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QUININE AND METHYLENE BLUE IN MALARIA.
QUININE AND METHYLENE BLUE IN MALARIA.
1462 an
a unique one. This view, how. does not hold, and in reference to it he Reynolds of two In the first case, that of cases. gives particulars a labourer aged thirty - nine, who fell and injured his back, there were total paralysis of sensation and motion in the legs, a flaccid condition of the muscles, and absence of knee-jerks with increased superficial reflexes. The second case was that of a girl aged thirteen with marked spinal curvature, total paralysis of sensation and motion in the legs, with marked exaggeration of the knee-jerks, ankleclonus, and increased superficial reflexes. Of course it might be argued that such cases, the actual condition of the spinal cord not being known, prove nothing, but, as Dr. E. Reynolds points out, they certainly show that with injury or disease of the spinal cord producing total loss of sensation and motion of the lower limbs there is not necessarily a flaccid paralysis of the legs or an absence of the reflexes.
"open shop " implied publicity-a" notice to the which it did not hold good as
public that the particular business was being carried on and an invitation to them to take part in it." In fact, as stated at the appeal, as he did not show upon the external part of the shop that he sold poison within the shop, he did not "keep an open shop for the retailing......of poisons" within the Pharmacy Act, 1868. The "open shop " did not appear to trouble the judges at the Court of Appeal. Mr. Justice Cave said "the defendant kept a shop and in the shop retailed poison. He used the shop for retailing poison, and anyone was at liberty to go into the shop to ask for it, and would have been served. I cannot understand what a retailing of poison is if that is not." Judgment was accordingly given for the Pharmaceutical Society. The result is so far satisfactory, and the society must be congratulated, since the ruling of the county court judge would have debarred actions against grocers and others who retail poisons without placards to notify the fact.
ever, Dr. E.
-
AND METHYLENE BLUE IN MALARIA. DR. Rosinin investigating this subject, starts by assuming that changes of form on the part of the plasmodia or movements of the nuclei are evidence of life in the organisms. He placed blood from a patient with tertian ague, in which plasmodia were plentiful, under the microscope, and added a solution of quinine (1 in 5000). The drug did not seem to have the least effect on the movements of the organisms or their nuclei; in fact, ten hours after the addition of the quinine Dr. Rosin was able to demonstrate active movements of the nuclei, although the red corpuscles had undergone considerable change owing to the dilution of the blood. Under these circumstances it is difficult to account for the action of quinine in malaria, but Dr. Rosin suggests that it is in some way supported by other substances, due perhaps to chemical action, with which we are as yet unacquainted. With methylene blue the result was different. This substance is only absorbed into the blood in very small quantities, for if only moderate doses are administered it can at once be detected in the stools. Dr. Rosin, therefore, only employed a solution (normal saline solution) of about 1 in 20, 000. Immediately this very dilute solution was added to the blood all movement in the majority of the plasmodia ceased, and no further change could be detected in the nuclei, and, in addition, the parasites immediately began to take up the colouring matter. The great affinity of the living organisms for the stain is remarkable, for although in mass a distinct bluish tinge could be detected in the solution, yet in thin layers it appeared perfectly colourless. The addition of the stain also brought into view numerous organisms which had been before invisible. The action of methylene blue in malaria would, therefore, seem to be germicidal, not chemical.
QUININE
ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL. THE festival dinner of St. Mary’s Hospital was held at the Whitehall Rooms of the Hotel Metropole on Friday, June lst. His Royal Highness the Duke of York, who presided, pleaded earnestly for funds to enable the institution to carry on the work, begun fifty-two years ago, of relieving the sick po rina densely populated neighbourhood. "Bed for bed," said his Royal Highness, "St. Mary’s Hospital does more work than any hospital in London possessing a medical school, and the average cost per bed is under that of any of the large institu. tions of a similar nature." St. Mary’s, however, like many other hospitals, is unable to keep pace with the rapid growth of the population, and many who are in need of medical aid are reluctantly turned from its doors. The out-patients’ depart. ment has long been totally inadequate both from its size and from the bad ventilating and heating arrangements. The Prince of Wales in 1892 laid the foundation-stone of the Clarence Wing, the ground floor of which was to be occupied by a new out-patients’ department, but want of funds has prevented the completion of the work, A sum of 12, 000 is still needed before the work of constructing this department can be proceeded with, and the work of the hospital is thus seriously hindered. Added to this, 7000 is required to replace a sum which had to be withdrawn from the funds to meet a deficit incurred last year when the work done by the hospital exceeded that of any previous year, and the hospital is worse off than it has been for the past ten year?. During the evening subscriptions to the amount of 5282 10s. were announced, including 25 guineas from the chairman, .E200 from Mrs. E. Moore, 100 from Sir Wm. Broadbent, and 5 guineas from Cardinal Vaughan.
