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"MENTALLY EXCEPTIONAL" CHILDREN.
THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE ORGANISM OF SYPHILIS.
1178 many other
equally dangerous poisons
impunity by the"patent Chicago,
Oct.
medicine I am,
"
can
be used with
manufacturer.
Sir, yours faithfully, ARTHUR J. CRAMP.
11th, 1912.
"MENTALLY EXCEPTIONAL" CHILDREN. To the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,-It is quite clear that the class of children alluded
to
last week in an annotation under this heading, and described by Dr. Ziehen as psychopathic, if not saved for construotive work, are destined to become destructive forces in the - environment in which they are situated. It seems to be his object to evolve methods of education and to provide special institutions for their care and supervision, in order that this human wastage may be avoided. In America it has been suggested by the National Association for the Study and Education of Exceptional Children that the waste products or by-products of our social organisation, and among them may be counted the exceptional child, may possibly prove as commercially valuable to the State as many former waste products of industry are now found to be under improved processes of manufacture. This sounds to me rather speculative optimism, although as an incentive to action the view has its value. The great difficulty here, as in America, is to devise some reasonable system of grading such children in classes, for it is clear that the expense of giving each an individual education would be impracticable on the grounds of expense. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, ERIC PRITCHARD. Oct. 2lst, 1912.
be obtained. Some five of these sections I presented to Mr. E. H. Ross, whose brother is kind enough to admit that " they do show some "splodges." that Mr. H. C. Ross says there is no coil in the human parasite," but I have seen it in many instances both in living and in Giemsa stained specimens, and before I saw Mr. E. H. Ross’s paper I was familiar with the development of spirochastss from a coil from the writings of Danilewsky and Schaudinn, and I acknowledged my indebtedness to that paper out of courtesy, as Mr. E. H. Ross was working at the same subject, and, moreover, on material which I had unreservedly placed at his disposal. It was owing to Doflein’s and Kohler’s article in the Handbuch der Pathogenen Mikroorganismen," Band VII. 1, S. 88 and 89, under the heading " Gattung Leucocytozoon Danilewsky," that I ventured to suggest the name leucocytozoon for the analogous syphilitic parasite. And I cannot see that Mr. H. C. Ross has shown that the suggestion is "surely erroneous." In conclusion, I may add that on Oct. 17th I showed at the Dermatological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine 12 slides illustrating some of the phases I have described, at which meeting critics could have been present. I am sorry to trouble you with this lengthy letter, but I felt that Mr. H. C. Ross’s thinly veiled attack on my good faith in the matter called for an immediate reply. I am. Sir. vours faithfullv. J. E. R. MCDONAGH. Wimpole-street, W., Oct. 19th, 1912.
To the Editor of THE LANCET. to THE LANCET last week I wanted to letter SIR,—In my maintain that, since an undoubted parasite has been found in the cells of syphilitics, and since with the jelly method there is now a means of tracing its life-history in a way similar to that adopted for the homologous parasites of guinea-pigs and earthworms, it would be particularly harmful if, at this stage, we indulge in deductions, speculations, or names, based on incomplete evidence. I believe that this will be considered to be the right attitude to select.
THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE ORGANISM OF SYPHILIS. To the Editor if THE LANCET. SiR,-May I be allowed to controvert some of the stateT Sir faithfully ments made by Mr. H. C. Ross in THE LANCET of Oct. 19th? H. C. Ross. The John Howard McFadden Researches, The facts are as follows. In January of this year I was London, S.W., Oct. 21st, 1912. the clinical and observations menprompted by pathological tioned in my article to inquire into the life-history of the - organism of syphilis, as I felt convinced that the spiroTHE MISTAKES OF ASSISTANTS. climta pallida alone could not account for all the phenoTo the Editor of THE LANCET. mena. The lymphatic gland suggested itself to me as the most likely place for the other phases to occur, SIR,-Professor Waller again alludes to my suggestion that and I accordingly looked for and found them there. On the slight corrections to which he refers may have been made .Sept. 7th Mr. E. H. Ross came to the Lock Hospual for some by an assistant. In my experience this is just the sort of syphilitic material, when he was informed by my house thing that an assistant would do ; many, like myself, who surgeon, Mr. Moolgavkar, that I had been working at this desire minute accuracy have to suffer for the mistakes of subject for some months. Consequently, he came to see me others, in spite of every effort to prevent them. I will give at the hospital on Sept. 14th, when I informed him that I two recent instances. In the final proof of a paper of mine had found certain bodies in sections of lymphatic glands, for the Journal of Physiology Loewe was spelt correctly, but but I did not mention that I had also found them in vivo in the Jozcrnal of Physiology it appeared Loewi, the correcand in fixed films. On Sept. 18th I took two sections of tion having been made in seven places by the proof-reader. glands, one before, the other after, the administration The next instance is more remarkable. In the minutes of of "606," to the Lister Institute, and