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Rapid warming and infusion of packed red blood cells
The journai of Emergency -_
Medione.
Vol 5, pp 161-l 68. 1987
13 RAPID WARMING AND INFUSION OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS. Zorko MF, Polsky SS. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15:907-910. This study was performed to determine the efficacy of adding warmed normal saline (NS) to packed red blood cells (PRBC) in increasing the infusion rate and temperature of blood during transfusion. All PRBCs were refrigerated to 4°C until just prior to use. A Travenol” blood administration set with the macropore filter removed was used with the bag of PRBCs placed 42 inches above the 12 gauge angiocatheter outlet. The blood was allowed to run into a glass beaker. Results showed that PRBCs alone delivered through a Travenol@ blood coil warmer flowed at an average rate of 5.17g/min with a mean delivery temperature of 29°C. A similar unit of PRBCs with 250 ml of normal saline warmed to 45°C flowed through the infusion set at a rate of 57.72 g/min with a delivery temperature of 26°C. One unit of PRBCs with 250 ml of 45°C NS passed through the blood warmer flowed at a rate of 18.23 g/mm with a delivery temperature of 35.3”C. Plasma hemoglobin determined on units of PRBCs before and after the addition of warmed saline and after passage through the blood warmer and infusion system showed no evidence of significant hemolysis. Although the flow rates studied used outdated PRBCs, preliminary data indicated that the flow rate of outdated PRBCs through the infusion system was comparable to that of fresh PRBCs (10.08 g/min vs Il.5 g/min, respectively). The authors conclude that the addition of 250 ml of NS warmed to 45°C is helpful in both warming blood as well as increasing its delivery rate.
~ B
Prlnted in the USA
CopyrIght
??
EJ 1987 Pergamon
Journals I-td
__
They note that the macropore filter was only removed to allow re-use of the same equipment for the experiment and recommend that the filter remain in place for clinical use. [Alan F. Chou, MD] 0 DIPSTICKS FOR DETERMINING ABO BLOOD GROUPS. Plapp FV, Rachel JM, Sinor LT. Lancet June 28, 1986; 1465-1466. Dipsticks for determining ABO blood groups were developed, based upon the principles of dot immunobinding assays, by binding murine monoclonal anti-A or anti-B to positively charged nylon membranes. ABO typing is performed by applying one drop of whole blood to the nylon square, waiting one minute, and rinsing with saline. A red dot on the nylon square due to adherence of red cells to their corresponding antibody indicates a positive test. Total test time is approximately 3 min. To assess the performance of the ABO dipsticks, blood groups of 1897 donors were determined by dipstick and by a routine microplate agglutination method. For all blood groups tested correlation was 100%. Sensitivity of the dipsticks was determined by testing a panel of known weak subgroups of the A antigen and was found to be at least as sensitive as that of routine agglutination tests. Samples not detected by dipstick were those weaker than A, and detectable only by absorption and elution studies. ABO dipstick determination of blood groups is an inexpensive, accurate, simple, fast, and easy to interpret test which uses whole blood, does not require any instruments, is stable under ambient conditions, and is, therefore, well-suited for use away from the
Abstracts-designed to keep readers up to date by providing original abstracts of current literature from all fields relating to emergency medicine-are prepared by the Emergency Medicine Residents of the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago Illinois; and the Residency in Emergency Medicine in Denver General, St. Anthony’s, St. Joseph’s Porter Hospital and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, with editorial notes by Lynnette Doan- Wiggins, MD, University of Chicago Medical Center, and Peter Rosen, MD, Editor-in-Chief, JEM. 0736-4679187 161
$3.00
+ .OO
Medione.
Vol 5, pp 161-l 68. 1987
13 RAPID WARMING AND INFUSION OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS. Zorko MF, Polsky SS. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15:907-910. This study was performed to determine the efficacy of adding warmed normal saline (NS) to packed red blood cells (PRBC) in increasing the infusion rate and temperature of blood during transfusion. All PRBCs were refrigerated to 4°C until just prior to use. A Travenol” blood administration set with the macropore filter removed was used with the bag of PRBCs placed 42 inches above the 12 gauge angiocatheter outlet. The blood was allowed to run into a glass beaker. Results showed that PRBCs alone delivered through a Travenol@ blood coil warmer flowed at an average rate of 5.17g/min with a mean delivery temperature of 29°C. A similar unit of PRBCs with 250 ml of normal saline warmed to 45°C flowed through the infusion set at a rate of 57.72 g/min with a delivery temperature of 26°C. One unit of PRBCs with 250 ml of 45°C NS passed through the blood warmer flowed at a rate of 18.23 g/mm with a delivery temperature of 35.3”C. Plasma hemoglobin determined on units of PRBCs before and after the addition of warmed saline and after passage through the blood warmer and infusion system showed no evidence of significant hemolysis. Although the flow rates studied used outdated PRBCs, preliminary data indicated that the flow rate of outdated PRBCs through the infusion system was comparable to that of fresh PRBCs (10.08 g/min vs Il.5 g/min, respectively). The authors conclude that the addition of 250 ml of NS warmed to 45°C is helpful in both warming blood as well as increasing its delivery rate.
~ B
Prlnted in the USA
CopyrIght
??
EJ 1987 Pergamon
Journals I-td
__
They note that the macropore filter was only removed to allow re-use of the same equipment for the experiment and recommend that the filter remain in place for clinical use. [Alan F. Chou, MD] 0 DIPSTICKS FOR DETERMINING ABO BLOOD GROUPS. Plapp FV, Rachel JM, Sinor LT. Lancet June 28, 1986; 1465-1466. Dipsticks for determining ABO blood groups were developed, based upon the principles of dot immunobinding assays, by binding murine monoclonal anti-A or anti-B to positively charged nylon membranes. ABO typing is performed by applying one drop of whole blood to the nylon square, waiting one minute, and rinsing with saline. A red dot on the nylon square due to adherence of red cells to their corresponding antibody indicates a positive test. Total test time is approximately 3 min. To assess the performance of the ABO dipsticks, blood groups of 1897 donors were determined by dipstick and by a routine microplate agglutination method. For all blood groups tested correlation was 100%. Sensitivity of the dipsticks was determined by testing a panel of known weak subgroups of the A antigen and was found to be at least as sensitive as that of routine agglutination tests. Samples not detected by dipstick were those weaker than A, and detectable only by absorption and elution studies. ABO dipstick determination of blood groups is an inexpensive, accurate, simple, fast, and easy to interpret test which uses whole blood, does not require any instruments, is stable under ambient conditions, and is, therefore, well-suited for use away from the
Abstracts-designed to keep readers up to date by providing original abstracts of current literature from all fields relating to emergency medicine-are prepared by the Emergency Medicine Residents of the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago Illinois; and the Residency in Emergency Medicine in Denver General, St. Anthony’s, St. Joseph’s Porter Hospital and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, with editorial notes by Lynnette Doan- Wiggins, MD, University of Chicago Medical Center, and Peter Rosen, MD, Editor-in-Chief, JEM. 0736-4679187 161
$3.00
+ .OO