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Reflex modulation of ovarian estradiol secretion via the superior ovarian nerve by somatosensory stimulation in rats
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Abstracts / Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 177 (2013) 297–319
ischemic brain were CD25+ cells, suggesting that these cells may exert the beneficial effects associated with BMC transplantation. Based on the reported anti-inflammatory role of CD25+ regulatory T-cells in acute experimental stroke, we propose a working model delineating the positive effects of BMC transplantation during the chronic phase of stroke; infiltrating BMCs reduce activated microglia, which leads to enhanced neurogenesis and enhanced recovery from neuronal damage in this rat model of chronic stroke. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.042
Poster 14.14 Reflex modulation of ovarian estradiol secretion via the superior ovarian nerve by somatosensory stimulation in rats S. Uchida, F. Kagitani, H. Hotta (Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan) Our previous study demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the superior ovarian nerve in rats reduces the ovarian estradiol secretion rate. In the present study, we examined the effect of noxious mechanical afferent stimulation (pinching) of a hindpaw on the ovarian estradiol secretion rate in rats. The rats were anesthetized on the day of estrus, and the ovarian venous blood was collected intermittently. The secretion rate of estradiol from the ovary was calculated from differences in the estradiol concentration between ovarian venous plasma and systemic arterial blood plasma, and from the flow rate of ovarian venous plasma. Pinching stimulation of a hindpaw for 5 min decreased the estradiol secretion rate from the ovary. A significant reduction of the estradiol secretion rate began at 5 min after the end of the stimulation and lasted for 20 min. The minimum decrease in estradiol secretion rate was 71.1 ± 14.0% of the prestimulus basal values at 15 min after the stimulation ended. The decrease responses of the ovarian estradiol secretion rate were abolished by bilateral severance of the superior ovarian nerves. The efferent activity of the superior ovarian nerves was increased following hindpaw pinching. After spinal transection at the second cervical level, the increased response of the superior ovarian nerve activity by hindpaw pinching was abolished. These results indicate that noxious mechanical stimulation of a hindpaw decreases the estradiol secretion rate from the ovary, and that the response is due to reflex activation of ovarian sympathetic nerves, mediated by supraspinal structures. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.043
Poster 14.17 Noradrenergic regulation of non-quantal acetylcholine release from parasympathetic fibers in rat myocardium Anastasia A. Borodinova (Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University of MV Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia), Denis V. Abramochkin (Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University of MV Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia) In mammalian myocardium acetylcholine (ACh), which represents the main neurotransmitter of cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, can be released both via quantal (vesicular) and non-quantal (nonvesicular) mechanisms of secretion. Non-quantal release is continuous, independent on vagus activity and exocytosis of ACh-containing vesicles.
During the incubation of myocardium in the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors non-quantal ACh release leads to accumulation of neurotransmitter in myocardium and provokes cholinergic effects, which are proportional to the intensity of non-quantal secretion. The aim of the present study was to reveal if non-quantal release of ACh can be modulated by another crucial cardioregulator norepinephrine or represents just uncontrolled leakage of ACh from cholinergic fibers. Cholinergic changes of electrical activity induced by AChE inhibitor paraoxon (5 × 10− 6 M) in isolated rat right atrial preparations were determined by means of standard microelectrode technique and used as a measure of non-quantal release intensity. Norepinephrine (10− 7М, 10− 6М), substantially suppressed, but not abolished, effects of paraoxon via activation of α-adrenoreceptors, as long as all experiments were conducted in the presence of β-blocker propranolol (5 × 10− 6 M). Perfusion with ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (10− 6 M) didn't cause significant changes in developing noradrenergic effects (10− 6 M), indicating that adrenergic stimulation suppresses non-quantal ACh release, rather than quantal secretion associated with activity of parasympathetic ganglions. Additional experiments have demonstrated that inhibitory action of norepinephrine can be blocked by α2-antagonist yohimbine (10− 6 M). However, both α1-agonist phenylephrine (10− 6 M) and α2-agonist clonidine (10− 6 M) significantly inhibited cholinergic effects of paraoxon indicating the possible involvement of both α-receptor subtypes in mediation of adrenergic inhibition of non-quantal ACh release. Thus, cardiac non-quantal ACh release can be negatively regulated by basic cardioregulator norepinephrine in addition to previously described inhibitory action of nitric oxide. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.044
Poster 14.19 Effect of sigmoid colectomy on recurrent sigmoid volvulus and severe constipation in some patients with Parkinson's disease. Report of three cases R. Nishi, Y. Hasegawa (Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan), T. Tsuzuki (Department of Pathology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan), M. Yoshida (Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan), A. Takahashi (Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan) Case 1. 82 y.o. woman. Hoehn-Yahr (HY) #2. Severe constipation and sigmoid volvulus (SV) for six years. No dementia, no psychological symptoms. Associated with postprandial hypotension and hyposmia. Case 2. 77 y.o. man. HY #3. Constipation for seven years. SV for one year. Associated with dementia, visual hallucination, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia. Case 3. 73 y.o. woman. HY #3. Constipation over 20 years. SV for ten years. Associated with mild dementia, RBD and orthostatic hypotension. These three cases underwent sigmoid colectomy for SV, which yielded no recurrence of SV. Constipation was improved significantly in Cases 1 and 2, but less in Case 3. Histopathologically no Lewy body was found in the tissue of the enlarged colon in Cases 1 and 2. We considered that sigmoid volvulus may play an important role in chronic constipation. In conclusion, careful consideration of sigmoid colectomy should be given to severe constipation and SV in some patients with Parkinson's disease. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.045
