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Protoplast formation in yeasts by the lytic enzyme of Streptomyces rochei DB-34 and their regeneration
VOL. 87, 1999
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Seibutsu-kogaku Kaishi Vol. 77, No. 4, 5 (1999) Biodegradation of C-heavy Oil Using Floatable Pellets Containing Nutrients and an Oil-Degrading Marine Microbial Consortium.
Protopiast Formation in Yeasts by the Lytic Enzyme of Streptomyces rochei DB-34 and Their Regeneration. and c7ilEKO -0 OHBUCHI,* AKmo NISHI, MAslugI lh.ucm, KUMAGAI (General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corp., Nishinomiya 663-8227) Seibutsu-kogaku 71: 137-146. 1999. The lytic enzyme produced by Streptomyces rochei DB-34 has a broad lytic spectrum. The enzyme lysed not only many ascomycetaseae and imperfecti yeasts in the logarithmic phase but also basidiomycetaseae yeasts regardless of the growth phase. However, protoplasts were not formed with this enzyme when sugars or sugar alcohols were used as an osmotic stabilizer; for their formation, osmotic stabilization by sodium tartrate was necessary. Sodium tartrate did not activate the enzyme, but seemed to enhance the sensitivity of the cell surface against it. This effect appeared only in the logarithmic phase of ceil growth. Protopiasts were not regenerated on an agar medium coexisting with sodium tartrate. For the regeneration of protoplasts, sorbitol was effective as an osmotic stabilizer. In a system with sorbitol, protoplasts formed using DB-34 enzyme showed a higher regeneration efficiency than those formed using other commercially available lytic enzymes. The efficiency of transformation through the protoplasts was as good as that using Zymolyase 1OOT.
SATOSHI Fmuorc~,~* %EKI OBIKA,] Tmo &TAblURA,' KAMIsmMA,’ TAI(ANORI HIGAS HIHARAZ (Shikoku
HIROTAKA -0
KAKITA,~ MARww,2
Hmosm and
National Industrial Research Institute, AIST-MITI, 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395’; National Institute of Human Science and Technology, AIST-MITI, I-l, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-85662) Seibutsu-kogaku 77: 181-186. 1999. The biodegradation of C-heavy oil was examined using floatable carrier pellets containing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and an oil-degrading microbial consortium from the Seto Inland Sea. One pellet (1.3 g, dry weight) enhanced biodegradation to approximately 40% of C-heavy oil within three weeks when about 300 mg of C-heavy oil was added as the substrate. After incubation with the pellet, n-alkane components of up to 30 carbons were completely diminished from the C-heavy oil added. Other components such as aromatics and heterocyciic compounds were also markedly degraded. These results show the advantages of using pellets containing nutrients and a microbial consortium for the biodegradation of oil spilled in the sea. * Corresponding author.
* Corresponding author. Bioengineering Studies on Plant Cell Cultures and Their Regeneration. -MonographNOBUYUKI UOZUMI (Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601) Seibutsu-kogaku 77: 187-196. 1999. There are two main strategies for obtaining biochemical products from plant cells: 1. High-density culture of cells using bioreactors in combination with an effective control technique. 2. The micropropagation of cells. This review shows that processes developed for procuring biochemical products from callus, embryogenic callus, transgenic plant cells, and hairy roots provide promising means for the bioengineering exploitation of plant cells.
703
Abstracts of the Articles Printed in Seibutsu-kogaku Kaishi Vol. 77, No. 4, 5 (1999) Biodegradation of C-heavy Oil Using Floatable Pellets Containing Nutrients and an Oil-Degrading Marine Microbial Consortium.
Protopiast Formation in Yeasts by the Lytic Enzyme of Streptomyces rochei DB-34 and Their Regeneration. and c7ilEKO -0 OHBUCHI,* AKmo NISHI, MAslugI lh.ucm, KUMAGAI (General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corp., Nishinomiya 663-8227) Seibutsu-kogaku 71: 137-146. 1999. The lytic enzyme produced by Streptomyces rochei DB-34 has a broad lytic spectrum. The enzyme lysed not only many ascomycetaseae and imperfecti yeasts in the logarithmic phase but also basidiomycetaseae yeasts regardless of the growth phase. However, protoplasts were not formed with this enzyme when sugars or sugar alcohols were used as an osmotic stabilizer; for their formation, osmotic stabilization by sodium tartrate was necessary. Sodium tartrate did not activate the enzyme, but seemed to enhance the sensitivity of the cell surface against it. This effect appeared only in the logarithmic phase of ceil growth. Protopiasts were not regenerated on an agar medium coexisting with sodium tartrate. For the regeneration of protoplasts, sorbitol was effective as an osmotic stabilizer. In a system with sorbitol, protoplasts formed using DB-34 enzyme showed a higher regeneration efficiency than those formed using other commercially available lytic enzymes. The efficiency of transformation through the protoplasts was as good as that using Zymolyase 1OOT.
SATOSHI Fmuorc~,~* %EKI OBIKA,] Tmo &TAblURA,' KAMIsmMA,’ TAI(ANORI HIGAS HIHARAZ (Shikoku
HIROTAKA -0
KAKITA,~ MARww,2
Hmosm and
National Industrial Research Institute, AIST-MITI, 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395’; National Institute of Human Science and Technology, AIST-MITI, I-l, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-85662) Seibutsu-kogaku 77: 181-186. 1999. The biodegradation of C-heavy oil was examined using floatable carrier pellets containing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and an oil-degrading microbial consortium from the Seto Inland Sea. One pellet (1.3 g, dry weight) enhanced biodegradation to approximately 40% of C-heavy oil within three weeks when about 300 mg of C-heavy oil was added as the substrate. After incubation with the pellet, n-alkane components of up to 30 carbons were completely diminished from the C-heavy oil added. Other components such as aromatics and heterocyciic compounds were also markedly degraded. These results show the advantages of using pellets containing nutrients and a microbial consortium for the biodegradation of oil spilled in the sea. * Corresponding author.
* Corresponding author. Bioengineering Studies on Plant Cell Cultures and Their Regeneration. -MonographNOBUYUKI UOZUMI (Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601) Seibutsu-kogaku 77: 187-196. 1999. There are two main strategies for obtaining biochemical products from plant cells: 1. High-density culture of cells using bioreactors in combination with an effective control technique. 2. The micropropagation of cells. This review shows that processes developed for procuring biochemical products from callus, embryogenic callus, transgenic plant cells, and hairy roots provide promising means for the bioengineering exploitation of plant cells.
703