DOUBLE FACIAL PALSY. of this very unusual and troublesome condition, published by Dr. Moninzko, are referred to in a recent number of the Revue Newologique. The first case was that of a patient aged twenty-five, without any neurotic history, in whom the affection had appeared three months after he had suffered from a chancre. The condition was preceded by severe pain in the head, and this was followed by difficulty in deglutition and inability to smile, to whistle, and to close the eyes. There was complete absence of any emotional expression, and taste was affected in the anterior part of the tongue on both sides, while the reaction of degeneration was present in all the muscles of the face. Andsyphilitic remedies, combined with electrical treatment, were employed, and were followed in about eight months by an almost complete disappearance of the paralysis. The second case was somewhat different in its history. The patient was twenty-three years of age, and had suffered from small-pox, Two
REFLEXES
IN SPINAL
CORD LESIONS.
IN an article in the j}[edical Chronicle Dr. Ernest Reynolds makes a contribution to this question of much interest. It is only within the last few years that particular attention has been given to this subject, thanks chiefly to the labours of Dr. Charlton Bastian, Dr. Hughlings Jackson, Dr. Thorburn, Dr. Bowlby, and others, and now it is fairly well recognised and accepted as a clinical fact, whatever the interpretation may be, that in cases of complete transverse lesion of the spinal cord the knee-jerks are lost. But Dr. E. Reynolds’s paper deals with another of the question, which has apparently been preaspect sented as a corollary to the fact mentioned-viz., that when a spinal cord lesion causes complete paralysis and loss of sensation of the legs the deep reflexes are always lost. This, according to Dr. E. Reynolds, is distinctly stated by Dr. Thorburn, and Dr. Bastian apparently looked upon a case in 1
Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift, No. 44, 1893.
severe
cases
headaches, and,
Two months
more
recently, granular conjunctivitis.
previously he had had violent pains on the right
1462 an
a unique one. This view, how. does not hold, and in reference to it he Reynolds of two In the first case, that of cases. gives particulars a labourer aged thirty - nine, who fell and injured his back, there were total paralysis of sensation and motion in the legs, a flaccid condition of the muscles, and absence of knee-jerks with increased superficial reflexes. The second case was that of a girl aged thirteen with marked spinal curvature, total paralysis of sensation and motion in the legs, with marked exaggeration of the knee-jerks, ankleclonus, and increased superficial reflexes. Of course it might be argued that such cases, the actual condition of the spinal cord not being known, prove nothing, but, as Dr. E. Reynolds points out, they certainly show that with injury or disease of the spinal cord producing total loss of sensation and motion of the lower limbs there is not necessarily a flaccid paralysis of the legs or an absence of the reflexes.
"open shop " implied publicity-a" notice to the which it did not hold good as
public that the particular business was being carried on and an invitation to them to take part in it." In fact, as stated at the appeal, as he did not show upon the external part of the shop that he sold poison within the shop, he did not "keep an open shop for the retailing......of poisons" within the Pharmacy Act, 1868. The "open shop " did not appear to trouble the judges at the Court of Appeal. Mr. Justice Cave said "the defendant kept a shop and in the shop retailed poison. He used the shop for retailing poison, and anyone was at liberty to go into the shop to ask for it, and would have been served. I cannot understand what a retailing of poison is if that is not." Judgment was accordingly given for the Pharmaceutical Society. The result is so far satisfactory, and the society must be congratulated, since the ruling of the county court judge would have debarred actions against grocers and others who retail poisons without placards to notify the fact.
ever, Dr. E.