Abstracts / Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 177 (2013) 297–319
ischemic brain were CD25+ cells, suggesting that these cells may exert the beneficial effects associated with BMC transplantation. Based on the reported anti-inflammatory role of CD25+ regulatory T-cells in acute experimental stroke, we propose a working model delineating the positive effects of BMC transplantation during the chronic phase of stroke; infiltrating BMCs reduce activated microglia, which leads to enhanced neurogenesis and enhanced recovery from neuronal damage in this rat model of chronic stroke. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.042
Poster 14.14 Reflex modulation of ovarian estradiol secretion via the superior ovarian nerve by somatosensory stimulation in rats S. Uchida, F. Kagitani, H. Hotta (Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan) Our previous study demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the superior ovarian nerve in rats reduces the ovarian estradiol secretion rate. In the present study, we examined the effect of noxious mechanical afferent stimulation (pinching) of a hindpaw on the ovarian estradiol secretion rate in rats. The rats were anesthetized on the day of estrus, and the ovarian venous blood was collected intermittently. The secretion rate of estradiol from the ovary was calculated from differences in the estradiol concentration between ovarian venous plasma and systemic arterial blood plasma, and from the flow rate of ovarian venous plasma. Pinching stimulation of a hindpaw for 5 min decreased the estradiol secretion rate from the ovary. A significant reduction of the estradiol secretion rate began at 5 min after the end of the stimulation and lasted for 20 min. The minimum decrease in estradiol secretion rate was 71.1 ± 14.0% of the prestimulus basal values at 15 min after the stimulation ended. The decrease responses of the ovarian estradiol secretion rate were abolished by bilateral severance of the superior ovarian nerves. The efferent activity of the superior ovarian nerves was increased following hindpaw pinching. After spinal transection at the second cervical level, the increased response of the superior ovarian nerve activity by hindpaw pinching was abolished. These results indicate that noxious mechanical stimulation of a hindpaw decreases the estradiol secretion rate from the ovary, and that the response is due to reflex activation of ovarian sympathetic nerves, mediated by supraspinal structures. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.043
Poster 14.17 Noradrenergic regulation of non-quantal acetylcholine release from parasympathetic fibers in rat myocardium Anastasia A. Borodinova (Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University of MV Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia), Denis V. Abramochkin (Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University of MV Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia) In mammalian myocardium acetylcholine (ACh), which represents the main neurotransmitter of cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, can be released both via quantal (vesicular) and non-quantal (nonvesicular) mechanisms of secretion. Non-quantal release is continuous, independent on vagus activity and exocytosis of ACh-containing vesicles.
During the incubation of myocardium in the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors non-quantal ACh release leads to accumulation of neurotransmitter in myocardium and provokes cholinergic effects, which are proportional to the intensity of non-quantal secretion. The aim of the present study was to reveal if non-quantal release of ACh can be modulated by another crucial cardioregulator norepinephrine or represents just uncontrolled leakage of ACh from cholinergic fibers. Cholinergic changes of electrical activity induced by AChE inhibitor paraoxon (5 × 10− 6 M) in isolated rat right atrial preparations were determined by means of standard microelectrode technique and used as a measure of non-quantal release intensity. Norepinephrine (10− 7М, 10− 6М), substantially suppressed, but not abolished, effects of paraoxon via activation of α-adrenoreceptors, as long as all experiments were conducted in the presence of β-blocker propranolol (5 × 10− 6 M). Perfusion with ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (10− 6 M) didn't cause significant changes in developing noradrenergic effects (10− 6 M), indicating that adrenergic stimulation suppresses non-quantal ACh release, rather than quantal secretion associated with activity of parasympathetic ganglions. Additional experiments have demonstrated that inhibitory action of norepinephrine can be blocked by α2-antagonist yohimbine (10− 6 M). However, both α1-agonist phenylephrine (10− 6 M) and α2-agonist clonidine (10− 6 M) significantly inhibited cholinergic effects of paraoxon indicating the possible involvement of both α-receptor subtypes in mediation of adrenergic inhibition of non-quantal ACh release. Thus, cardiac non-quantal ACh release can be negatively regulated by basic cardioregulator norepinephrine in addition to previously described inhibitory action of nitric oxide. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.044
Poster 14.19 Effect of sigmoid colectomy on recurrent sigmoid volvulus and severe constipation in some patients with Parkinson's disease. Report of three cases R. Nishi, Y. Hasegawa (Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan), T. Tsuzuki (Department of Pathology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan), M. Yoshida (Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan), A. Takahashi (Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan) Case 1. 82 y.o. woman. Hoehn-Yahr (HY) #2. Severe constipation and sigmoid volvulus (SV) for six years. No dementia, no psychological symptoms. Associated with postprandial hypotension and hyposmia. Case 2. 77 y.o. man. HY #3. Constipation for seven years. SV for one year. Associated with dementia, visual hallucination, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia. Case 3. 73 y.o. woman. HY #3. Constipation over 20 years. SV for ten years. Associated with mild dementia, RBD and orthostatic hypotension. These three cases underwent sigmoid colectomy for SV, which yielded no recurrence of SV. Constipation was improved significantly in Cases 1 and 2, but less in Case 3. Histopathologically no Lewy body was found in the tissue of the enlarged colon in Cases 1 and 2. We considered that sigmoid volvulus may play an important role in chronic constipation. In conclusion, careful consideration of sigmoid colectomy should be given to severe constipation and SV in some patients with Parkinson's disease. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2013.08.045