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Recent advances in micro-ultrasound
Abstracts the lack of penetration. To overcome the limitation, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has been proposed and widely investigated. The OR-PAM is based on the photoacoustic effect with which high frequency acoustic waves are generated when the medium absorbs light energy within a short pulse duration. It, therefore, takes advantages of the high optical absorption contrast with low acoustic scattering, allowing non-invasive visualization the cells at depths with optical resolution. With the advance of targeted contrast agents, the OR-PAM is also capable of facilitating molecular characterization for pre-clinical research on personalized diagnostics or guided therapeutics. In this presentation, the applications and challenges of photoacoustic microscopy in a 3D cellular microenvironment are covered. Potential future development of photoacoustic microscopy in pre-clinical applications is also discussed.
High frequency ultrasound in aesthetic dermatology. Novel research for the use of 18 MHz shearwave elastography for pre and post therapy assessment. Pre clinical trials of collagen fillers within the dermal and subdermal layers of the skin Kathryn K. Malherbe Lavita Womens Wellness Centre, Rietvalleirand, Gauteng, South Africa Ultrasound elastography (USE) is an imaging technology sensitive to tissue stiffness and in recent years’ technology has enabled methods to add quantitive measurements of tissue stiffness. The study included female volunteers referred to a local aesthetic centre for use of hyaluronic fillers in the periorbital region. Patients included in the study would be over the age of 35 years with no previous history of scarring, allergy, atopy, trauma or subcutaneous skin disorders. All participants were subject to ultrasound evaluation by means of 18 MhZ linear probe Hitachi Aloka Arietta S70 to assess the skin in the periorbital region bilaterally. A small pilot study was performed to assess feasibility of shearwave elastography during treatment process. Results: The Histogram Width Tissue Characterization (HWTC) between 35 and 50 year age group shows significant difference between the epidermal and subcutaneous fat tissue characterization. The epidermis layer of 50 year old female has less gray scale levels with reduced HWTC rate. Conclusion: Further research is encouraged to include large sample populations. Following collagen filler treatment or other aesthetic methods, follow up sonography and elastography methods may prove to provide a measurable outcome in treatment. There is limited knowledge regarding elastography, shear wave elastography and strain elastography, which provides a large field of novel research to be delved upon in future. It is expected in future technology for tissue elasticity imaging there will be sophisticated improvements such as three dimensional and quantitative elasticity images based on tissue elasticity modulus.
Recent advances in micro-ultrasound F. Stuart Foster Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Over the past several decades, the maximum frequencies of ultrasound imaging devices have risen from about 10 MHz to over 60MHz. Similarly, in intravascular ultrasound imaging, frequencies have risen from 20 to as high as 60 MHz center frequencies. The push to higher frequencies is driven by the need for increased
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resolution in a diverse range of biological and medical applications. This talk will review the development of high frequency ultrasound and provide context for the current and potential application of these devices. Transducer technologies sit at the heart of all acoustic visualization applications. The evolution of transducer fabrication methods will be illustrated with examples of array devices based on conventional dice and fill methods and, more recently, using laser micro machining approaches. The development of novel devices such as dual-frequency probes and multi modality transducers will be reviewed. Examples of the latter will include dual frequency devices for angiography and intravascular ultrasound, photoacoustic devices, and combined IVUS-OCT devices. In each of these, specialized configurations of acoustic sensors and optical devices are required to achieve exceptional imaging performance. Applications of high frequency ultrasound are driven both by clinical needs in human applications and by the need for vastly improved in vivo imaging of biological systems used in discovery oriented biomedical research. Examples of applications of high frequency ultrasound imaging will be drawn from research in the areas of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Further discussion of the special issues related to detection of microbubble and nanoparticle contrast agents will also be included. Clinical translation will be described and illustrated with examples in neurosurgery, neonatology, and prostate imaging. Finally speculation on the future of the field will be presented.
SESSION 1I: GENERAL New guidelines on gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) Odd Helge Gilja National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway There are many guidelines and clinical recommendations released by EFSUMB during the years. An EFSUMB Task Force Group (TFG) with experts from all over Europe has continuously worked since 2014 to generate GIUS guidelines on various topics. The world’s first ever guidelines on gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) on methodology and scanning techniques was published by EFSUMB in 2016 (1). The following topic was on ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease (2), and subsequently acute appendicitis and diverticulitis (3) and endoanal, endorecatal and perineal US (4) were released. Other GIUS guidelines are also in progress: miscellaneous diseases, surgical conditions, and functional ultrasound. All the EFSUMB guidelines and position statements can be downloaded from our website www.efsumb.org. Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) offers a unique possibility to examine non-invasively and in physiological condition the bowel including extra-intestinal features such as the splanchnic vessels, mesentery, oment and lymph nodes. For properly trained users, GIUS has been shown to have good accuracy and repeatability not only in a primary work-up of patients, but also in the follow up of chronic diseases. When reporting findings in GIUS the most discriminatory parameters include bowel wall thickness, length and distribution of bowel wall thickening, an assessment of the preservation of layering and asymmetry of any changes. The presence of fat wrapping and fatty creeping is a highly specific finding in Crohn’s disease and should be included in the report when present. The presence of complications such as fistulae, strictures, absceses, and fluid collections, together with functional findings such as enteric content and the presence of bowel dilatation and peristalsis should also be noted in the examination report.