-
AND METHYLENE BLUE IN MALARIA. DR. Rosinin investigating this subject, starts by assuming that changes of form on the part of the plasmodia or movements of the nuclei are evidence of life in the organisms. He placed blood from a patient with tertian ague, in which plasmodia were plentiful, under the microscope, and added a solution of quinine (1 in 5000). The drug did not seem to have the least effect on the movements of the organisms or their nuclei; in fact, ten hours after the addition of the quinine Dr. Rosin was able to demonstrate active movements of the nuclei, although the red corpuscles had undergone considerable change owing to the dilution of the blood. Under these circumstances it is difficult to account for the action of quinine in malaria, but Dr. Rosin suggests that it is in some way supported by other substances, due perhaps to chemical action, with which we are as yet unacquainted. With methylene blue the result was different. This substance is only absorbed into the blood in very small quantities, for if only moderate doses are administered it can at once be detected in the stools. Dr. Rosin, therefore, only employed a solution (normal saline solution) of about 1 in 20, 000. Immediately this very dilute solution was added to the blood all movement in the majority of the plasmodia ceased, and no further change could be detected in the nuclei, and, in addition, the parasites immediately began to take up the colouring matter. The great affinity of the living organisms for the stain is remarkable, for although in mass a distinct bluish tinge could be detected in the solution, yet in thin layers it appeared perfectly colourless. The addition of the stain also brought into view numerous organisms which had been before invisible. The action of methylene blue in malaria would, therefore, seem to be germicidal, not chemical.
QUININE
ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL. THE festival dinner of St. Mary’s Hospital was held at the Whitehall Rooms of the Hotel Metropole on Friday, June lst. His Royal Highness the Duke of York, who presided, pleaded earnestly for funds to enable the institution to carry on the work, begun fifty-two years ago, of relieving the sick po rina densely populated neighbourhood. "Bed for bed," said his Royal Highness, "St. Mary’s Hospital does more work than any hospital in London possessing a medical school, and the average cost per bed is under that of any of the large institu. tions of a similar nature." St. Mary’s, however, like many other hospitals, is unable to keep pace with the rapid growth of the population, and many who are in need of medical aid are reluctantly turned from its doors. The out-patients’ depart. ment has long been totally inadequate both from its size and from the bad ventilating and heating arrangements. The Prince of Wales in 1892 laid the foundation-stone of the Clarence Wing, the ground floor of which was to be occupied by a new out-patients’ department, but want of funds has prevented the completion of the work, A sum of 12, 000 is still needed before the work of constructing this department can be proceeded with, and the work of the hospital is thus seriously hindered. Added to this, 7000 is required to replace a sum which had to be withdrawn from the funds to meet a deficit incurred last year when the work done by the hospital exceeded that of any previous year, and the hospital is worse off than it has been for the past ten year?. During the evening subscriptions to the amount of 5282 10s. were announced, including 25 guineas from the chairman, .E200 from Mrs. E. Moore, 100 from Sir Wm. Broadbent, and 5 guineas from Cardinal Vaughan.
DOUBLE FACIAL PALSY. of this very unusual and troublesome condition, published by Dr. Moninzko, are referred to in a recent number of the Revue Newologique. The first case was that of a patient aged twenty-five, without any neurotic history, in whom the affection had appeared three months after he had suffered from a chancre. The condition was preceded by severe pain in the head, and this was followed by difficulty in deglutition and inability to smile, to whistle, and to close the eyes. There was complete absence of any emotional expression, and taste was affected in the anterior part of the tongue on both sides, while the reaction of degeneration was present in all the muscles of the face. Andsyphilitic remedies, combined with electrical treatment, were employed, and were followed in about eight months by an almost complete disappearance of the paralysis. The second case was somewhat different in its history. The patient was twenty-three years of age, and had suffered from small-pox, Two
REFLEXES
IN SPINAL
CORD LESIONS.
IN an article in the j}[edical Chronicle Dr. Ernest Reynolds makes a contribution to this question of much interest. It is only within the last few years that particular attention has been given to this subject, thanks chiefly to the labours of Dr. Charlton Bastian, Dr. Hughlings Jackson, Dr. Thorburn, Dr. Bowlby, and others, and now it is fairly well recognised and accepted as a clinical fact, whatever the interpretation may be, that in cases of complete transverse lesion of the spinal cord the knee-jerks are lost. But Dr. E. Reynolds’s paper deals with another of the question, which has apparently been preaspect sented as a corollary to the fact mentioned-viz., that when a spinal cord lesion causes complete paralysis and loss of sensation of the legs the deep reflexes are always lost. This, according to Dr. E. Reynolds, is distinctly stated by Dr. Thorburn, and Dr. Bastian apparently looked upon a case in 1
Deutsche Medicinische Wochenschrift, No. 44, 1893.
severe
cases
headaches, and,
Two months
more
recently, granular conjunctivitis.
previously he had had violent pains on the right