showed him the evidence taken before the Departmental Committee on I was then shown a speci- Sight Tests, in reply to question 492, "Has your way of bodies that I had found. men by the jelly method from a lymphatic gland which exhibiting the colour any advantage over Sir William lie had received from me that day, the other half of which Abney’s apparatus?"Isaid,"The method he has adopted I had investigated the same morning. I saw nothing more is not the same as he recommended previously. I do not than I had already seen, and I was not shown the complete know the methods that he now uses, except from the reports cycle of the parasite of the guinea-pig or of the earthworm, I have seen. But they seem to me to be very similar to as Mr. H. C. Ross asserts. Following on this came Sir mine, showing spectral lights of varied intensity. They are Ronald Ross’s announcement in the British llledical Journal , not the methods reconmended by the Royal Society Comof Sept. 28th that his brother, Mr. E. H. Ross, had mittee. Their method was to pick out the neutral point, found bodies in syphilis "not in the mononuclear leuco- and the trichromic has not got a neutral point. In fact, I cytes of the blood, but in large mononuclear cells squeezed took three cases of colour-blindness to Sir William Abney, from local lymphatics." I was not anxious to publish and he passed them all." This is given correctly on page 26. This reply is quoted in a question in Sir W. Abney’s my observations until I had had the opportunity of ascertaining the action of 606"on- what I took to be the evidence on page 58 of the Report as follows :" The method spores, but this announcement appearing so soon after Mr. I he has adopted is not the same as was recommended E. H. Ross began his work, and after his examination of the previously. I do not know the methods that he does use, first lymphatic gland I had supplied him with, left me no except from the reports I have seen. But they seem to me option. It is not clear why Mr. E. H. Ross did not to be very similar to mine, showing spectral lights and announce his own discovery, or why he left the attack on shutters inside. They are not the methods reported by the my article to another brother. My deductions were not Royal Society Committee. Their method was to pick out solely drawn from sections, as I had seen the bodies both the neutral point, and the trichromic has not got a neutral alive stained by the borax methylene blue method and in point. In fact, I took three cases of colour-blindness to films stained with Giemsa, but I was especially glad to find Sir William Abney and he passed them all." them in sections, as in this way permanent specimens could The portions which differ in the erroneous version are in am
"
vnnre
1178 many other
equally dangerous poisons
impunity by the"patent Chicago,
Oct.
medicine I am,
"
can
be used with
manufacturer.
Sir, yours faithfully, ARTHUR J. CRAMP.
11th, 1912.
"MENTALLY EXCEPTIONAL" CHILDREN. To the Editor of THE LANCET. SIR,-It is quite clear that the class of children alluded
to
last week in an annotation under this heading, and described by Dr. Ziehen as psychopathic, if not saved for construotive work, are destined to become destructive forces in the - environment in which they are situated. It seems to be his object to evolve methods of education and to provide special institutions for their care and supervision, in order that this human wastage may be avoided. In America it has been suggested by the National Association for the Study and Education of Exceptional Children that the waste products or by-products of our social organisation, and among them may be counted the exceptional child, may possibly prove as commercially valuable to the State as many former waste products of industry are now found to be under improved processes of manufacture. This sounds to me rather speculative optimism, although as an incentive to action the view has its value. The great difficulty here, as in America, is to devise some reasonable system of grading such children in classes, for it is clear that the expense of giving each an individual education would be impracticable on the grounds of expense. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, ERIC PRITCHARD. Oct. 2lst, 1912.
be obtained. Some five of these sections I presented to Mr. E. H. Ross, whose brother is kind enough to admit that " they do show some "splodges." that Mr. H. C. Ross says there is no coil in the human parasite," but I have seen it in many instances both in living and in Giemsa stained specimens, and before I saw Mr. E. H. Ross’s paper I was familiar with the development of spirochastss from a coil from the writings of Danilewsky and Schaudinn, and I acknowledged my indebtedness to that paper out of courtesy, as Mr. E. H. Ross was working at the same subject, and, moreover, on material which I had unreservedly placed at his disposal. It was owing to Doflein’s and Kohler’s article in the Handbuch der Pathogenen Mikroorganismen," Band VII. 1, S. 88 and 89, under the heading " Gattung Leucocytozoon Danilewsky," that I ventured to suggest the name leucocytozoon for the analogous syphilitic parasite. And I cannot see that Mr. H. C. Ross has shown that the suggestion is "surely erroneous." In conclusion, I may add that on Oct. 17th I showed at the Dermatological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine 12 slides illustrating some of the phases I have described, at which meeting critics could have been present. I am sorry to trouble you with this lengthy letter, but I felt that Mr. H. C. Ross’s thinly veiled attack on my good faith in the matter called for an immediate reply. I am. Sir. vours faithfullv. J. E. R. MCDONAGH. Wimpole-street, W., Oct. 19th, 1912.
