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Questionnaire
CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCY? NO PROBLEM. I WILL CALL THE AMBULANCE WITH MY NICE PINK PHONE. I CAN SAVE A LIFE! LOOK AT ME!!!
I AM AN EXPERT IN SAVING LIVES!!!! I WILL CALL NOW !!!!
C H A P T E R
1 Questionnaire 1. When did your difficulty in breathing start? 2. Do you feel difficulty in breathing in inspiration or expiration? INSPIRATORY DYSPNEA is typical for cardiovascular diseases. 3. When you have breathing difficulty, does the frequency of your respiration increase (tachypnea) or decrease (bradypnea)? INSPIRATORY DYSPNEA with TACHYPNEA is typical for cardiovascular diseases. 4. Do you feel that you now have difficulty in breathing that you did not have in the past? This is PROGRESSIVE DYSPNEA ON EFFORT. 5. Do you feel that your breathing difficulty appears during both progressive and small efforts? This suggests CHRONIC LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE. 6. Do you feel you have difficulty in breathing while resting? This is DYSPNEA IN REST. 7. Do you experience sudden breathlessness in the night and wake up with difficulty in breathing (shortness of breath, or dyspnea) with difficulty in inspiration? This is PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA that suggests ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE. 8. When this phenomenon happens at night, do you stay in the chair or on the bed with your head up on the pillow and sleep in this position all night because you feel that in this position you can breathe more easily? 9. How many pillows do you use at night? 10. Do you sometimes sleep on a chair because in this position, with your head elevated, your symptoms are reduced? This position is ORTHOPNEA, typical for patients with ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE, because fluid from interstitial space pooled in the legs in the orthostatic position during the day is redistributed in the flat position and starts to accumulate in the lungs. 11. Do you sometimes hear a noise during expiration that sounds like the scream of a cat? This is WHEEZING, a high-pitched sound made by exhaling air from the lungs, which suggests narrowed airways and/or inflammation at this level. 12. What cardiovascular disease can suggest this sound? CARDIAC ASTHMA.
Medical Semiology Guide of the Cardiovascular System and the Hematologic System https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819638-0.00001-3
4
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
I AM AN EXPERT IN SAVING LIVES!!!! I WILL CALL NOW !!!!
C H A P T E R
1 Questionnaire 1. When did your difficulty in breathing start? 2. Do you feel difficulty in breathing in inspiration or expiration? INSPIRATORY DYSPNEA is typical for cardiovascular diseases. 3. When you have breathing difficulty, does the frequency of your respiration increase (tachypnea) or decrease (bradypnea)? INSPIRATORY DYSPNEA with TACHYPNEA is typical for cardiovascular diseases. 4. Do you feel that you now have difficulty in breathing that you did not have in the past? This is PROGRESSIVE DYSPNEA ON EFFORT. 5. Do you feel that your breathing difficulty appears during both progressive and small efforts? This suggests CHRONIC LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE. 6. Do you feel you have difficulty in breathing while resting? This is DYSPNEA IN REST. 7. Do you experience sudden breathlessness in the night and wake up with difficulty in breathing (shortness of breath, or dyspnea) with difficulty in inspiration? This is PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA that suggests ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE. 8. When this phenomenon happens at night, do you stay in the chair or on the bed with your head up on the pillow and sleep in this position all night because you feel that in this position you can breathe more easily? 9. How many pillows do you use at night? 10. Do you sometimes sleep on a chair because in this position, with your head elevated, your symptoms are reduced? This position is ORTHOPNEA, typical for patients with ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE, because fluid from interstitial space pooled in the legs in the orthostatic position during the day is redistributed in the flat position and starts to accumulate in the lungs. 11. Do you sometimes hear a noise during expiration that sounds like the scream of a cat? This is WHEEZING, a high-pitched sound made by exhaling air from the lungs, which suggests narrowed airways and/or inflammation at this level. 12. What cardiovascular disease can suggest this sound? CARDIAC ASTHMA.
Medical Semiology Guide of the Cardiovascular System and the Hematologic System https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819638-0.00001-3
4
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.