High frequency ultrasound in aesthetic dermatology. Novel research for the use of 18 MHz shearwave elastography for pre and post therapy assessment. Pre clinical trials of collagen fillers within the dermal and subdermal layers of the skin Kathryn K. Malherbe Lavita Womens Wellness Centre, Rietvalleirand, Gauteng, South Africa Ultrasound elastography (USE) is an imaging technology sensitive to tissue stiffness and in recent years’ technology has enabled methods to add quantitive measurements of tissue stiffness. The study included female volunteers referred to a local aesthetic centre for use of hyaluronic fillers in the periorbital region. Patients included in the study would be over the age of 35 years with no previous history of scarring, allergy, atopy, trauma or subcutaneous skin disorders. All participants were subject to ultrasound evaluation by means of 18 MhZ linear probe Hitachi Aloka Arietta S70 to assess the skin in the periorbital region bilaterally. A small pilot study was performed to assess feasibility of shearwave elastography during treatment process. Results: The Histogram Width Tissue Characterization (HWTC) between 35 and 50 year age group shows significant difference between the epidermal and subcutaneous fat tissue characterization. The epidermis layer of 50 year old female has less gray scale levels with reduced HWTC rate. Conclusion: Further research is encouraged to include large sample populations. Following collagen filler treatment or other aesthetic methods, follow up sonography and elastography methods may prove to provide a measurable outcome in treatment. There is limited knowledge regarding elastography, shear wave elastography and strain elastography, which provides a large field of novel research to be delved upon in future. It is expected in future technology for tissue elasticity imaging there will be sophisticated improvements such as three dimensional and quantitative elasticity images based on tissue elasticity modulus.
Recent advances in micro-ultrasound F. Stuart Foster Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Over the past several decades, the maximum frequencies of ultrasound imaging devices have risen from about 10 MHz to over 60MHz. Similarly, in intravascular ultrasound imaging, frequencies have risen from 20 to as high as 60 MHz center frequencies. The push to higher frequencies is driven by the need for increased
S9
resolution in a diverse range of biological and medical applications. This talk will review the development of high frequency ultrasound and provide context for the current and potential application of these devices. Transducer technologies sit at the heart of all acoustic visualization applications. The evolution of transducer fabrication methods will be illustrated with examples of array devices based on conventional dice and fill methods and, more recently, using laser micro machining approaches. The development of novel devices such as dual-frequency probes and multi modality transducers will be reviewed. Examples of the latter will include dual frequency devices for angiography and intravascular ultrasound, photoacoustic devices, and combined IVUS-OCT devices. In each of these, specialized configurations of acoustic sensors and optical devices are required to achieve exceptional imaging performance. Applications of high frequency ultrasound are driven both by clinical needs in human applications and by the need for vastly improved in vivo imaging of biological systems used in discovery oriented biomedical research. Examples of applications of high frequency ultrasound imaging will be drawn from research in the areas of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Further discussion of the special issues related to detection of microbubble and nanoparticle contrast agents will also be included. Clinical translation will be described and illustrated with examples in neurosurgery, neonatology, and prostate imaging. Finally speculation on the future of the field will be presented.
SESSION 1I: GENERAL New guidelines on gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) Odd Helge Gilja National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway There are many guidelines and clinical recommendations released by EFSUMB during the years. An EFSUMB Task Force Group (TFG) with experts from all over Europe has continuously worked since 2014 to generate GIUS guidelines on various topics. The world’s first ever guidelines on gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) on methodology and scanning techniques was published by EFSUMB in 2016 (1). The following topic was on ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease (2), and subsequently acute appendicitis and diverticulitis (3) and endoanal, endorecatal and perineal US (4) were released. Other GIUS guidelines are also in progress: miscellaneous diseases, surgical conditions, and functional ultrasound. All the EFSUMB guidelines and position statements can be downloaded from our website www.efsumb.org. Gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS) offers a unique possibility to examine non-invasively and in physiological condition the bowel including extra-intestinal features such as the splanchnic vessels, mesentery, oment and lymph nodes. For properly trained users, GIUS has been shown to have good accuracy and repeatability not only in a primary work-up of patients, but also in the follow up of chronic diseases. When reporting findings in GIUS the most discriminatory parameters include bowel wall thickness, length and distribution of bowel wall thickening, an assessment of the preservation of layering and asymmetry of any changes. The presence of fat wrapping and fatty creeping is a highly specific finding in Crohn’s disease and should be included in the report when present. The presence of complications such as fistulae, strictures, absceses, and fluid collections, together with functional findings such as enteric content and the presence of bowel dilatation and peristalsis should also be noted in the examination report.