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Proposed method for reference tests on frozen soil
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823017 ~ I C A L PREDICTION OF COLLAPSE LOADS USIRD FINITE ~ T M~ODS Sloan, S W; RaDdolph, M F Int J Num Areal Meth ~ , %16, NI, JanMarch 1982, P~7-76 The ability of a displacemer~-type finite element s_nalysis to predict collapse loads accurately Is i~vestlgate~. It is ahow~ that e~ferci~ the cor~lltions of zero v o l ~ e chaDEe t l n - o ~ o u ~ a finite element leads to the generation cf constraints on the deformation of that element. The ratio of degrees of freedom (which must be greater than the m~ber of constraints to obtain a sa%iafactcTy collapse load) tO cor~t r a l n t s is c ~ u t e d for a number of triar~lar add q--~ilateral elements. N~merleal examples of footi~s problems are used to verify the predictions. 823018 STATISTICAL SII/DY OF FABRIC IN A RANDOM ASSemBLY OF SPR~RICAL GRANULES Oda, M; Nemat-Nasse~, S; M~hrabadl, M M Int J Num Anal Meth Ge~ech, V6, NI, Jan-
~arch ~982, m7-9~ For a rardcm assembly of spherical ~ranules several measures of the fabric are introduced ard their relationships with each o~her ard with other iDdex measures previously presente~l by other authors a r e discussed. T h e s e measures include t h e density of contm~ts~ t h e ave~a6e branch lemgths, a vector relatir~ to the density of the intersection of contact n0rmals, anl a secoDd-urder ~mmetric tenser related to th e overall macroscopic stress tense. The c o n c e p t of fabric is seen as important in the ~xlerstaDdir~ of t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f ~ r a n u l a r masses. 823019 ON STATISTICAL DESCRII~fION OF STRESS AND FABRIC IN G R A ~ MATERIALS Mehrabadi, M M; Nemat-Nasse~, S; Oda, M Int J N~m Aral Meth Gec~ech, V6, NI, JanMarch 1982, P95-I08 The overall macroscopic stress in granular masses ard its relation to th e parameters that eharacterise t h e mlcrostructure, le t h e fa~ric~ are systematically examln~i. The macroscopic stresses are given two representations: (i) in terms of the volume dls%ribution of contact farces and contact nm~als, a~d (2) in terms of the contact furoes transmitted across an ~ - ~ n e d interlcr plane, ie the average tractions. Furthermore, corditlons urder which the two rel~esenta~ions become equivalent are examined. This study of the cor~ept of stress has led in a Datural manner to relations which connect the stress tensur with t h e 6ranular fabric r e l ~ e s e r ~ by the s ~ e t r i c fabric tens~r.
823020 MECHANICAL MODE~ OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL BASED ON STOCHASTIC PROCESS Kitamura, R Soils Foumd, VZI, N2, June 1981, P63-72 A mechanical model fur Particulate material is l~oposed based on l~obabillty theory, modelll~ the particle's motions ttrder defurm~tion as the Markuv l~ocess add havlr~ the contact s ~ e s as radios variables. The strains for particulate materials are then defined u s i ~ the l~Oba~illty density function of contact a~gles ard the discontinuous motion of particles at contact points.
823021 GROUND F8~.7~G: MECHANICAL P R O P m ~ E S , PROCESS~S ARD DESIGN. STATE-OF-THE-ART REPGRT JessbergeT~ H L Em~0g Ge~l, VI8, NI-~, Dec i ~ i s P5-30 ( P a l ~ r to 2 ~ Im~numtlomsl Symposlm~ on Groum~ F~eezi~, TTomdhelmj 2~-26 June i ~ 0 ) Reviews common design 1~oce4ures use~ in the design of sTan~tumes af froeen soil s Imelud/mg the use of amal~leal sol, lens, finite element me%hodsj am~ %we Qf fail~e eri%~rla. The sfzem~h uf frozen ~ 1 1 s Is then exam, S , rals~Img it to f a i l u r e e o n t i t l o n s . The time d e I ~ l e n t s t r e s s •train behavio~ add creep of frozen soil is then discussed, ant laboratory and field methods fro' % e s t i D g f r o z e n s o i l s a r e d e s c r i b e d . 42 r e f s . 823022 I~OPOSED M ~ I ~ FOR R E F ~ E ~ E TESTS ON FROWN S0IL J e s s b e r g e r , H L; E b e l , W E~;mg Geol, VI8, Ml-~, Dec 1981, P31-3~ ~Pal~T t o 2 n l In~e~n.~io~al Symposium o n G r ou~ F r e e z i ~ , Tro~tbelm, 2~-26 Juns 1980) Proposes the introduction of 'reference tests t to e D a b l e c c m p e r t s ~ m c f data from dlffeTen% lah(~at~les. The referer~e tests selected l~lude 2 %Imeomfine~ c~m~Eeaslon teats add 2 uDdaxlal creep teats on cyli~rlcal ssmples. The ~ e of the im~eclse des~rilM~ion of sample l~eparatlon am~ freezlmg Is eml~aslsed ard test c o n d i t i o n s t o b e u s e d are d e s c r i b e d .
