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Psychophysiological studie of visual stimuli and the effect of fragrance
152
Abstracts 7th IOP Scientific Meeting /lnternnrionnl
droupolis, Greece, ’ Electrodiagnostic Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department, Bristol
In 7 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without a previous history of optic neuritis or other disease affecting vision we examined contrast sensitivity in various spatial frequencies and colour vision with the use of the automated loo-hue test. Visual acuity and pattern visual evoked potentials were normal. Eleven of the fourteen eyes had pathological findings in more than three spatial frequencies in contrast sensitivity testing and three out of eight eyes studied with the loo-hue test had pathological scores. Contrast sensitivity and colour vision testing with the 100.hue test provide indications of visual dysfunction in MS patients even when visual acuity and visual evoked potentials are within normal values.
Psychophysiological studies of visual stimuli and the effect of fragrance H. Sugano, S. Uchida. Man Life Science Institute, 162-l Ohkumo, Kasuya-Machi, Fukrtoka 811-23, Japan Changes in consciousness by visual stimuli and the effect of fragrance on them were studied using the CNV paradigm. As visual stimuli, two sets of pictures, five depicting landscapes and another five showing human faces, were adopted. One picture in the first set and the picture of the subject in the second set were identified as targets. To produce fragrance, a specially blended perfume (the so-called odour of Chacra) was used. During the test, a picture picked randomly with a probability of 0.2 from any one set was displayed for 0.5 sec. The onset of a new display was preceded by an audible tone. Subjects were asked to push a button when they saw the target pictures. This measured the reaction time of the subject. which was studied in addition to the CNV. Later, the subjects were asked to inhale the perfume for 5 min, to evaluate the effect of fragrance and the same measurements as above were made. The CNV was recorded on C3. C4, Cz and Pz. Twelve healthy females aged between 20 and 25 years were selected as subjects. A marked reduction in reaction time and an increase in the amplitude of CNV were observed during the display of the faces as compared to that of the landscapes. Inhalation of the perfume also reduced the reaction time and enhanced the amplitude of CNV during both sets of visual stimuli. It is wet1 known that individuals have a special consciousness to their own face. A acceleration of reaction time to the image of one’s face is likely to demonstrate this self-consciousness. An increase in the amplitude of CNV also suggests the increased attention paid to the face pictures. The fragrance reduced the reaction time and increased the amplitude of CNV. This suggests that the fra-
Journal of
Psychophysiology
18 (1994) 87-159
grance has the effect of enhancing ness.
the level of conscious-
Psychophysiological correlation organisation of motor reactions
of the perceptive
N.F. Suvorov, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Russian
Averaged cortical evoked potentials (EP) to tight stimuli were studied in 12 healthy subjects and 19 Parkinsonian patients under conditions of passive perception (the background) and during different psychomotor reactions. Differential EP waves between the reaction and the background were analysed, i.e. endogenous potentials. A retardation of the psychomotor reactions in patients was found to be accompanied by a decrease in endogenous EP in the frontal recording. The decrease mainly concerned the potentials connected with motor acts rather than with the cognitive operation. The retardation of the voluntary movements in parkinsonism is assumed to be connected with a deficit of frontal activation due to a dysfunction of the basat ganglia.
Event-related potential variability of information storage in infants
as a measure
Deportment of Psychology, D.G. Thomas, State University, Stillrvate< OK, USA
Oklahoma
In infancy, neural ensembles with which the brain represents its experiences are thought to develop through the proliferation and subsequent pruning of synapses. This implies that a neural ensemble will initially respond very inconsistently, but with repeated exposure to a given experience, response variability will decrease as synapses that define the ensemble are strengthened. Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) offer a possible measure of this process of variability decrease in information storage. In two studies with 5month-old infants, subjects received 100 presentations of a single auditory stimulus and 24 h later received 50 presentations of that familiar stimulus and 50 presentations of a novel stimulus. The N2 peak of the average ERP increased in amplitude from Day 1 to Day 2 for the familiar stimulus only. Subsequent single-trial analyses showed that the amplitude increase in the average ERP was due to both an amplitude increase in the individual trials, and a decrease in the trial-to-trial latency variability of N2. Longitudinal ERP data from infants collected between 4 and 16 weeks of age also suggests that ERP variability decreases with increased experience. These data support the hypothesis that information storage involves a decrease in the response variability of neural ensembles that store that information and point to the usefulness of
Abstracts 7th IOP Scientific Meeting /lnternnrionnl
droupolis, Greece, ’ Electrodiagnostic Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
Department, Bristol
In 7 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without a previous history of optic neuritis or other disease affecting vision we examined contrast sensitivity in various spatial frequencies and colour vision with the use of the automated loo-hue test. Visual acuity and pattern visual evoked potentials were normal. Eleven of the fourteen eyes had pathological findings in more than three spatial frequencies in contrast sensitivity testing and three out of eight eyes studied with the loo-hue test had pathological scores. Contrast sensitivity and colour vision testing with the 100.hue test provide indications of visual dysfunction in MS patients even when visual acuity and visual evoked potentials are within normal values.
