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Radioimmunoassay — Renin — Angiotensin
BIOCHEMICAL E D U C A T I O N
4~I
5
__
April 1979 Vol. 7 No. 2
~H
5
,
N
8
I
{I}
I
8 (II}
a b u n d a n t supporting spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction and theoretical evidence (1-5). Indeed, this predominance is usually emphasized when the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme is being discussed. Here, I wish to point out that there is also a preference for the lactam form in the pteridine ring of folic acid and derivatives. IR, UV, NMR, X-ray diffraction, model and theoretical studies all show the predominance of the lactam form having - N H 2 and - N H - C O - groups on the pteridine ring (6-13). Therefore, to be consistent and more accurate, the structure of folic acid (F), its reduced forms (FH z and FH4) and many other 2-amino4-hydroxy-pteridine analogs (from pH 6 - 9 ) should have the pyrimidine moiety of the pteridine ring represented as in I. It is worth emphasizing that the coenzyme and its derivatives would have different physical and biological properties depending on which tautomeric form they take on. Bhinyo Panijpan Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University R a m a VI Road, Bangkok 4, Thailand
REFERENCES XElguero, J., Marzin, C., Katritzky, A. R., and Linda, P., "The Tautomerism of Heterocycles, Supplement 1", Academic Press, New York, 1976, p 54, 158 and 161, pp 523-525 and references therein. 2Brown, D. J., Hoerger, E., and Mason, S. F., J. Chem. Soc. 211 and 4035 (1955). 3Rao, C. N. R., "Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy", Butterworths, London, 1961, pp 57-58.
Radioimmunoassay m Renin m Angiotensin Sub-title: P r i n c i p l e s of R a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y and their a p p l i c a t i o n s in m e a s u r i n g R e n i n a n d A n g i o t e n s i n . E d i t e d by D . K. K r a u s e , W . H u m m e r i c h a n d K. P o u l s e n . Pp 212. G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g , S t u t t g a r t . 1978. D i s t r i b u t e d in t h e U S A a n d C a n a d a by P S G P u b l i s h i n g Co. Inc. L i t t l e t o n , M a . U S A . D M 68. This book is an expanded version of a Symposium held in Cologne in 1976. It is entirely in English and suffers very few errors due to translation and these are all easily identified. There are three sections devoted to "Principles and Problems of RIA", "Principles and Problems of Renin Measuring Methods" and "Physiological and Drug-lnduced Variations of Renin Values". The 27 chapters are appropriately grouped, apart from the last chapter in the RIA section which seems somehow to have strayed from one of the other sections. The approach of demonstrating the principles of RIA by applying them to a single assay system is good. This device is used well and the problem areas encountered in developing a reliable and good quality assay are well identified and discussed. However, there are only 70 pages devoted to this section with the remaining 132 pages taken up with the other two sections. This means that the major benefit of this book will be to those involved in hypertensive studies who wish to exploit RIA as an analytical tool. Although there are
39
4Palmer, M. H., "The Structure and Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds", St. Martin's Press, New York, 1967, pp 76-77 and pp 403-408. SJonas, I. and Michl, J., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 100, 6834 (1978). ~Reference 1, p 142,165,192, 196, and references therein. rKatritzky, A. R. "Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume II", Academic Press, New York, 1963, p 271. SNishimoto, K., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 40, 2493 (1967). 9Mfiller, G., and yon Philipsborn, W., Helv. Chim. Acta, 56, 2680 (1973). 1°Albert, A., "Heterocyclic Chemistry", Univ. London Press (Athlone), London, 1959, pp 60-62. nPerault, A., and Pullman, B., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 44, 251 (1960). aZMason, S. F., J. Chem. Soc., 4874 and 5010 (1957). a3Huennekens, F. M., and Scrimgeour, K. F., in "Pteridine Chemistry", eds. W. Pfleiderer and E. C. Taylor, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, p. 360.
Textbooks Showing Lactam Form 1. D. E. Metzler, "Biochemistry", Academic Press, New York, 1977, p 495 and p 497. 2. H. R. Mahler and E. H. Cordes, "Biological Chemistry", 2nd edition, Harper & Row, New York, 1971, p 406. 3. A. White, P. Handler and E. L. Smith, "Principles of Biochemistry", 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p 640. 4. R. Barker, "Organic Chemistry of Biological C o m p o u n d s " , Prentice Hall, New York, 1971, p 357.
