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Prototype device for training postural stability and core control enabling sensory integration and body control re-calibration
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Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
recommending weight-bearing activities to the athlete who intends returning to weight-bearing following injury or surgery. Athletes can be encouraged to run at high speeds without concern of greatly increasing their PBW. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.400 INVITED
tical and horizontal. As well, visual tracking exercises using the various lasers and SL can influence basic spinal control mechanisms for body support. Conclusion: A device designed for training PS and CC using sensory integration and unification theory. The device can be employed for children, adults, aged, athletes and neurologic impaired. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.401
400
INVITED
Prototype device for training postural stability and core control enabling sensory integration and body control recalibration
401
W. Haynes
Can exercise-induced benefits in bone strength be further improved after menarche if training is maintained?
Bluearth Institute and Private Practitioner Introduction: Effective and Efficient (EE) Postural Stability (PS) and Core Control (CC) are essential ingredients for the successful execution of most complex movement skills in ADL and sports performance. Present training approaches often focus on 1 or 2 elements of the sensory frequency array available to formulate improved PS and CC performances. EE activities in daily tasks however, require a complex integration and unification of sensory frequencies to formulating the specific Frames of Reference (FR) upon which EE movement is based. The author reviewed available methods for movement training and rehabilitation for PS and CC and examined their capabilities in utilizing the global array of sensory input to formulate EE frames of reference. Analysis of available data indicated a paucity of approaches utilizing sensory integration of the global sensory array required for PS and CC. The author then designed a device specifically addressing the deficits in current methods training PS and CC enabling sensory integration and body control re-calibration. Prototype: The prototype design includes a large unstable platform (UP) constrained to one degree of freedom: rotation about the long axis of the board. The UP has adjustable levels of instability. The support surface has embedded a system of spirit level (SL) sensors and lasers acting to provide visual feedback for the true orientation to horizontal of the unstable platform when static and dynamic exercises are performed. As a reference for alignment of the lasers attached to the UP we used a laser spirit level to calibrate the UP resting at horizontal. This meant the UP resting in horizontal alignment had lasers accurately shining on the targets on walls acting as reference to the alignment of the UP. UP shift from horizontal resulted in laser and SL shift that was quickly acted upon to restore postural alignment and UP to horizontal. The SL provides feedback when movements require visual alignment to the support surface. The lasers provide visual alignment of PS and CC when the subject is in a vertical position. Exercises involve proprioceptive, vestibular and kinaesthetic input can be regulated with the veridical visual perception of ver-
G. Ducher 1,∗ , S. Bass 1 , L. Saxon 2 , R. Daly 3 1 Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin
University, Australia 2 Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Hospital, Australia Introduction: Pre- and early-puberty may be the most opportune time to strengthen the female skeleton, but there is little longitudinal data to support this claim. This study investigated the longitudinal changes in exercise-induced skeletal benefits relative to menarche in young female tennis players. Methodology: 44 female tennis players, aged 10–17 years, who had been training for at least 2 years, were followed for 12 months. At baseline, 12 players were pre-menarcheal (‘PRE’: gynecological age −0.9 years, range −0.5–−0.1 years) and 32 players were post-menarcheal (‘POST’: gynecological age +1.8 years post-menarche, range 0.1–5.5 years). Nine more players had menarche during the 12-month follow-up and three attained menarche after the follow-up period. The osteogenic response to loading was studied by comparing the dominant and nondominant humeri for DXAderived bone mass (BMC) and MRI-derived bone geometry [total bone area (TA), medullary area (MA) and cortical area (CA) at the mid and distal humerus]. Results: Menarche was attained on average, at 12.9 ± 1.3 years. All players started playing before menarche (mean age 6.9 ± 1.9 years) and were training an average 11.8 ± 5.8 h/week. PRE started training at a similar age and had a comparable training volume to POST, but less years of training (5.9 years vs. 7.5 years, p < 0.05). At baseline, all bone parameters, except MA, were greater on the dominant side; the side-to-side differences ranging from 9% to 19% in both PRE and POST (p < 0.0001). Mid and distal MA were smaller on the dominant side in POST only (p < 0.01). PRE girls increased their side-to-side differences by 2.7–4.9% units for mid TA and CA and distal TA (p < 0.05) after 12 months. Further increase in bone asymmetries were also found in POST girls for BMC, distal TA
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
recommending weight-bearing activities to the athlete who intends returning to weight-bearing following injury or surgery. Athletes can be encouraged to run at high speeds without concern of greatly increasing their PBW. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.400 INVITED
tical and horizontal. As well, visual tracking exercises using the various lasers and SL can influence basic spinal control mechanisms for body support. Conclusion: A device designed for training PS and CC using sensory integration and unification theory. The device can be employed for children, adults, aged, athletes and neurologic impaired. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.401
400
INVITED
Prototype device for training postural stability and core control enabling sensory integration and body control recalibration
401
W. Haynes
Can exercise-induced benefits in bone strength be further improved after menarche if training is maintained?