To the Editor of THE LANCET. to THE LANCET last week I wanted to letter SIR,—In my maintain that, since an undoubted parasite has been found in the cells of syphilitics, and since with the jelly method there is now a means of tracing its life-history in a way similar to that adopted for the homologous parasites of guinea-pigs and earthworms, it would be particularly harmful if, at this stage, we indulge in deductions, speculations, or names, based on incomplete evidence. I believe that this will be considered to be the right attitude to select.
THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE ORGANISM OF SYPHILIS. To the Editor if THE LANCET. SiR,-May I be allowed to controvert some of the stateT Sir faithfully ments made by Mr. H. C. Ross in THE LANCET of Oct. 19th? H. C. Ross. The John Howard McFadden Researches, The facts are as follows. In January of this year I was London, S.W., Oct. 21st, 1912. the clinical and observations menprompted by pathological tioned in my article to inquire into the life-history of the - organism of syphilis, as I felt convinced that the spiroTHE MISTAKES OF ASSISTANTS. climta pallida alone could not account for all the phenoTo the Editor of THE LANCET. mena. The lymphatic gland suggested itself to me as the most likely place for the other phases to occur, SIR,-Professor Waller again alludes to my suggestion that and I accordingly looked for and found them there. On the slight corrections to which he refers may have been made .Sept. 7th Mr. E. H. Ross came to the Lock Hospual for some by an assistant. In my experience this is just the sort of syphilitic material, when he was informed by my house thing that an assistant would do ; many, like myself, who surgeon, Mr. Moolgavkar, that I had been working at this desire minute accuracy have to suffer for the mistakes of subject for some months. Consequently, he came to see me others, in spite of every effort to prevent them. I will give at the hospital on Sept. 14th, when I informed him that I two recent instances. In the final proof of a paper of mine had found certain bodies in sections of lymphatic glands, for the Journal of Physiology Loewe was spelt correctly, but but I did not mention that I had also found them in vivo in the Jozcrnal of Physiology it appeared Loewi, the correcand in fixed films. On Sept. 18th I took two sections of tion having been made in seven places by the proof-reader. glands, one before, the other after, the administration The next instance is more remarkable. In the minutes of of "606," to the Lister Institute, and showed him the evidence taken before the Departmental Committee on I was then shown a speci- Sight Tests, in reply to question 492, "Has your way of bodies that I had found. men by the jelly method from a lymphatic gland which exhibiting the colour any advantage over Sir William lie had received from me that day, the other half of which Abney’s apparatus?"Isaid,"The method he has adopted I had investigated the same morning. I saw nothing more is not the same as he recommended previously. I do not than I had already seen, and I was not shown the complete know the methods that he now uses, except from the reports cycle of the parasite of the guinea-pig or of the earthworm, I have seen. But they seem to me to be very similar to as Mr. H. C. Ross asserts. Following on this came Sir mine, showing spectral lights of varied intensity. They are Ronald Ross’s announcement in the British llledical Journal , not the methods reconmended by the Royal Society Comof Sept. 28th that his brother, Mr. E. H. Ross, had mittee. Their method was to pick out the neutral point, found bodies in syphilis "not in the mononuclear leuco- and the trichromic has not got a neutral point. In fact, I cytes of the blood, but in large mononuclear cells squeezed took three cases of colour-blindness to Sir William Abney, from local lymphatics." I was not anxious to publish and he passed them all." This is given correctly on page 26. This reply is quoted in a question in Sir W. Abney’s my observations until I had had the opportunity of ascertaining the action of 606"on- what I took to be the evidence on page 58 of the Report as follows :" The method spores, but this announcement appearing so soon after Mr. I he has adopted is not the same as was recommended E. H. Ross began his work, and after his examination of the previously. I do not know the methods that he does use, first lymphatic gland I had supplied him with, left me no except from the reports I have seen. But they seem to me option. It is not clear why Mr. E. H. Ross did not to be very similar to mine, showing spectral lights and announce his own discovery, or why he left the attack on shutters inside. They are not the methods reported by the my article to another brother. My deductions were not Royal Society Committee. Their method was to pick out solely drawn from sections, as I had seen the bodies both the neutral point, and the trichromic has not got a neutral alive stained by the borax methylene blue method and in point. In fact, I took three cases of colour-blindness to films stained with Giemsa, but I was especially glad to find Sir William Abney and he passed them all." them in sections, as in this way permanent specimens could The portions which differ in the erroneous version are in am
"
vnnre