Textbooks Showing Lactim Form 1. H. R. Mahler and E. H. Cordes, "Biological Chemistry", 2nd edition, Harper & Row, New York, 1971, p 834. 2. E. E. Conn and P. K. Stumpf, "Outlines of Biochemistry", 4th edition, Wiley, 1976, p 220. 3. A. White, P. Handler and E. L. Smith, "Principles of Biochemistry" 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p 642. 4. M. Yudkin and R. Offord, "Comprehensible Biochemistry", Longman, London, 1973, p 386. 5. L. Stryer, "Biochemistry", Freeman, San Francisco, 1975, p 506. 6. A. L. Lehninger, "Biochemistry", 2nd edition, Worth, New York, 1975, p 346. very clear and concise chapters in the RIA section, particularly on Antiserum Induction, Assay Blanks and Separation Systems, they are of insufficient depth to be more than an introduction, or reminder, to workers in the field. The bibliography attached to each chapter is extensive and therefore valuable. The absence of a chapter on radioactive tracer preparation is a serious omission, particularly as the decapeptide Angiotensin-I can usefully be used to illustrate the techniques and problems involved. The chapters on the renin assay system are comprehensive with presentation of new data and a review of past data accompanied by reliable bibliographies. The clear and concise way in which many of the difficult problems associated with this system are identified and discussed will be of considerable use to those coming to this field for the first time. The many diagrams and tables of results help to clarity this complex field of clinical chemistry. For those working in RIA this book is certainly worth a read, at least up to page 70. Those more actively engaged in work with the renin-angiotensin system may well find that this book meets the editors claim that "it may be used both for reference and as a practical took for everyday work". As a source book for either field the extensive, almost encyclopaedic, bibliographies have a lot to recommend this as a book which may find much use in a library. D. Huckle Medical Products Development The Radiochemical Centre Amersham, HP7 9LL. U.K.
4~I
5
__
April 1979 Vol. 7 No. 2
~H
5
,
N
8
I
{I}
I
8 (II}
a b u n d a n t supporting spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction and theoretical evidence (1-5). Indeed, this predominance is usually emphasized when the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme is being discussed. Here, I wish to point out that there is also a preference for the lactam form in the pteridine ring of folic acid and derivatives. IR, UV, NMR, X-ray diffraction, model and theoretical studies all show the predominance of the lactam form having - N H 2 and - N H - C O - groups on the pteridine ring (6-13). Therefore, to be consistent and more accurate, the structure of folic acid (F), its reduced forms (FH z and FH4) and many other 2-amino4-hydroxy-pteridine analogs (from pH 6 - 9 ) should have the pyrimidine moiety of the pteridine ring represented as in I. It is worth emphasizing that the coenzyme and its derivatives would have different physical and biological properties depending on which tautomeric form they take on. Bhinyo Panijpan Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University R a m a VI Road, Bangkok 4, Thailand
REFERENCES XElguero, J., Marzin, C., Katritzky, A. R., and Linda, P., "The Tautomerism of Heterocycles, Supplement 1", Academic Press, New York, 1976, p 54, 158 and 161, pp 523-525 and references therein. 2Brown, D. J., Hoerger, E., and Mason, S. F., J. Chem. Soc. 211 and 4035 (1955). 3Rao, C. N. R., "Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy", Butterworths, London, 1961, pp 57-58.
