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Reducing energy costs of boilers
08 Steam raising (boiler operation/design)
96/02904
Renewable energy In the next century
Niermeijer, P. Gas (Netherlands), Dec. 1995, 115, (12), 10-13. (In Flemish) An EnergieNed working group has analysed the Dutch renewable energy situation: the potentials of the various sources until the year 2040, the expected environmental impact and cost. Wind energy, energy from waste and hydropower are already applied at a reasonable scale. Solar energy, however, is expected to make only a minor contribution by 2010. Wastebased technologies will not gain size. It is not (yet) the cost effective measures that in the long run are promising. Renewable energy is affordable, but those who want more will increasingly have to open their purses.
96/02905 Renewables are ready: People creating renewable energy solutions Cole, N. and Skerrell, P. J. Published by Chelsea Green, USA, UKImages Booksellers & Distribution Ltd., Holy Well Rd, Malvern Wells, Wores. WR14 4LH, UK, £15.95, 1995, 256 pp. 96/02906 The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt Ibrahim, S. M. Int. J. of Energy Research, Apr. 1996, 20, (4), 279-296. A matrix method is used for the quantitative determination of science and technology priority areas relevant to the achievement of nonconventional energy goals in Egypt. Nonconventional energy goals of Egypt up to 2005 were first determined. Those nonconventional energy objectives are then related to different areas of science and technology in a priority order.
96/02907 Technologies for energy recovery from municipal solid waste Consonni, S. Termotecnica, Oct. 1995, (10), 71-79. (In Italian) The paper describes the performance for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Italy. Favourable electricity tariffs have made this energy recovery a key element for the economic assessment of waste disposal in Italy.
96/02908 Vacuum pyrolyzed tire 011 as 8 coal solvent Orr, E. C et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 648-653. Tyre oil obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of waste rubber tyres is better than shredded tyres for coprocessing with coal. The PTO appears to be a good dissolution solvent for the coal and an effective hydrogen donor. The solvent readily enters the coal matrix thus aiding catalyst dispersion.
96/02909 Warm house cool house - Inspirational designs for low-energy housing Hollo, N. Choice Publication, ISBN 0 94727722 6, A$27.00, 172 pp. The book by The Consumers Association, Australia, discusses low energy housing.
96/02910
When rubber tires leave the road
Carter, R. Coal, Mar. 1996, 101, (3), 49-51. A scrap tyre recycling expert looks at the problems of mining tyre disposal. Tyres contain 14,000 to 15,000 Btu per Ib, less than 1% moisture, generate low ash, and have been demonstrated to lower emissions.
08 STEAM RAISING Boiler Operation/Design 96/02911
96/02913 Demonstration of Bechtel's Confined Zone Dispersion process at Pennsylvania Electric Company's Seward Stanon. Project status Battista, J. J. et al., EPA-600iR-95-015b, US Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper 28, 1995, 20 pp. The U.S. Department of Energy and Bechtel Corp., are cooperating in a joint project to demonstrate Bechtel's Confined Zone Dispersion (CZD) Technology. The boiler is a 147 MWe pulverized coal-fired unit, which utilizes Pennsylvania bituminous coal. One of the two flue gas ducts leading from the boiler was lengthened and retrofitted with the CZD technology. The new long straight duct replaced the original multi-bend duct to ensure a residence time of about 2 s. The aim of this demonstration is to prove the technical and economic feasibility of the CZD technology on a commercial scale. The process can achieve 50% SOl removal at lower capital and O&M costs than other systems.
96/02914 Desulfurlzation of flue gases in the Galloway flame tube boilers Kandefer, S. Gospod. Paliwami Energ., 1995, 43, (7), 7-8. (In Polish) The sulphur emissions from a flame tube boiler were monitored by a dry analysis method, in relation to flue gas desulphurization. When finely divided SO, sorbent was blown into the flame tube space of the boiler, S02 emissions were decreased to <200 g/Gl levels.
96/02915 Development and operating experience with slagtap pulverized coal firing Kather, A. et al., VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995, 75, (8), 707-714. (In German) Following a survey of the technology of slag-tap pulverized coal firing, the equipment required for a 1699 tons/h-capacity steam boiler of the combined unit 'Franken II' at Frauenaurach, Germany is described.
96/02916 Efficiency reqUirements for hot water boilers. Guidance notes on UK regulations Dept. of Trade & Industry, UK, Oct. 1995, 26 pp. 96/02917 Formation of nitrogen oxides and deposits on the heating surfaces of boilers with semi-fluidized bed furnaces fired with low grade coal Is'emin, R. L et al., Prom. Energ., 1995, (2), 37-38. (In Russian) The switching of IMW boilers to coal combustion in a semi-fluidized bed not only significantly increases the effectiveness of fuel combustion, but also decreases the atmospheric emissions of NO . The technology is associated with the formation of dry, easily removable deposits on the heating surfaces, which makes possible the prediction of reliable operation of boilers with semi-fluidized bed furnaces.