823023 STRAIN RATE, T~4PERATURE, AND SAMPLE SIZE ~'~'~TS ON C(~RESSTON AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FRO'~N SAND B~ag~u R A; Am~eTsla~, 0 B E~ Geol, V18, Ni-4, Dec 1981, P3~-~6 ~Paper to 2m~ Inter~a~ionsl S ~ s i ~ on Groumd Freezlmg, Tromd~im, 2~-26 JUne 1980) Experiments were carried out on frozen silica saDd u s i ~ u~iaxial c o m p r e s s i o n ~ split cyll~e~ tests. The effects of ~ n rate, t e m p e r a t u r e a ~ l sample diameter o n t h e c o m p r e s s i v e strength, l~Itlal tangent modulus, a ~ fail~re st~aln were deter~i~i. Failure modes fur various ~est eor~tions are deseri~e~. Results sh~w that the initial yiel~ s t r e s s , t h e c~esslve peek sT~em6~h a r ~ t h e 1~1%tal gent m~ulus trnrease w i t h d e ~ r e a s i ~ ~ a t u r e s a~d i n ~ r e a s l ~ strain rates. Tensile stre~hs appear to be IrdepeDden~ of def~rmatlon rates. U~iaxial c ~ I m ' e s s l v e a t r e ~ s were f o ~ to decrease slightly am~ the iuitlal tangent ~ lus to increase with i ~ r e a s i ~ sample diameter. Deformation a~d failure modes were fourd t o ohaz~e from plastic to ~rlt~le ~ e h a v i ~ when strain rates increased to high val~es.
823024 INFLUENCE OF CYCLIC FI~k'm~.I~-%X-IAWINGON HERr AND MASS CHARAur~ISTICS OF CLAY SOIL Efim~v, S 8; Kozhevmlkov, N N; Kurilko, A S E ~ Oeol, V18, RI-4, Dec 1981, P147-i~2 (Paper to 2~1 International S~mpoalum on Ground Freezir~, TroDdheim, 24-26 June 1980) Describes investlgatlons carried ot~ on a l~eviousl~ unfrozen clay sell (hy~rm~ca a~d kaolittle) ~ub~ecTad to freezimg-thawi~ cycles. The thermal cor~uctlvlty coefficient waa f O U ~ to de~ease after the first cycle. The equilibrl~m specific moisture was f o u ~ not to depend on temperature er ra~er of cycles. Investigations of the unfrozen water content showed a visible decrease in soil moisture phase transition temperature at a moisture content of i0 per cent.
823017 ~ I C A L PREDICTION OF COLLAPSE LOADS USIRD FINITE ~ T M~ODS Sloan, S W; RaDdolph, M F Int J Num Areal Meth ~ , %16, NI, JanMarch 1982, P~7-76 The ability of a displacemer~-type finite element s_nalysis to predict collapse loads accurately Is i~vestlgate~. It is ahow~ that e~ferci~ the cor~lltions of zero v o l ~ e chaDEe t l n - o ~ o u ~ a finite element leads to the generation cf constraints on the deformation of that element. The ratio of degrees of freedom (which must be greater than the m~ber of constraints to obtain a sa%iafactcTy collapse load) tO cor~t r a l n t s is c ~ u t e d for a number of triar~lar add q--~ilateral elements. N~merleal examples of footi~s problems are used to verify the predictions. 823018 STATISTICAL SII/DY OF FABRIC IN A RANDOM ASSemBLY OF SPR~RICAL GRANULES Oda, M; Nemat-Nasse~, S; M~hrabadl, M M Int J Num Anal Meth Ge~ech, V6, NI, Jan-
~arch ~982, m7-9~ For a rardcm assembly of spherical ~ranules several measures of the fabric are introduced ard their relationships with each o~her ard with other iDdex measures previously presente~l by other authors a r e discussed. T h e s e measures include t h e density of contm~ts~ t h e ave~a6e branch lemgths, a vector relatir~ to the density of the intersection of contact n0rmals, anl a secoDd-urder ~mmetric tenser related to th e overall macroscopic stress tense. The c o n c e p t of fabric is seen as important in the ~xlerstaDdir~ of t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f ~ r a n u l a r masses. 823019 ON STATISTICAL DESCRII~fION OF STRESS AND FABRIC IN G R A ~ MATERIALS Mehrabadi, M M; Nemat-Nasse~, S; Oda, M Int J N~m Aral Meth Gec~ech, V6, NI, JanMarch 1982, P95-I08 The overall macroscopic stress in granular masses ard its relation to th e parameters that eharacterise t h e mlcrostructure, le t h e fa~ric~ are systematically examln~i. The macroscopic stresses are given two representations: (i) in terms of the volume dls%ribution of contact farces and contact nm~als, a~d (2) in terms of the contact furoes transmitted across an ~ - ~ n e d interlcr plane, ie the average tractions. Furthermore, corditlons urder which the two rel~esenta~ions become equivalent are examined. This study of the cor~ept of stress has led in a Datural manner to relations which connect the stress tensur with t h e 6ranular fabric r e l ~ e s e r ~ by the s ~ e t r i c fabric tens~r.
