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Recovery of the phenolic fraction of olive mill wastewater
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
[P-E.179] Microalgae-based carbon sequestration: growth of spirulina platensis with flue gas feeding S. Arata ∗ , C. Strazza, A. Lodi, A. Del Borghi Department of Chemical and Process Engineering “G.B. Bonino” - University of Genova, Italy Keywords: Spirulina Platensis; microalgae; carbon dioxide; nitrogen oxides The scientific community is currently examining potential approaches in order to reduce the anthropical contributions to global warming. One approach is carbon capture and storage (CCS), i.e. capturing CO2 at its source (e.g., a power plant) and storing it indefinitely (e.g., underground) to avoid its release to the atmosphere. Conversion of CO2 to microalgae is numbered among the sequestration options in the research and development panorama. In this paper, the application of an air-lift reactor (ALR) to fluegas treatment using micro-algae for the absorption of CO2 and abatement of NOX is investigated. In particular, the specific subject of this research is to analyze the behaviour of a cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis, when CO2 and NOX pollutant gases are simultaneously fed to the bio-reactor, simulating the conditions of a flue gas. In order to analyze the growth of the microalga and the contextual removal of the pollutants, experimental tests have been carried out through two different approaches: pulse-feeding and fed-batch. The influence of the light intensity and of the initial biomass concentration have been evaluated. The results yield positive indications about the process feasibility, particularly when analyzing the fed-batch regime. The average cell productivity results very encouraging, i.e. around 190 mg l-1 d-1 . It can be concluded that a feeding system with opportune dosages of CO2 and NOX is able to reach two objectives: a high abatement rate and a significant biomass production, that can be utilized for many scopes. Therefore, in order to consider the process investigated as a feasible sequestration option in the framework of CCS, a scale-up study of the results and a cost analysis reasonably represent the future developments of this work. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.201 [P-E.180] Recovery of the phenolic fraction of olive mill wastewater Alba Ena ∗ , Cristina Pintucci, Pietro Carlozzi National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, unit of Florence, Italy Keywords: Olive mill wastewater; polyphenols; antiradical activity; recovery Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) is considered one of the most pollutant waste in the Mediterranean basin. However, its phenolic fraction should be recovered, as it possesses strong antioxidant properties (Galli and Visioli, 1999). Extraction of biologically active compounds from OMW may turn a polluting residue into a source of natural antioxidants, since reactive oxygen species are involved in the onset of several human diseases as well as in the oxidative degradation of food (De Marco et al., 2007). The aquatic fern Azolla caroliniana and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) have already been employed as biofilters for the removal of OMW pollutant load (Ena et al., 2009). In the first step of this study, the adsorbent and desor-
S279
bent capacities of these matrices were compared with those of two commercial resins (Lewatit OC1064 MDPH and Lewatit MP62WS). GAC resulted the most efficient matrices in both adsorption and desorption. Then, the biofilters were desorbed, the products were freeze-dried and both the resulting powders were chemically characterized, and analyzed by means of DPPH test (which measures the antiradical activity) and ORAC assay (which measures the antioxidant capacity). Even though the total polyphenolic content in the Azolla powder product resulted more than 2 times higher than in the GAC product, the HPLC polyphenolic profile of the latter showed a 3.5 times higher hydroxytyrosol concentration. Moreover, both powder products showed great antiradical activities: with the DPPH test, Azolla and GAC products IC50 resulted 102 g/mL and 189 g/mL of powder, respectively. Besides, the antioxidant capacities resulted very high if compared to other vegetable compounds and extracts: 4097 mol TE/g Azolla powder and 1277 mol TE/g GAC products, respectively. Considering their interesting properties, the Azolla and GAC desorption products could then be exploited for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical applications. References De Marco, E., Savarese, M., Padano, A., Sacchi, R., 2007. Food Chemistry 104, 858–867. Ena, A., Pintucci, C., Faraloni, C., Torzillo, G., 2009. Water Science and Technology 60 (4), 1055–1062. Galli, C., Visioli, F., 1999. Lipids 34, S23–S26.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.202 [P-E.181] Lignocellulosic support selection for colonization and ligninolytic enzyme production of white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor Sebastian Elgueta ∗ , Maria Cristina Diez Universidad de La Frontera, Chile Keywords: Lignocellulosic support; Ligninolytic enzymes; Anthracophyllum discolor The increasing expansion of agro-industrial activity has led to the accumulation of a large quantity of lignocellulosic residues from wood (e.g. wood chips), herbaceous (e.g. switchgrass), agricultural (e.g. wheat straw), forestry (e.g. sawdust) and various industrial wastes all over the world. These residues results in pollution of the environment and in loss of valuable materials that can be bioconverted to several added-value products. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the importance of utilizing lignocellulose residues for enhancing the production of the extracellular phenoloxidase enzymes by white-rot fungi. White-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor native of the southern of Chile was studied for their ability to growth and produce ligninolytic enzymes on different lignocellulosic support formulated from wheat straw, chicken feed and flaxseeds in order to identify their biodegradation potential. The ligninolytic enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), manganese independent peroxidase (MiP), and lignin peroxidase (Lip) were measured during the experiments. The colonization of these supports was measured for 12 at the beginning of the experiment. An approximately 1 g (wet weight) sub sample of mechanically disrupted substrate-biomass composite was extracted with 5 ml of 50 mM sodium malonate (pH 4.5). The centrifuged (14,900 g) samples were stored up to 24 h at 4 ◦ C prior to analysis. All enzymes were detected. MnP gave the highest activity in all supports and lower quantity the laccase was detected. The higher