96/02918 Operating experiences with a bUbbling fluid bed boiler firing paper mill sludges and biomass at United Paper Mills, Kalpola plant, Finland Louhimo, J. et al., Pulp Pap. Call., 1995,96, (4), 52-56. The biomass- and sludge-fired bubbling fluid bed boiler at the United Paper Mills Kaipola plant in Finland, producing 40 kg/s steam at 115 bar and 530", was commissioned in 1991. The boiler burns primary/secondary sludges, deinking sludge, and all wood wastes generated at the mill. The annual amount of sludges is >100,000 tons. The main design criteria for the boiler were high availability and high fuel flexibility. Discusses the improvement in fuel preparation and mixing to optimize combustion and operation of the boiler, as well as the results of emission tests on this boiler.
96/02919 Prediction of the performance of furnace sorbent Injection on a coal-fired utility boiler Newton, G. H. and Moyeda, D. K EPA-600/R-95-015d, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper No. 79, 1995, 14 pp. Discusses the control of S02 emissions from coal-fired boilers by injection of Ca-based sorbents into the upper regions of the furnace is a well-known process which offers utilities flexibility in achieving compliance with the Clean Air Act.
Boilers with a multl-sclld circulating fluidized bed
Nowak, W. and Muskala, W. Gospod. Paliwami Energ., 1995, 43, (7), 2-6. (In Polish) Presents the results of experiments on multi-solid fluidized bed boilers. Also the results concerning S02 and NO, emissions from these boilers are given.
96/02912 Coatings and surface treatments for protection against low-velocity erosion-corrosion in fluidized beds Rogers, P. M. et al., Wear, 1995, 186, (1), 238-246. A review of protective coatings to minimize wastage in coal-fired fluidized-bed boilers.
96/02920
Radiant-zone O2 sensors help optimize combustion
Simpkins, D. R. and Locklin, S. H. Power, 1995, 139, (7), 51-52, 54. Knowing what the 02 level is in various parts of the furnace has become critical information for boiler performance. Work at the Tennessee Valley plant supports the idea of using multiple furnace probes to provide more accurate, usable data.
96/02921
Reducing energy costs of boilers
Taplin, H. R. Energy Engng., 1995, 92, (5), 18-26. The paper discusses methods for improving boiler efficiency. Reviews boiler plant losses and how to promote higher efficiencies in spite of the continuing responsibilities of operations and pollution abatement.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 203
96/02904
Renewable energy In the next century
Niermeijer, P. Gas (Netherlands), Dec. 1995, 115, (12), 10-13. (In Flemish) An EnergieNed working group has analysed the Dutch renewable energy situation: the potentials of the various sources until the year 2040, the expected environmental impact and cost. Wind energy, energy from waste and hydropower are already applied at a reasonable scale. Solar energy, however, is expected to make only a minor contribution by 2010. Wastebased technologies will not gain size. It is not (yet) the cost effective measures that in the long run are promising. Renewable energy is affordable, but those who want more will increasingly have to open their purses.
96/02905 Renewables are ready: People creating renewable energy solutions Cole, N. and Skerrell, P. J. Published by Chelsea Green, USA, UKImages Booksellers & Distribution Ltd., Holy Well Rd, Malvern Wells, Wores. WR14 4LH, UK, £15.95, 1995, 256 pp. 96/02906 The science and technology priority areas relevant to non-conventional energy goals in Egypt Ibrahim, S. M. Int. J. of Energy Research, Apr. 1996, 20, (4), 279-296. A matrix method is used for the quantitative determination of science and technology priority areas relevant to the achievement of nonconventional energy goals in Egypt. Nonconventional energy goals of Egypt up to 2005 were first determined. Those nonconventional energy objectives are then related to different areas of science and technology in a priority order.
96/02907 Technologies for energy recovery from municipal solid waste Consonni, S. Termotecnica, Oct. 1995, (10), 71-79. (In Italian) The paper describes the performance for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Italy. Favourable electricity tariffs have made this energy recovery a key element for the economic assessment of waste disposal in Italy.
96/02908 Vacuum pyrolyzed tire 011 as 8 coal solvent Orr, E. C et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 648-653. Tyre oil obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of waste rubber tyres is better than shredded tyres for coprocessing with coal. The PTO appears to be a good dissolution solvent for the coal and an effective hydrogen donor. The solvent readily enters the coal matrix thus aiding catalyst dispersion.
96/02909 Warm house cool house - Inspirational designs for low-energy housing Hollo, N. Choice Publication, ISBN 0 94727722 6, A$27.00, 172 pp. The book by The Consumers Association, Australia, discusses low energy housing.
96/02910
When rubber tires leave the road
Carter, R. Coal, Mar. 1996, 101, (3), 49-51. A scrap tyre recycling expert looks at the problems of mining tyre disposal. Tyres contain 14,000 to 15,000 Btu per Ib, less than 1% moisture, generate low ash, and have been demonstrated to lower emissions.