Bluearth Institute and Private Practitioner Introduction: Effective and Efficient (EE) Postural Stability (PS) and Core Control (CC) are essential ingredients for the successful execution of most complex movement skills in ADL and sports performance. Present training approaches often focus on 1 or 2 elements of the sensory frequency array available to formulate improved PS and CC performances. EE activities in daily tasks however, require a complex integration and unification of sensory frequencies to formulating the specific Frames of Reference (FR) upon which EE movement is based. The author reviewed available methods for movement training and rehabilitation for PS and CC and examined their capabilities in utilizing the global array of sensory input to formulate EE frames of reference. Analysis of available data indicated a paucity of approaches utilizing sensory integration of the global sensory array required for PS and CC. The author then designed a device specifically addressing the deficits in current methods training PS and CC enabling sensory integration and body control re-calibration. Prototype: The prototype design includes a large unstable platform (UP) constrained to one degree of freedom: rotation about the long axis of the board. The UP has adjustable levels of instability. The support surface has embedded a system of spirit level (SL) sensors and lasers acting to provide visual feedback for the true orientation to horizontal of the unstable platform when static and dynamic exercises are performed. As a reference for alignment of the lasers attached to the UP we used a laser spirit level to calibrate the UP resting at horizontal. This meant the UP resting in horizontal alignment had lasers accurately shining on the targets on walls acting as reference to the alignment of the UP. UP shift from horizontal resulted in laser and SL shift that was quickly acted upon to restore postural alignment and UP to horizontal. The SL provides feedback when movements require visual alignment to the support surface. The lasers provide visual alignment of PS and CC when the subject is in a vertical position. Exercises involve proprioceptive, vestibular and kinaesthetic input can be regulated with the veridical visual perception of ver-
G. Ducher 1,∗ , S. Bass 1 , L. Saxon 2 , R. Daly 3 1 Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin
University, Australia 2 Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Hospital, Australia Introduction: Pre- and early-puberty may be the most opportune time to strengthen the female skeleton, but there is little longitudinal data to support this claim. This study investigated the longitudinal changes in exercise-induced skeletal benefits relative to menarche in young female tennis players. Methodology: 44 female tennis players, aged 10–17 years, who had been training for at least 2 years, were followed for 12 months. At baseline, 12 players were pre-menarcheal (‘PRE’: gynecological age −0.9 years, range −0.5–−0.1 years) and 32 players were post-menarcheal (‘POST’: gynecological age +1.8 years post-menarche, range 0.1–5.5 years). Nine more players had menarche during the 12-month follow-up and three attained menarche after the follow-up period. The osteogenic response to loading was studied by comparing the dominant and nondominant humeri for DXAderived bone mass (BMC) and MRI-derived bone geometry [total bone area (TA), medullary area (MA) and cortical area (CA) at the mid and distal humerus]. Results: Menarche was attained on average, at 12.9 ± 1.3 years. All players started playing before menarche (mean age 6.9 ± 1.9 years) and were training an average 11.8 ± 5.8 h/week. PRE started training at a similar age and had a comparable training volume to POST, but less years of training (5.9 years vs. 7.5 years, p < 0.05). At baseline, all bone parameters, except MA, were greater on the dominant side; the side-to-side differences ranging from 9% to 19% in both PRE and POST (p < 0.0001). Mid and distal MA were smaller on the dominant side in POST only (p < 0.01). PRE girls increased their side-to-side differences by 2.7–4.9% units for mid TA and CA and distal TA (p < 0.05) after 12 months. Further increase in bone asymmetries were also found in POST girls for BMC, distal TA