Refining edible oils

.

ilrett&rivc

fat- the Ic’sl’;tdncc ~du&

I>\ it rcvct-\ihlc. fouling. of’d~position

X‘he c~tt’nt

w:i\ mainly contt-olled

b!, the tlus level in the r~mge of\v.lll sht;ll- rdtcs examined. A criticdl flux of

dhout

IO

identified

dm’irnh

\va

through

ohscrvarion

direct

of particle deposition

on the fibrcs. ‘I‘his value cortel.ltrd with

the

flux

irreversible

3t

which

fouling

negli~iblc.

These

signific‘mt

for

the

bK‘UlW

results

should

be

optimisin~

the

AFM characterisation of ultrafiltration membranes Atomic force microscopy (AI,M) hcen used to qu,tntify

h,t\

the mc,,n

operation of submerged membrCme

surface pore diameter-~ of a f.m~ll\~ot

biorcactor

five ultrafiltration

which

waste-water

bubbling

in

hydrodynamic improve

systcnic used

in

as

to

trchniquc

the perform,lnre

a

of the

membranes with

molecular weight cut-off (MW(:O) in the range 1000-I 0 000. Aspect mtio tips were L&.

and the images

membrane process.

were treated with

S. Chang. A.G. Fane: ./, of‘Cheriwl

remove diatom-tion\.‘l‘hc mc’dn porr

7i?hvlolo~_y

diameters

5.33-540

d- BiotPchrlolo
75 (7)

with

Enhancing selectivity of electrochemical detectors

evaluated from

Appropriate

using

of

the

to

were found to hc in the

systemdticall~-

design

filtct-in8

1.93-.i. 14 nm.

range

(luly 2000).

FFT

incre.l\ing

the

h4W<‘O.

Mean port diameters have J/V) hccn

flow-

injection (Fl) manifold and selection

relating

of suitable

Depending

detector-s may provide

the VW(X)

three published MW(:O

values

expt-e\sions

to \oIutc radius.

on the t;xpressioll

~iscd,

additional changes in the selectiviq

the ratio of the mcStn pore didmeters

of the FI

&rained

response compared with

non-flow

conventional mrnr.

ii\

sy\tcms.

dll

example

bdaed

literature

on

nI1cl

experimental

meaaureof

the

wch

d
the

authors‘

thC.

detection with different ion-selective tw0

and

ampcromert-ic systems

using the two .Ippro,rchc:, LL’.I\ he\t

different is discussed.

M WC:0

v‘ilur\.

thdn h,ls hecn Icportcd

an+is

mean surf&

systems

fol-

membrane

ion

e~eCtl-odCs

‘l’hc

MWCO

pal-e dinicn\lom

interferences

observed

key membrane propel-ty.

mez~uremrnts.

Simultaneous

ion

of pesricides

hdtch

is shown

ex.unple

of ,111 amperomrtric

sy\tcm

with

memhr,mc

d

hi-layer-

working

Simultaneous

detection

with

t:IA

of tactate in dn FtA

amperometric

bio-

sensing detection. T.K.

N. EI-Murr:

Ammtim

M. ‘tiojanowicz,

Robotics

Lahortrtory 12(4) 205-2

silTf;l~~p

f30wen.

&

I 5 (August

2000).

Next

month News Industry trends Commercial news

New product releases Contracts

54+547

(August ‘0001.

Features

Surface characterisation of composite membranes Surf&e a

set

of

activated containing

concentrations

photoelectron

different

acid (DTT’A)

was performed

around the world

composite

Research Trends

of di-(2.ethylhexyl)-

dithiophoaphoric carrier,

Developments and applications

chemic;J charactetiaation of

membranes.

vet Krawczyk,

,uch J

lipid

electrode.

and dacorhate is shown system

3s d”

in clu.mtif$ing

‘r.,4. hev.L: d hztof& Anrnl~~i~ 29(X)

W.R.

end

demonat?atcs the u\efu-

ness of Af:M

detect-

hcttct-

pt-eviou\l\.

good correspondence I)ctwcCn

depend on the relative response to in

o\Cl-dll

agl-cement wa\ \ubsranti,tlly The

(FIA)

data .~nd (N)

range

Selectivity changes in tlow-injection &crive

MW(:O

mcd\urcments

for the mcnlhranc\ Lvith thy Iowc\t

data, potentiomctric

electrodes

from

\vr,\ 111 I .O’t-?.~?. Agt-rcrne~~t between the dianictcrs ohr,ilned

AFM

‘1s

Latest membrane research

by X-ray

spectroscopy

(XI’S).

As a result of the addition of D’I‘PA

Recovery of heavy metals

Patents

to the membrane samples, the PG I\

Recently pubkhed

Mini-plants

signal intensities

offer

enormous

time

decrease, whereas

and cost savings when developing an

the P 2p signat intensities

inct-e.tse

industrial

with

conct’~~-

process.

Initial

pt-oduct

increasing

s,mlples and the performance of the

tration.

whole

polyamide

pl-occss

with

all

recycle

carrier

C\fter acid war added. rhc componenr

of

che

streams is the result of saving pilot-

membrane

X&

new peak at higher binding cncrgies

experiments.

The potential use

01. reactive processes in d mini-plant

was protonated,

wds ohserved in the nl

1, XI’S

.md ‘1

US and WO patents

WebWatch The best membrane sites reviewed

\iql.tl,

MembraneTechnologyNo. 127