08 STEAM RAISING Boiler Operation/Design 96/02911
96/02913 Demonstration of Bechtel's Confined Zone Dispersion process at Pennsylvania Electric Company's Seward Stanon. Project status Battista, J. J. et al., EPA-600iR-95-015b, US Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper 28, 1995, 20 pp. The U.S. Department of Energy and Bechtel Corp., are cooperating in a joint project to demonstrate Bechtel's Confined Zone Dispersion (CZD) Technology. The boiler is a 147 MWe pulverized coal-fired unit, which utilizes Pennsylvania bituminous coal. One of the two flue gas ducts leading from the boiler was lengthened and retrofitted with the CZD technology. The new long straight duct replaced the original multi-bend duct to ensure a residence time of about 2 s. The aim of this demonstration is to prove the technical and economic feasibility of the CZD technology on a commercial scale. The process can achieve 50% SOl removal at lower capital and O&M costs than other systems.
96/02914 Desulfurlzation of flue gases in the Galloway flame tube boilers Kandefer, S. Gospod. Paliwami Energ., 1995, 43, (7), 7-8. (In Polish) The sulphur emissions from a flame tube boiler were monitored by a dry analysis method, in relation to flue gas desulphurization. When finely divided SO, sorbent was blown into the flame tube space of the boiler, S02 emissions were decreased to <200 g/Gl levels.
96/02915 Development and operating experience with slagtap pulverized coal firing Kather, A. et al., VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1995, 75, (8), 707-714. (In German) Following a survey of the technology of slag-tap pulverized coal firing, the equipment required for a 1699 tons/h-capacity steam boiler of the combined unit 'Franken II' at Frauenaurach, Germany is described.
96/02916 Efficiency reqUirements for hot water boilers. Guidance notes on UK regulations Dept. of Trade & Industry, UK, Oct. 1995, 26 pp. 96/02917 Formation of nitrogen oxides and deposits on the heating surfaces of boilers with semi-fluidized bed furnaces fired with low grade coal Is'emin, R. L et al., Prom. Energ., 1995, (2), 37-38. (In Russian) The switching of IMW boilers to coal combustion in a semi-fluidized bed not only significantly increases the effectiveness of fuel combustion, but also decreases the atmospheric emissions of NO . The technology is associated with the formation of dry, easily removable deposits on the heating surfaces, which makes possible the prediction of reliable operation of boilers with semi-fluidized bed furnaces.
96/02918 Operating experiences with a bUbbling fluid bed boiler firing paper mill sludges and biomass at United Paper Mills, Kalpola plant, Finland Louhimo, J. et al., Pulp Pap. Call., 1995,96, (4), 52-56. The biomass- and sludge-fired bubbling fluid bed boiler at the United Paper Mills Kaipola plant in Finland, producing 40 kg/s steam at 115 bar and 530", was commissioned in 1991. The boiler burns primary/secondary sludges, deinking sludge, and all wood wastes generated at the mill. The annual amount of sludges is >100,000 tons. The main design criteria for the boiler were high availability and high fuel flexibility. Discusses the improvement in fuel preparation and mixing to optimize combustion and operation of the boiler, as well as the results of emission tests on this boiler.
96/02919 Prediction of the performance of furnace sorbent Injection on a coal-fired utility boiler Newton, G. H. and Moyeda, D. K EPA-600/R-95-015d, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 1993 S02 Control Symp.) Paper No. 79, 1995, 14 pp. Discusses the control of S02 emissions from coal-fired boilers by injection of Ca-based sorbents into the upper regions of the furnace is a well-known process which offers utilities flexibility in achieving compliance with the Clean Air Act.
Boilers with a multl-sclld circulating fluidized bed
Nowak, W. and Muskala, W. Gospod. Paliwami Energ., 1995, 43, (7), 2-6. (In Polish) Presents the results of experiments on multi-solid fluidized bed boilers. Also the results concerning S02 and NO, emissions from these boilers are given.
96/02912 Coatings and surface treatments for protection against low-velocity erosion-corrosion in fluidized beds Rogers, P. M. et al., Wear, 1995, 186, (1), 238-246. A review of protective coatings to minimize wastage in coal-fired fluidized-bed boilers.
96/02920
Radiant-zone O2 sensors help optimize combustion
Simpkins, D. R. and Locklin, S. H. Power, 1995, 139, (7), 51-52, 54. Knowing what the 02 level is in various parts of the furnace has become critical information for boiler performance. Work at the Tennessee Valley plant supports the idea of using multiple furnace probes to provide more accurate, usable data.
96/02921
Reducing energy costs of boilers
Taplin, H. R. Energy Engng., 1995, 92, (5), 18-26. The paper discusses methods for improving boiler efficiency. Reviews boiler plant losses and how to promote higher efficiencies in spite of the continuing responsibilities of operations and pollution abatement.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996 203