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Recent advances in hard clam mariculture
804
li. Biological Oceanography
land Center for Environ. and Estuarine Studies, Solomons, Md. 20688, USA.
E330. Laboratory culture (rearing experiments, etc.) 82:6309 Rach, J.J., 1982. Water-stable diet for aquatic invertebrates. Progve Fish-Cult., 44(2):111-112. Caddisfly nymphs, crayfish, amphipods and snails survived and grew for up to 1 year in tanks with flowing water on a diet of trout chow, alfalfa, Pervinal vitamin-mineral tablets, Difco Bacto-agar and sugar-maple leaves. The food was water stable I week at 12°C accommodating slow and intermittent feeders. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Natl. Fish. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 818, La Crosse, Wis. 54601, USA. (ahm) 82:6310 Seidel, C.R., D.M. Johns, P.S. Schauer and C.E. Olney, 1982. International study on Artemia. XXVI. Food value of nauplii from reference Artemia cysts and four geographical collections of Anemia for mud crab larvae. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 8(3):309-312. Dept. of Food Sci. and Tech., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02881, USA.
E340. Aquaculture (commerciaL) 82:6311 Charpy-Roubaud, C.J., L.J. Charpy and S.Y. Maestrini, 1982. Algal growth potential (AGP) of coastal north Patagonian waters: limiting nutrients and prospects for commercial mussel production. Oceanologica Acta, 5(2):179-188. (In French, English abstract.) Station mar. d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. 82:6312 Colt, John and Harry Westers, 1982. Production of gas supersaturation by aeration [in aquaculture systemsl. Trans, Am. Fish. Soc., 111(3):342-360. Dept. of Cir. Engrg., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA. 82:6313 McHugh, J.L., 1981. Recent advances in hard clam mariculture. J. Shellfish Res., 1(1):51-55.
()LR (1982) 29 112)
Failure to develop a satisfactory method of hard clam aquaculture, despite ~ 7 0 years of research, may be based on faulty premises. There is no problem raising hard clams to market size under artificial conditions provided adequate attention is given to care and to cleanliness. The only impediment is cost: the flaw may be reliance on small numbers of clams, thinking millions are sufficient when billions may be required to smother predation. Another flaw may be lack of adequate law enforcement: grounds must be patrolled constantly to keep out violators and there must be adequate support in the courts. Mar Sci. Res. Center, SUNY. Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794, USA. 82:6314 Motzkin, F., Y. Cohen, H. Gordin and E. Padan, 1982. Productivity relations in seawater fish ponds: a comparison of stocked and unstocked ponds. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 8(2):203-210. Israel Oceanogr. & Limnol. Res., Maricult. Lab., P.O.B. 1212, Elat, Israel. 82:6315 Nakanishi, Takashi and Masahiko Naryu, 1981. Some aspects of the large-scale rearing of larvae and post-larvae of the king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica). Bull. Japan Sea reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 32:39-47. Japan Sea Regional Fish. Res. Lab., Suido-cho, Niigata 951, Japan.
E370. Theoretical biology and ecology 82:6316 Dubois, Alain, 1982. [The concepts of genus, subgenus and species in light of systematics and evolution.] Monitore zool. ital. (ltal. J. Zool.), (N.S)16(1):9-65. (In French, English summary.) Theoretical bases for the concept of genus are discussed. Genera should be defined as phylogenetic, genetic and ecological units rather than considered as empirical, cladistic or phenetic concepts; such definition would necessitate reorganization of the generic classification of some animal groups. Use of the terms super-species, species-complex, species group and sub-genus are explained; examples from Amphibia are given. Includes 8 pages of references. Lab. des Reptiles et Amphibiens, Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, France. (mjj) 82:6317 Murray, B.G. Jr., 1982. On the meaning of density dependence. Oeeologia, 53(3):370-373. Dept. of
li. Biological Oceanography
land Center for Environ. and Estuarine Studies, Solomons, Md. 20688, USA.
E330. Laboratory culture (rearing experiments, etc.) 82:6309 Rach, J.J., 1982. Water-stable diet for aquatic invertebrates. Progve Fish-Cult., 44(2):111-112. Caddisfly nymphs, crayfish, amphipods and snails survived and grew for up to 1 year in tanks with flowing water on a diet of trout chow, alfalfa, Pervinal vitamin-mineral tablets, Difco Bacto-agar and sugar-maple leaves. The food was water stable I week at 12°C accommodating slow and intermittent feeders. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Natl. Fish. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 818, La Crosse, Wis. 54601, USA. (ahm) 82:6310 Seidel, C.R., D.M. Johns, P.S. Schauer and C.E. Olney, 1982. International study on Artemia. XXVI. Food value of nauplii from reference Artemia cysts and four geographical collections of Anemia for mud crab larvae. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 8(3):309-312. Dept. of Food Sci. and Tech., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02881, USA.
E340. Aquaculture (commerciaL) 82:6311 Charpy-Roubaud, C.J., L.J. Charpy and S.Y. Maestrini, 1982. Algal growth potential (AGP) of coastal north Patagonian waters: limiting nutrients and prospects for commercial mussel production. Oceanologica Acta, 5(2):179-188. (In French, English abstract.) Station mar. d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. 82:6312 Colt, John and Harry Westers, 1982. Production of gas supersaturation by aeration [in aquaculture systemsl. Trans, Am. Fish. Soc., 111(3):342-360. Dept. of Cir. Engrg., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA. 82:6313 McHugh, J.L., 1981. Recent advances in hard clam mariculture. J. Shellfish Res., 1(1):51-55.
()LR (1982) 29 112)
Failure to develop a satisfactory method of hard clam aquaculture, despite ~ 7 0 years of research, may be based on faulty premises. There is no problem raising hard clams to market size under artificial conditions provided adequate attention is given to care and to cleanliness. The only impediment is cost: the flaw may be reliance on small numbers of clams, thinking millions are sufficient when billions may be required to smother predation. Another flaw may be lack of adequate law enforcement: grounds must be patrolled constantly to keep out violators and there must be adequate support in the courts. Mar Sci. Res. Center, SUNY. Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794, USA. 82:6314 Motzkin, F., Y. Cohen, H. Gordin and E. Padan, 1982. Productivity relations in seawater fish ponds: a comparison of stocked and unstocked ponds. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 8(2):203-210. Israel Oceanogr. & Limnol. Res., Maricult. Lab., P.O.B. 1212, Elat, Israel. 82:6315 Nakanishi, Takashi and Masahiko Naryu, 1981. Some aspects of the large-scale rearing of larvae and post-larvae of the king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica). Bull. Japan Sea reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 32:39-47. Japan Sea Regional Fish. Res. Lab., Suido-cho, Niigata 951, Japan.
E370. Theoretical biology and ecology 82:6316 Dubois, Alain, 1982. [The concepts of genus, subgenus and species in light of systematics and evolution.] Monitore zool. ital. (ltal. J. Zool.), (N.S)16(1):9-65. (In French, English summary.) Theoretical bases for the concept of genus are discussed. Genera should be defined as phylogenetic, genetic and ecological units rather than considered as empirical, cladistic or phenetic concepts; such definition would necessitate reorganization of the generic classification of some animal groups. Use of the terms super-species, species-complex, species group and sub-genus are explained; examples from Amphibia are given. Includes 8 pages of references. Lab. des Reptiles et Amphibiens, Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., Paris, France. (mjj) 82:6317 Murray, B.G. Jr., 1982. On the meaning of density dependence. Oeeologia, 53(3):370-373. Dept. of