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Re: Inhibitory Effect of Rutin and Curcumin on Experimentally-Induced Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Rats
354
UROLITHIASIS/ENDOUROLOGY
Editorial Comment: This is an exciting technology that could certainly be a useful adjunct in certain ureteroscopic and percutaneous stone removal procedures. Attempts at removing small mobile stones may at times generate surgical frustration! Dean Assimos, M.D.
Re: Inhibitory Effect of Rutin and Curcumin on Experimentally-Induced Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Rats J. Ghodasara, A. Pawar, C. Deshmukh and B. Kuchekar Department of Pharmacology, MAEER’s Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Maharashtra, India Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2: 388 –392.
Background: Renal epithelial cell injury by reactive oxygen species is pre-requisite step in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Rutin and curcumin are polyphenolic compounds known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but their effect on urolithiasis is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we have investigated the inhibitory effect of rutin and curcumin on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced experimentally by administration of 0.75% V/V ethylene glycol with 1% w/V ammonium chloride in drinking water for three days followed by only 0.75% V/V ethylene glycol for 25 days. Rutin (20 mg/kg body weight) and curcumin (60 mg/kg body weight) were given once daily for 28 days by oral route. After treatment period, calcium and oxalate levels in urine and kidney tissue homogenate were measured. Kidney was also used for histopathological examination. Results: Stone-induction with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride resulted in elevated levels of calcium and oxalate in the urine and kidney sample, whereas supplementation of rutin and curcumin restored it near to normal. Histopathological study revealed minimum tissue damage and less number of calcium oxalate deposits in kidney of animal treated with rutin and curcumin as compared to calculi-induced animal. Conclusion: The data suggest that the rutin and curcumin inhibits calcium oxalate urolithiasis. This effect is mediated possibly through a lowering of urinary concentration of stone forming constituents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Editorial Comment: Endogenous oxalate synthesis may be stimulated by oxidative stress, which may be the underlying reason for reduced oxalate excretion seen in the animals treated with antioxidants. Dean Assimos, M.D.
Re: Chlorthalidone Improves Vertebral Bone Quality in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats D. A. Bushinsky, T. Willett, J. R. Asplin, C. Culbertson, S. P. Che and M. Grynpas Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26: 1904 –1912.
We have bred a strain of rats to maximize urine (u) calcium (Ca) excretion and model hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. These genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats excrete more uCa than control Sprague-Dawley rats, uniformly form kidney stones, and similar to patients, demonstrate lower bone mineral density. Clinically, thiazide diuretics reduce uCa and prevent stone formation; however, whether they benefit bone is not clear. We used GHS rats to test the hypothesis that the thiazide diuretic chlorthalidone (CTD) would have a favorable effect on bone density and quality. Twenty GHS rats received a fixed amount of a 1.2% Ca diet, and half also were fed CTD (4 to 5 mg/kg/d). Rats fed CTD had a marked reduction in uCa. The axial and appendicular skeletons were studied. An increase in trabecular mineralization was observed with CTD compared with controls. CTD also improved the architecture of trabecular bone. Using micro-computed tomography (CT), trabecular bone volume
UROLITHIASIS/ENDOUROLOGY
Editorial Comment: This is an exciting technology that could certainly be a useful adjunct in certain ureteroscopic and percutaneous stone removal procedures. Attempts at removing small mobile stones may at times generate surgical frustration! Dean Assimos, M.D.
Re: Inhibitory Effect of Rutin and Curcumin on Experimentally-Induced Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Rats J. Ghodasara, A. Pawar, C. Deshmukh and B. Kuchekar Department of Pharmacology, MAEER’s Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Maharashtra, India Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2: 388 –392.
Background: Renal epithelial cell injury by reactive oxygen species is pre-requisite step in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Rutin and curcumin are polyphenolic compounds known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but their effect on urolithiasis is yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we have investigated the inhibitory effect of rutin and curcumin on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced experimentally by administration of 0.75% V/V ethylene glycol with 1% w/V ammonium chloride in drinking water for three days followed by only 0.75% V/V ethylene glycol for 25 days. Rutin (20 mg/kg body weight) and curcumin (60 mg/kg body weight) were given once daily for 28 days by oral route. After treatment period, calcium and oxalate levels in urine and kidney tissue homogenate were measured. Kidney was also used for histopathological examination. Results: Stone-induction with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride resulted in elevated levels of calcium and oxalate in the urine and kidney sample, whereas supplementation of rutin and curcumin restored it near to normal. Histopathological study revealed minimum tissue damage and less number of calcium oxalate deposits in kidney of animal treated with rutin and curcumin as compared to calculi-induced animal. Conclusion: The data suggest that the rutin and curcumin inhibits calcium oxalate urolithiasis. This effect is mediated possibly through a lowering of urinary concentration of stone forming constituents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Editorial Comment: Endogenous oxalate synthesis may be stimulated by oxidative stress, which may be the underlying reason for reduced oxalate excretion seen in the animals treated with antioxidants. Dean Assimos, M.D.
Re: Chlorthalidone Improves Vertebral Bone Quality in Genetic Hypercalciuric Stone-Forming Rats D. A. Bushinsky, T. Willett, J. R. Asplin, C. Culbertson, S. P. Che and M. Grynpas Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26: 1904 –1912.
We have bred a strain of rats to maximize urine (u) calcium (Ca) excretion and model hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. These genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats excrete more uCa than control Sprague-Dawley rats, uniformly form kidney stones, and similar to patients, demonstrate lower bone mineral density. Clinically, thiazide diuretics reduce uCa and prevent stone formation; however, whether they benefit bone is not clear. We used GHS rats to test the hypothesis that the thiazide diuretic chlorthalidone (CTD) would have a favorable effect on bone density and quality. Twenty GHS rats received a fixed amount of a 1.2% Ca diet, and half also were fed CTD (4 to 5 mg/kg/d). Rats fed CTD had a marked reduction in uCa. The axial and appendicular skeletons were studied. An increase in trabecular mineralization was observed with CTD compared with controls. CTD also improved the architecture of trabecular bone. Using micro-computed tomography (CT), trabecular bone volume