will often lead to cicatricial shrinkage of the transplant. To avoid further loss of function, a neurovascular pedieled infrahyoid muscle flap was used for reconstruction of large muscular defects in the mouth or pharynx. The advantages of this flap are voluntary muscular contractions and reduced shrinkage of the flap volume, as compared with myocutaneous island flaps alone. In this study, the characteristics of the transplanted muscles were examined at 6 weeks, 7 months, and 11 months after, surgery. Biopsies were taken from the transplanted infrahyoid muscles and examined with light and electron microscopy. An immunofluorescence method was used to identify nerves. In the specimens taken several months postoperatively, no atrophy or degeneration of the muscles could be seen. As a possible consequence of tenectomy, an irregular arrangement of
the myofibrils was noted. Nerves were found in all biopsies as further evidence that these muscles functioned well. HENNING SCHLIEPHAKE
Proposal of a new topographic classification for mandibular fractures R. Gola, F. Cheynet, J. R Carreau, M. Amrouche Roy Stomatol Chit Maxillofac 1996: 97: 59-71
After a brief review of the existing classifications of mandibular fractures, the authors propose a new one based on anatomic, embryologic, biomechanic, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. The main distinction is between the body and the ascending ramus. Each of these regions is divided into subunits characterized by either muscular insertions or the presence of teeth and the mandibular canal. This classification allows us to include the socalled angular fractures into the group of body fractures. This classification helps to select the proper mode of rigid fixation at specific sites. The fractures of the ascending ramus are divided into condylar, coronal, and angular. The last type is very rare and runs between the insertions of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. The fractures of the body are divided into a dentoalveolar area group, a basilar area group located between the posterior border of the mental foramen and the angular region, and a symphyseal area group with median and paramedian subgroups. According to this new classification, fractures though the socket of the third molar should be considered preangular fractures. Their treatment with miniplate osteosynthesis placed along the external oblique ridge is different from that of the true but rare angular fractures. H. REYCHLER