[P-E.179] Microalgae-based carbon sequestration: growth of spirulina platensis with flue gas feeding S. Arata ∗ , C. Strazza, A. Lodi, A. Del Borghi Department of Chemical and Process Engineering “G.B. Bonino” - University of Genova, Italy Keywords: Spirulina Platensis; microalgae; carbon dioxide; nitrogen oxides The scientific community is currently examining potential approaches in order to reduce the anthropical contributions to global warming. One approach is carbon capture and storage (CCS), i.e. capturing CO2 at its source (e.g., a power plant) and storing it indefinitely (e.g., underground) to avoid its release to the atmosphere. Conversion of CO2 to microalgae is numbered among the sequestration options in the research and development panorama. In this paper, the application of an air-lift reactor (ALR) to fluegas treatment using micro-algae for the absorption of CO2 and abatement of NOX is investigated. In particular, the specific subject of this research is to analyze the behaviour of a cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis, when CO2 and NOX pollutant gases are simultaneously fed to the bio-reactor, simulating the conditions of a flue gas. In order to analyze the growth of the microalga and the contextual removal of the pollutants, experimental tests have been carried out through two different approaches: pulse-feeding and fed-batch. The influence of the light intensity and of the initial biomass concentration have been evaluated. The results yield positive indications about the process feasibility, particularly when analyzing the fed-batch regime. The average cell productivity results very encouraging, i.e. around 190 mg l-1 d-1 . It can be concluded that a feeding system with opportune dosages of CO2 and NOX is able to reach two objectives: a high abatement rate and a significant biomass production, that can be utilized for many scopes. Therefore, in order to consider the process investigated as a feasible sequestration option in the framework of CCS, a scale-up study of the results and a cost analysis reasonably represent the future developments of this work. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.201 [P-E.180] Recovery of the phenolic fraction of olive mill wastewater Alba Ena ∗ , Cristina Pintucci, Pietro Carlozzi National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, unit of Florence, Italy Keywords: Olive mill wastewater; polyphenols; antiradical activity; recovery Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) is considered one of the most pollutant waste in the Mediterranean basin. However, its phenolic fraction should be recovered, as it possesses strong antioxidant properties (Galli and Visioli, 1999). Extraction of biologically active compounds from OMW may turn a polluting residue into a source of natural antioxidants, since reactive oxygen species are involved in the onset of several human diseases as well as in the oxidative degradation of food (De Marco et al., 2007). The aquatic fern Azolla caroliniana and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) have already been employed as biofilters for the removal of OMW pollutant load (Ena et al., 2009). In the first step of this study, the adsorbent and desor-
S279
bent capacities of these matrices were compared with those of two commercial resins (Lewatit OC1064 MDPH and Lewatit MP62WS). GAC resulted the most efficient matrices in both adsorption and desorption. Then, the biofilters were desorbed, the products were freeze-dried and both the resulting powders were chemically characterized, and analyzed by means of DPPH test (which measures the antiradical activity) and ORAC assay (which measures the antioxidant capacity). Even though the total polyphenolic content in the Azolla powder product resulted more than 2 times higher than in the GAC product, the HPLC polyphenolic profile of the latter showed a 3.5 times higher hydroxytyrosol concentration. Moreover, both powder products showed great antiradical activities: with the DPPH test, Azolla and GAC products IC50 resulted 102 g/mL and 189 g/mL of powder, respectively. Besides, the antioxidant capacities resulted very high if compared to other vegetable compounds and extracts: 4097 mol TE/g Azolla powder and 1277 mol TE/g GAC products, respectively. Considering their interesting properties, the Azolla and GAC desorption products could then be exploited for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical applications. References De Marco, E., Savarese, M., Padano, A., Sacchi, R., 2007. Food Chemistry 104, 858–867. Ena, A., Pintucci, C., Faraloni, C., Torzillo, G., 2009. Water Science and Technology 60 (4), 1055–1062. Galli, C., Visioli, F., 1999. Lipids 34, S23–S26.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.202 [P-E.181] Lignocellulosic support selection for colonization and ligninolytic enzyme production of white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor Sebastian Elgueta ∗ , Maria Cristina Diez Universidad de La Frontera, Chile Keywords: Lignocellulosic support; Ligninolytic enzymes; Anthracophyllum discolor The increasing expansion of agro-industrial activity has led to the accumulation of a large quantity of lignocellulosic residues from wood (e.g. wood chips), herbaceous (e.g. switchgrass), agricultural (e.g. wheat straw), forestry (e.g. sawdust) and various industrial wastes all over the world. These residues results in pollution of the environment and in loss of valuable materials that can be bioconverted to several added-value products. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the importance of utilizing lignocellulose residues for enhancing the production of the extracellular phenoloxidase enzymes by white-rot fungi. White-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor native of the southern of Chile was studied for their ability to growth and produce ligninolytic enzymes on different lignocellulosic support formulated from wheat straw, chicken feed and flaxseeds in order to identify their biodegradation potential. The ligninolytic enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), manganese independent peroxidase (MiP), and lignin peroxidase (Lip) were measured during the experiments. The colonization of these supports was measured for 12 at the beginning of the experiment. An approximately 1 g (wet weight) sub sample of mechanically disrupted substrate-biomass composite was extracted with 5 ml of 50 mM sodium malonate (pH 4.5). The centrifuged (14,900 g) samples were stored up to 24 h at 4 ◦ C prior to analysis. All enzymes were detected. MnP gave the highest activity in all supports and lower quantity the laccase was detected. The higher