Radioimmunoassay m Renin m Angiotensin Sub-title: P r i n c i p l e s of R a d i o i m m u n o a s s a y and their a p p l i c a t i o n s in m e a s u r i n g R e n i n a n d A n g i o t e n s i n . E d i t e d by D . K. K r a u s e , W . H u m m e r i c h a n d K. P o u l s e n . Pp 212. G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g , S t u t t g a r t . 1978. D i s t r i b u t e d in t h e U S A a n d C a n a d a by P S G P u b l i s h i n g Co. Inc. L i t t l e t o n , M a . U S A . D M 68. This book is an expanded version of a Symposium held in Cologne in 1976. It is entirely in English and suffers very few errors due to translation and these are all easily identified. There are three sections devoted to "Principles and Problems of RIA", "Principles and Problems of Renin Measuring Methods" and "Physiological and Drug-lnduced Variations of Renin Values". The 27 chapters are appropriately grouped, apart from the last chapter in the RIA section which seems somehow to have strayed from one of the other sections. The approach of demonstrating the principles of RIA by applying them to a single assay system is good. This device is used well and the problem areas encountered in developing a reliable and good quality assay are well identified and discussed. However, there are only 70 pages devoted to this section with the remaining 132 pages taken up with the other two sections. This means that the major benefit of this book will be to those involved in hypertensive studies who wish to exploit RIA as an analytical tool. Although there are
39
4Palmer, M. H., "The Structure and Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds", St. Martin's Press, New York, 1967, pp 76-77 and pp 403-408. SJonas, I. and Michl, J., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 100, 6834 (1978). ~Reference 1, p 142,165,192, 196, and references therein. rKatritzky, A. R. "Physical Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Volume II", Academic Press, New York, 1963, p 271. SNishimoto, K., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 40, 2493 (1967). 9Mfiller, G., and yon Philipsborn, W., Helv. Chim. Acta, 56, 2680 (1973). 1°Albert, A., "Heterocyclic Chemistry", Univ. London Press (Athlone), London, 1959, pp 60-62. nPerault, A., and Pullman, B., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 44, 251 (1960). aZMason, S. F., J. Chem. Soc., 4874 and 5010 (1957). a3Huennekens, F. M., and Scrimgeour, K. F., in "Pteridine Chemistry", eds. W. Pfleiderer and E. C. Taylor, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964, p. 360.
Textbooks Showing Lactam Form 1. D. E. Metzler, "Biochemistry", Academic Press, New York, 1977, p 495 and p 497. 2. H. R. Mahler and E. H. Cordes, "Biological Chemistry", 2nd edition, Harper & Row, New York, 1971, p 406. 3. A. White, P. Handler and E. L. Smith, "Principles of Biochemistry", 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p 640. 4. R. Barker, "Organic Chemistry of Biological C o m p o u n d s " , Prentice Hall, New York, 1971, p 357.
Textbooks Showing Lactim Form 1. H. R. Mahler and E. H. Cordes, "Biological Chemistry", 2nd edition, Harper & Row, New York, 1971, p 834. 2. E. E. Conn and P. K. Stumpf, "Outlines of Biochemistry", 4th edition, Wiley, 1976, p 220. 3. A. White, P. Handler and E. L. Smith, "Principles of Biochemistry" 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p 642. 4. M. Yudkin and R. Offord, "Comprehensible Biochemistry", Longman, London, 1973, p 386. 5. L. Stryer, "Biochemistry", Freeman, San Francisco, 1975, p 506. 6. A. L. Lehninger, "Biochemistry", 2nd edition, Worth, New York, 1975, p 346. very clear and concise chapters in the RIA section, particularly on Antiserum Induction, Assay Blanks and Separation Systems, they are of insufficient depth to be more than an introduction, or reminder, to workers in the field. The bibliography attached to each chapter is extensive and therefore valuable. The absence of a chapter on radioactive tracer preparation is a serious omission, particularly as the decapeptide Angiotensin-I can usefully be used to illustrate the techniques and problems involved. The chapters on the renin assay system are comprehensive with presentation of new data and a review of past data accompanied by reliable bibliographies. The clear and concise way in which many of the difficult problems associated with this system are identified and discussed will be of considerable use to those coming to this field for the first time. The many diagrams and tables of results help to clarity this complex field of clinical chemistry. For those working in RIA this book is certainly worth a read, at least up to page 70. Those more actively engaged in work with the renin-angiotensin system may well find that this book meets the editors claim that "it may be used both for reference and as a practical took for everyday work". As a source book for either field the extensive, almost encyclopaedic, bibliographies have a lot to recommend this as a book which may find much use in a library. D. Huckle Medical Products Development The Radiochemical Centre Amersham, HP7 9LL. U.K.