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Reactivity of oxytocin in the Trier Social Stress Test: A proof of concept study
R. Reynolds / Psychoneuroendocrinology 61 (2015) 1–78
High and low fit women (n = 22 per group; in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) were subjected to a TSST (Kirschbaum, Pirke et al., 1993) at 1500 h. Blood samples were collected every 7–15 min from 1400h–1700 h for the measurement of concentrations of cortisol, Adr, NA and dopamine (DA) which were compared within and between groups using repeated measures ANOVA. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) was higher (p < 0.001) in high fit women (41.9 ± 1.6 ml/kg min) compared with low fit women (27.4 ± 1.0 ml/kg min). Both groups responded to the TSST with a substantial elevation of cortisol (107%; p < 0.001), Adr (146%; p < 0.002), NA (92%; p < 0.001) and DA (44%; p < 0.001) but this response did not differ significantly between high and low fit women (time * treatment for cortisol, Adr, NA and DA; p = 0.987, p = 0.118, p = 0.169, p = 0.392, respectively). For DA, reactivity was higher (p = 0.009) in the low fit women compared with the high fit women. The response to psychosocial stress in both groups of women was substantial and robust and was not readily perturbed by differences in fitness levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.590
PO143 Restraint stress induces distinct changes in redox status within the hippocampus and striatum accompanied by an up-regulation of protective antioxidant genes Jereme Spiers ∗ , Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen, James Cuffe, Conrad Sernia, Nickolas Lavidis The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Psychological stress is a powerful causative factor in a myriad of chronic disease states. One stress-induced mechanism proposed to play a role in the aetiology of these conditions is the imbalance in the reduction/oxidation (redox) system. We have recently shown that indicators of redox status are extremely responsive to acute stress exposure. However, the relationship between psychological stress, central redox state, and potential protective mechanisms within specific neural regions is largely unknown. In this study, we have established a redox profile in the hippocampus and striatum along with mRNA levels of selected canonical and non-canonical antioxidants. Outbred male Wistar rats were subject to 0 (control), 60, 120, or 240 minutes of acute stress (n = 6–7 per group). The hippocampus and striatum were cryo-dissected for redox assays and relative gene expression. Restraint stress significantly elevated oxidative status and lipid peroxidation, while decreasing glutathione ratios overall indicative of oxidative stress in both neural regions. The hippocampus demonstrated increased glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 antioxidant expression which was not observed in the striatum, while both regions displayed robustly upregulated expression of the antioxidant, metallothionein 1a. Interestingly, expression of the master redox regulator, nuclear factor (erythroidderived 2)-like 2, decreased in the hippocampus following stress exposure. This was observed with concurrent upregulation of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, a local reactivator of corticosterone. Together, this demonstrates distinctive regional redox profiles following acute stress exposure, in addition to identifying differential capabilities in managing oxidative challenges via altered antioxidant gene expression in the hippocampus and striatum. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.591
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PO144 Reactivity of oxytocin in the Trier Social Stress Test: A proof of concept study Anka Bernhard 1,2,∗ , Anne Martinelli 1 , Katharina Ackermann 1 , Inga D. Neumann 3 , Clemens Kirschbaum 2 , Christine M. Freitag 1 1 J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Technical University, Dresden, Germany 3 University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Introduction: Oxytocin (OXT) has a central role in social behaviour. It has further been assumed that OXT plays a significant role in stress reactivity by reducing the effects of stress. Stress reactivity in turn has a major impact on the development of psychiatric disorders. First studies show an attenuation of the OXT system in psychiatric disorders characterized by social deficits. Using the “Trier Social Stress Test” (TSST), a well-established and validated tool, neuroendocrinological stress reactivity can be assessed. In a preliminary study, an increased OXT content in saliva of healthy male and female adults has recently been found in response to the TSST. However, whether a similar response can be found in adolescents or in a clinical population is unknown. Therefore the aim of this study is to test whether a stress test such as the TSST can be an appropriate tool to assess OXT reactivity under social stress conditions in healthy adolescents. Methods: Salivary OXT reactivity under a social stress condition compared to a non-stress condition will be examined. Therefore, healthy male and female adolescents will be randomly assigned to either experimental (TSST) or control (Control/“Placebo”-TSST) group. Results: OXT reactivity under a stress condition compared to a non-stress control condition in healthy adolescents will be presented. Should an increased OXT in response to the TSST compared to a non-stress control condition emerge, it will have important implications for the TSST as a tool to assess OXT reactivity in a standardized setting in healthy controls as well as clinical populations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.592
PO145 Stress and olfaction: Glucocorticoids affect the first step of olfactory detection in male Wistar rat Aurélien Raynaud 1 , Nicolas Meunier 1,2 , Aurélie Dewaele 1 , Denise Grébert 1 , Didier Durieux 1 , Mikael Le Bourhis 1 , Vincent Bombail 1,∗ 1
Neurobiologie de l’Olfaction; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France 2 Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France Olfaction is an essential sensory modality; it supports physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. The first step in olfactory perception takes place at the peripheral level in a neuroepithelium named the olfactory mucosa (OM), through activation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). We have recently demonstrated that Wistar rats subjected to chronic variable stress exhibited deficiencies in OM function, possibly through sustained glucocorticoid secretion (Raynaud et al., in press).