Psychophysiological studies of visual stimuli and the effect of fragrance H. Sugano, S. Uchida. Man Life Science Institute, 162-l Ohkumo, Kasuya-Machi, Fukrtoka 811-23, Japan Changes in consciousness by visual stimuli and the effect of fragrance on them were studied using the CNV paradigm. As visual stimuli, two sets of pictures, five depicting landscapes and another five showing human faces, were adopted. One picture in the first set and the picture of the subject in the second set were identified as targets. To produce fragrance, a specially blended perfume (the so-called odour of Chacra) was used. During the test, a picture picked randomly with a probability of 0.2 from any one set was displayed for 0.5 sec. The onset of a new display was preceded by an audible tone. Subjects were asked to push a button when they saw the target pictures. This measured the reaction time of the subject. which was studied in addition to the CNV. Later, the subjects were asked to inhale the perfume for 5 min, to evaluate the effect of fragrance and the same measurements as above were made. The CNV was recorded on C3. C4, Cz and Pz. Twelve healthy females aged between 20 and 25 years were selected as subjects. A marked reduction in reaction time and an increase in the amplitude of CNV were observed during the display of the faces as compared to that of the landscapes. Inhalation of the perfume also reduced the reaction time and enhanced the amplitude of CNV during both sets of visual stimuli. It is wet1 known that individuals have a special consciousness to their own face. A acceleration of reaction time to the image of one’s face is likely to demonstrate this self-consciousness. An increase in the amplitude of CNV also suggests the increased attention paid to the face pictures. The fragrance reduced the reaction time and increased the amplitude of CNV. This suggests that the fra-
Journal of
Psychophysiology
18 (1994) 87-159
grance has the effect of enhancing ness.
the level of conscious-
Psychophysiological correlation organisation of motor reactions
of the perceptive
N.F. Suvorov, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Russian
Averaged cortical evoked potentials (EP) to tight stimuli were studied in 12 healthy subjects and 19 Parkinsonian patients under conditions of passive perception (the background) and during different psychomotor reactions. Differential EP waves between the reaction and the background were analysed, i.e. endogenous potentials. A retardation of the psychomotor reactions in patients was found to be accompanied by a decrease in endogenous EP in the frontal recording. The decrease mainly concerned the potentials connected with motor acts rather than with the cognitive operation. The retardation of the voluntary movements in parkinsonism is assumed to be connected with a deficit of frontal activation due to a dysfunction of the basat ganglia.
Event-related potential variability of information storage in infants
as a measure
Deportment of Psychology, D.G. Thomas, State University, Stillrvate< OK, USA
Oklahoma
In infancy, neural ensembles with which the brain represents its experiences are thought to develop through the proliferation and subsequent pruning of synapses. This implies that a neural ensemble will initially respond very inconsistently, but with repeated exposure to a given experience, response variability will decrease as synapses that define the ensemble are strengthened. Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) offer a possible measure of this process of variability decrease in information storage. In two studies with 5month-old infants, subjects received 100 presentations of a single auditory stimulus and 24 h later received 50 presentations of that familiar stimulus and 50 presentations of a novel stimulus. The N2 peak of the average ERP increased in amplitude from Day 1 to Day 2 for the familiar stimulus only. Subsequent single-trial analyses showed that the amplitude increase in the average ERP was due to both an amplitude increase in the individual trials, and a decrease in the trial-to-trial latency variability of N2. Longitudinal ERP data from infants collected between 4 and 16 weeks of age also suggests that ERP variability decreases with increased experience. These data support the hypothesis that information storage involves a decrease in the response variability of neural ensembles that store that information and point to the usefulness of