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Protective effects of pyridoxine against side effects induced by linezolid
214
16th ICID Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21S (2014) 1–460
Type: Poster Presentation
Type: Poster Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 50.023 Session: Antibiotics II Date: Friday, April 4, 2014 Time: 12:45-14:15 Room: Ballroom
Final Abstract Number: 50.024 Session: Antibiotics II Date: Friday, April 4, 2014 Time: 12:45-14:15 Room: Ballroom
Antibiotic stewardship activities in India: Current scenario
Protective effects of pyridoxine against side effects induced by linezolid
K. Walia 1,∗ , V.C. Ohri 2
Y. Demirkol 1 , M. Özen 2,∗ , E. Uz 3 , R. Yılmaz 4 , A. Ayata 2
1
INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, NEW DELHI - 110029, Delhi, India 2 Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India Background: India has a huge burden of infectious diseases and management of some of these warrants use of antibiotics. However there is rampant overuse and misuse of antibiotics in situations where they are not needed. As a result India is experiencing rising trends of antimicrobial resistance both in hospitals and communities. An effectiive infection control and antimicrobial stewardship program(AMSP) are pivotal in reducing the antimicrobial resistance burden in any hospital setting. Methods & Materials: Indian Council of Medical Research carried out a survey in the Government and private corporate hospitals to understand the quality of infection control and antibiotic stewardship activities being practiced.The survey looked at the availabilty of the following: 1. infection control guideline, 2. antimicrobial stewardship guideline and strategy employed for AMSP, 3. Standard guidelines for treatment 4. Collection and analysis of anti Microbial resistance data of pathogens 4. Collection of antimicrobial usage data 5. Mechanism of monitoring and auditing followed in the hospital Results: The results from the survey indicate that while most of the hospitals have guidance document on infection control but the infrastructure required is often lacking in hospitals. Similarly the hospitals do not have standard treatment guidelines and even if they are present they are not strictly followed. The monitoring and audit of antimicrobial usage is rarity. Conclusion: This survey highlights the need to strengthen the have a uniform infection control practices in the country and also have standard treatment guidelines for all hospitals which can be customised based on the hospital requirement. There is also need for better coordination among the microbiologists and physicians. There is a need to put in place the monitoring and auditing mechanisms in almost all the hospitals. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.867
1
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 3 Suleyman Demirel Univ, ISparta, Turkey 4 Suleyman Demirel Univ, ISparta, Turkey 2
Background: Serious gram-positive bacterial infections are common in childhood. Linezolid is the first member of oxazolidinone group in the clinical use. It shows its effect by inhibiting the 50S ribosome. However, myelosuppression has been reported as a side-effect. In this study, we aimed to show the effectiveness of pyridoxine against linezolid induced side-effects (oxidative stress and hematological complications) on an experimental animal model. Methods & Materials: Forty male pediatric Spraque Dawley rats were randomly seperated into four groups. We administered 1 mL of saline solution to the control group (C), 125 mg/kg/day of linezolid to second group (L), 100 mg/kg/day of pyridoxine to the third group (P) and 125 mg/kg/day of linezolid plus 100 mg/kg/day pyridoxine to the last group (LP)for 14 days per 12 hours. Before and after this procedure, we measured complete blood count, BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin values. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the erythrocytes to show oxidative stress. All analyses were made with SPSS program and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in white cell number in L, P and LP groups when compared to control group (p<0.0001). Serum ALT levels of L group was significantly higher than control group (p<0.0001). Activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and level of serum MDA were higher than control group in L group. Level of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased in L+P given group. Conclusion: Total leukocyte count was decreased but levels of MDA, ALT and activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were increased significantly in the linezolid group when compared to the control and LP groups. These findings suggest that pyridoxine has no protective effects for linezolid-induced leukopenia and increased ALT levels. On the other hand, pyridoxine may protect against the oxidative stress that occurs in erythrocytes by reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels. This study, first in the literature, examined the side effects of linezolid in pediatric rats and will hopefully be a source for the future researches. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.868