High and low fit women (n = 22 per group; in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) were subjected to a TSST (Kirschbaum, Pirke et al., 1993) at 1500 h. Blood samples were collected every 7–15 min from 1400h–1700 h for the measurement of concentrations of cortisol, Adr, NA and dopamine (DA) which were compared within and between groups using repeated measures ANOVA. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) was higher (p < 0.001) in high fit women (41.9 ± 1.6 ml/kg min) compared with low fit women (27.4 ± 1.0 ml/kg min). Both groups responded to the TSST with a substantial elevation of cortisol (107%; p < 0.001), Adr (146%; p < 0.002), NA (92%; p < 0.001) and DA (44%; p < 0.001) but this response did not differ significantly between high and low fit women (time * treatment for cortisol, Adr, NA and DA; p = 0.987, p = 0.118, p = 0.169, p = 0.392, respectively). For DA, reactivity was higher (p = 0.009) in the low fit women compared with the high fit women. The response to psychosocial stress in both groups of women was substantial and robust and was not readily perturbed by differences in fitness levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.590
PO143 Restraint stress induces distinct changes in redox status within the hippocampus and striatum accompanied by an up-regulation of protective antioxidant genes Jereme Spiers ∗ , Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen, James Cuffe, Conrad Sernia, Nickolas Lavidis The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Psychological stress is a powerful causative factor in a myriad of chronic disease states. One stress-induced mechanism proposed to play a role in the aetiology of these conditions is the imbalance in the reduction/oxidation (redox) system. We have recently shown that indicators of redox status are extremely responsive to acute stress exposure. However, the relationship between psychological stress, central redox state, and potential protective mechanisms within specific neural regions is largely unknown. In this study, we have established a redox profile in the hippocampus and striatum along with mRNA levels of selected canonical and non-canonical antioxidants. Outbred male Wistar rats were subject to 0 (control), 60, 120, or 240 minutes of acute stress (n = 6–7 per group). The hippocampus and striatum were cryo-dissected for redox assays and relative gene expression. Restraint stress significantly elevated oxidative status and lipid peroxidation, while decreasing glutathione ratios overall indicative of oxidative stress in both neural regions. The hippocampus demonstrated increased glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 antioxidant expression which was not observed in the striatum, while both regions displayed robustly upregulated expression of the antioxidant, metallothionein 1a. Interestingly, expression of the master redox regulator, nuclear factor (erythroidderived 2)-like 2, decreased in the hippocampus following stress exposure. This was observed with concurrent upregulation of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, a local reactivator of corticosterone. Together, this demonstrates distinctive regional redox profiles following acute stress exposure, in addition to identifying differential capabilities in managing oxidative challenges via altered antioxidant gene expression in the hippocampus and striatum. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.591
73
PO144 Reactivity of oxytocin in the Trier Social Stress Test: A proof of concept study Anka Bernhard 1,2,∗ , Anne Martinelli 1 , Katharina Ackermann 1 , Inga D. Neumann 3 , Clemens Kirschbaum 2 , Christine M. Freitag 1 1 J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Technical University, Dresden, Germany 3 University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Introduction: Oxytocin (OXT) has a central role in social behaviour. It has further been assumed that OXT plays a significant role in stress reactivity by reducing the effects of stress. Stress reactivity in turn has a major impact on the development of psychiatric disorders. First studies show an attenuation of the OXT system in psychiatric disorders characterized by social deficits. Using the “Trier Social Stress Test” (TSST), a well-established and validated tool, neuroendocrinological stress reactivity can be assessed. In a preliminary study, an increased OXT content in saliva of healthy male and female adults has recently been found in response to the TSST. However, whether a similar response can be found in adolescents or in a clinical population is unknown. Therefore the aim of this study is to test whether a stress test such as the TSST can be an appropriate tool to assess OXT reactivity under social stress conditions in healthy adolescents. Methods: Salivary OXT reactivity under a social stress condition compared to a non-stress condition will be examined. Therefore, healthy male and female adolescents will be randomly assigned to either experimental (TSST) or control (Control/“Placebo”-TSST) group. Results: OXT reactivity under a stress condition compared to a non-stress control condition in healthy adolescents will be presented. Should an increased OXT in response to the TSST compared to a non-stress control condition emerge, it will have important implications for the TSST as a tool to assess OXT reactivity in a standardized setting in healthy controls as well as clinical populations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.592
PO145 Stress and olfaction: Glucocorticoids affect the first step of olfactory detection in male Wistar rat Aurélien Raynaud 1 , Nicolas Meunier 1,2 , Aurélie Dewaele 1 , Denise Grébert 1 , Didier Durieux 1 , Mikael Le Bourhis 1 , Vincent Bombail 1,∗ 1
Neurobiologie de l’Olfaction; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy en Josas, France 2 Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France Olfaction is an essential sensory modality; it supports physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. The first step in olfactory perception takes place at the peripheral level in a neuroepithelium named the olfactory mucosa (OM), through activation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). We have recently demonstrated that Wistar rats subjected to chronic variable stress exhibited deficiencies in OM function, possibly through sustained glucocorticoid secretion (Raynaud et al., in press).