823020 MECHANICAL MODE~ OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL BASED ON STOCHASTIC PROCESS Kitamura, R Soils Foumd, VZI, N2, June 1981, P63-72 A mechanical model fur Particulate material is l~oposed based on l~obabillty theory, modelll~ the particle's motions ttrder defurm~tion as the Markuv l~ocess add havlr~ the contact s ~ e s as radios variables. The strains for particulate materials are then defined u s i ~ the l~Oba~illty density function of contact a~gles ard the discontinuous motion of particles at contact points.
823021 GROUND F8~.7~G: MECHANICAL P R O P m ~ E S , PROCESS~S ARD DESIGN. STATE-OF-THE-ART REPGRT JessbergeT~ H L Em~0g Ge~l, VI8, NI-~, Dec i ~ i s P5-30 ( P a l ~ r to 2 ~ Im~numtlomsl Symposlm~ on Groum~ F~eezi~, TTomdhelmj 2~-26 June i ~ 0 ) Reviews common design 1~oce4ures use~ in the design of sTan~tumes af froeen soil s Imelud/mg the use of amal~leal sol, lens, finite element me%hodsj am~ %we Qf fail~e eri%~rla. The sfzem~h uf frozen ~ 1 1 s Is then exam, S , rals~Img it to f a i l u r e e o n t i t l o n s . The time d e I ~ l e n t s t r e s s •train behavio~ add creep of frozen soil is then discussed, ant laboratory and field methods fro' % e s t i D g f r o z e n s o i l s a r e d e s c r i b e d . 42 r e f s . 823022 I~OPOSED M ~ I ~ FOR R E F ~ E ~ E TESTS ON FROWN S0IL J e s s b e r g e r , H L; E b e l , W E~;mg Geol, VI8, Ml-~, Dec 1981, P31-3~ ~Pal~T t o 2 n l In~e~n.~io~al Symposium o n G r ou~ F r e e z i ~ , Tro~tbelm, 2~-26 Juns 1980) Proposes the introduction of 'reference tests t to e D a b l e c c m p e r t s ~ m c f data from dlffeTen% lah(~at~les. The referer~e tests selected l~lude 2 %Imeomfine~ c~m~Eeaslon teats add 2 uDdaxlal creep teats on cyli~rlcal ssmples. The ~ e of the im~eclse des~rilM~ion of sample l~eparatlon am~ freezlmg Is eml~aslsed ard test c o n d i t i o n s t o b e u s e d are d e s c r i b e d .
823023 STRAIN RATE, T~4PERATURE, AND SAMPLE SIZE ~'~'~TS ON C(~RESSTON AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FRO'~N SAND B~ag~u R A; Am~eTsla~, 0 B E~ Geol, V18, Ni-4, Dec 1981, P3~-~6 ~Paper to 2m~ Inter~a~ionsl S ~ s i ~ on Groumd Freezlmg, Tromd~im, 2~-26 JUne 1980) Experiments were carried out on frozen silica saDd u s i ~ u~iaxial c o m p r e s s i o n ~ split cyll~e~ tests. The effects of ~ n rate, t e m p e r a t u r e a ~ l sample diameter o n t h e c o m p r e s s i v e strength, l~Itlal tangent modulus, a ~ fail~re st~aln were deter~i~i. Failure modes fur various ~est eor~tions are deseri~e~. Results sh~w that the initial yiel~ s t r e s s , t h e c~esslve peek sT~em6~h a r ~ t h e 1~1%tal gent m~ulus trnrease w i t h d e ~ r e a s i ~ ~ a t u r e s a~d i n ~ r e a s l ~ strain rates. Tensile stre~hs appear to be IrdepeDden~ of def~rmatlon rates. U~iaxial c ~ I m ' e s s l v e a t r e ~ s were f o ~ to decrease slightly am~ the iuitlal tangent ~ lus to increase with i ~ r e a s i ~ sample diameter. Deformation a~d failure modes were fourd t o ohaz~e from plastic to ~rlt~le ~ e h a v i ~ when strain rates increased to high val~es.
823024 INFLUENCE OF CYCLIC FI~k'm~.I~-%X-IAWINGON HERr AND MASS CHARAur~ISTICS OF CLAY SOIL Efim~v, S 8; Kozhevmlkov, N N; Kurilko, A S E ~ Oeol, V18, RI-4, Dec 1981, P147-i~2 (Paper to 2~1 International S~mpoalum on Ground Freezir~, TroDdheim, 24-26 June 1980) Describes investlgatlons carried ot~ on a l~eviousl~ unfrozen clay sell (hy~rm~ca a~d kaolittle) ~ub~ecTad to freezimg-thawi~ cycles. The thermal cor~uctlvlty coefficient waa f O U ~ to de~ease after the first cycle. The equilibrl~m specific moisture was f o u ~ not to depend on temperature er ra~er of cycles. Investigations of the unfrozen water content showed a visible decrease in soil moisture phase transition temperature at a moisture content of i0 per cent.