16th ICID Abstracts / International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21S (2014) 1–460
Type: Poster Presentation
Type: Poster Presentation
Final Abstract Number: 50.023 Session: Antibiotics II Date: Friday, April 4, 2014 Time: 12:45-14:15 Room: Ballroom
Final Abstract Number: 50.024 Session: Antibiotics II Date: Friday, April 4, 2014 Time: 12:45-14:15 Room: Ballroom
Antibiotic stewardship activities in India: Current scenario
Protective effects of pyridoxine against side effects induced by linezolid
K. Walia 1,∗ , V.C. Ohri 2
Y. Demirkol 1 , M. Özen 2,∗ , E. Uz 3 , R. Yılmaz 4 , A. Ayata 2
1
INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, NEW DELHI - 110029, Delhi, India 2 Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India Background: India has a huge burden of infectious diseases and management of some of these warrants use of antibiotics. However there is rampant overuse and misuse of antibiotics in situations where they are not needed. As a result India is experiencing rising trends of antimicrobial resistance both in hospitals and communities. An effectiive infection control and antimicrobial stewardship program(AMSP) are pivotal in reducing the antimicrobial resistance burden in any hospital setting. Methods & Materials: Indian Council of Medical Research carried out a survey in the Government and private corporate hospitals to understand the quality of infection control and antibiotic stewardship activities being practiced.The survey looked at the availabilty of the following: 1. infection control guideline, 2. antimicrobial stewardship guideline and strategy employed for AMSP, 3. Standard guidelines for treatment 4. Collection and analysis of anti Microbial resistance data of pathogens 4. Collection of antimicrobial usage data 5. Mechanism of monitoring and auditing followed in the hospital Results: The results from the survey indicate that while most of the hospitals have guidance document on infection control but the infrastructure required is often lacking in hospitals. Similarly the hospitals do not have standard treatment guidelines and even if they are present they are not strictly followed. The monitoring and audit of antimicrobial usage is rarity. Conclusion: This survey highlights the need to strengthen the have a uniform infection control practices in the country and also have standard treatment guidelines for all hospitals which can be customised based on the hospital requirement. There is also need for better coordination among the microbiologists and physicians. There is a need to put in place the monitoring and auditing mechanisms in almost all the hospitals. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.867
1
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey 3 Suleyman Demirel Univ, ISparta, Turkey 4 Suleyman Demirel Univ, ISparta, Turkey 2
Background: Serious gram-positive bacterial infections are common in childhood. Linezolid is the first member of oxazolidinone group in the clinical use. It shows its effect by inhibiting the 50S ribosome. However, myelosuppression has been reported as a side-effect. In this study, we aimed to show the effectiveness of pyridoxine against linezolid induced side-effects (oxidative stress and hematological complications) on an experimental animal model. Methods & Materials: Forty male pediatric Spraque Dawley rats were randomly seperated into four groups. We administered 1 mL of saline solution to the control group (C), 125 mg/kg/day of linezolid to second group (L), 100 mg/kg/day of pyridoxine to the third group (P) and 125 mg/kg/day of linezolid plus 100 mg/kg/day pyridoxine to the last group (LP)for 14 days per 12 hours. Before and after this procedure, we measured complete blood count, BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin values. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the erythrocytes to show oxidative stress. All analyses were made with SPSS program and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant decrease in white cell number in L, P and LP groups when compared to control group (p<0.0001). Serum ALT levels of L group was significantly higher than control group (p<0.0001). Activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, and level of serum MDA were higher than control group in L group. Level of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased in L+P given group. Conclusion: Total leukocyte count was decreased but levels of MDA, ALT and activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were increased significantly in the linezolid group when compared to the control and LP groups. These findings suggest that pyridoxine has no protective effects for linezolid-induced leukopenia and increased ALT levels. On the other hand, pyridoxine may protect against the oxidative stress that occurs in erythrocytes by reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels. This study, first in the literature, examined the side effects of linezolid in pediatric rats and will hopefully be a source for the future researches. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.868