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Regulation of lymphocyte proliferation by soluble products released by stimulated human lymphocytes
18
J. ALLERGY
Abstracts
of thymic hormone, which may participate in T cell induction in the periphery. It also suggests that the thymus may play a role in the pathogenesis of SCID, and that thymic deprivation occurs in the DiGeorge syndrome. M. C.
Evidence for transmission of lymphocyte responses to tuberculin by breast-feeding Schlesinger, 1977.
J. J., and Covelli,
CLIN. IMMUNOL. OCTOBER 1979
were the CH,, and CaPA values. The patients with chronic pulmonary disease following measles infection showed only low C, and an impaired response to DNCB. The rest of the tests were normal. The authors state that the comparatively normal results found in patients with chronic disease following measles suggests that the chronicity may be related to some factors other than alterations in immune response. J. Phillipp
H. D.: Lancet 1:529,
A prospective study was done on 26 tuberculin-positive and 9 negative puerperal mothers and their infants to evaluate the possibility of transmission of cell-mediated immunity. Breast feeding was instituted in 13 infants of the tuberculin-positive mothers and in all of the infants of negative mothers. All infants were healthy. Colostrom or early milk was collected, as well as blood from mothers and their newborns at 4 weeks of age. The infants were skin-tested with PPD at the same time. Cord blood was collected from all infants. Lymphocyte transformation studies were performed on the blood and milk samples. No infant was tuberculin-positive when tested at 4 weeks. PPD-reactive lymphocytes were found in blood, colostrum, and early milk of the tuberculin-positive mothers and in most (8/ 13) of their infants after 4 weeks of breast feeding, but not after bottle feeding. PPD-reactive lymphocytes were not found in breast feeding babies of tuberculin-negative mothers. These results suggest that breast-fed infants may passively acquire T cell responsiveness to a specific antigen by ingestion of breast milk. The absence of cutaneous sensitivity to tuberculin in the 4-week-old infants despite in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PPD could not be explained. M. C.
Alterations in immune response in acute measles and chronic post-measles in chest disease Coovadia, M., Wesley, A., Henderson, G., Brain, P., Vos, G., and Hallett, F.: Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 56:14, 1978. Measles infection has been associated with alterations in immune response. Whether these immunologic alterations are responsible for the chronicity of the infection in some individuals was the subject of this study. The investigators compared the immune responses of 20 patients with acute measles infection with those of 24 patients who developed chronic pulmonary infection foltowing measles. Those patients with acute measles infection were found to have multiple immune deficits with reduction of T, B, and null cell subpopulations with reduction of T cell function as evidenced by decreased phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in vitro and diminished response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Serum IgA was diminished as
Regulation of lymphocyte soluble products released human lymphocytes
proliferation by by stimulated
Blomgren, H., and Larsson, E-L.: Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 57:15, 1978. When lymphocytes in cell culture arc exposed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), they release mitogens into the supernatant culture medium (SUPS). SUPS in turn can stimulate other lymphocyte cultures. In the present studies the capacity of SUP-rich culture medium to affect the proliferation of human peripheral lymphocytes obtained from heparinized blood by centrifugation in Ficoll-Hypaque was investigated. T cells were further separated from “nonpuritied” cells by rosetting with sheep RBC. In the presence of SUP, “nonpurified” cells when stimulated with mitomycin-C-treated autologous or allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) incorporated “H thymidine as would be expected, but only for a 4-day period, whereas similar cell cultures without active SUP in the culture medium continued DNA synthesis. Further, “H-thymidine incorporation by lymphocyte cultures stimulated by PPD also declined after 4 days when SUP was present in the culture medium and 6 days in the absence of active SUP. Also, SUP alone stimulated lymphocytes to higher DNA synthesis than did PPD. PPD actually reduced mitogenic factor (MF) activity of the SUP. In all cases SUP reduced the response of lymphocytes to allogeneic cells, PPD, and PHA. These results indicate that the factors released by PHAstimulated lymphocytes inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes induced by allogeneic cells, PPD and PHA-the time kinetics indicate that phytomitogens may activate suppressor T cells in vitro. Thus a lymphocyte population exposed to active SUP and a mitogen such as mitomycin-C-treated allogeneic cells responds under control of the active SUP, which in turn is the most potent activator of suppressor cells. It is also conjectured that all suppressor cells which arise in antigen or phytomitogen-stimulated cultures are induced by products given off by activated lymphocytes; i.e., suppressor cells are activated q&r the lymphocytes have responded to the mitogen and released their lymphokines, and not by the mitogen. D. S.
J. ALLERGY
Abstracts
of thymic hormone, which may participate in T cell induction in the periphery. It also suggests that the thymus may play a role in the pathogenesis of SCID, and that thymic deprivation occurs in the DiGeorge syndrome. M. C.
Evidence for transmission of lymphocyte responses to tuberculin by breast-feeding Schlesinger, 1977.
J. J., and Covelli,
CLIN. IMMUNOL. OCTOBER 1979
were the CH,, and CaPA values. The patients with chronic pulmonary disease following measles infection showed only low C, and an impaired response to DNCB. The rest of the tests were normal. The authors state that the comparatively normal results found in patients with chronic disease following measles suggests that the chronicity may be related to some factors other than alterations in immune response. J. Phillipp
H. D.: Lancet 1:529,
A prospective study was done on 26 tuberculin-positive and 9 negative puerperal mothers and their infants to evaluate the possibility of transmission of cell-mediated immunity. Breast feeding was instituted in 13 infants of the tuberculin-positive mothers and in all of the infants of negative mothers. All infants were healthy. Colostrom or early milk was collected, as well as blood from mothers and their newborns at 4 weeks of age. The infants were skin-tested with PPD at the same time. Cord blood was collected from all infants. Lymphocyte transformation studies were performed on the blood and milk samples. No infant was tuberculin-positive when tested at 4 weeks. PPD-reactive lymphocytes were found in blood, colostrum, and early milk of the tuberculin-positive mothers and in most (8/ 13) of their infants after 4 weeks of breast feeding, but not after bottle feeding. PPD-reactive lymphocytes were not found in breast feeding babies of tuberculin-negative mothers. These results suggest that breast-fed infants may passively acquire T cell responsiveness to a specific antigen by ingestion of breast milk. The absence of cutaneous sensitivity to tuberculin in the 4-week-old infants despite in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PPD could not be explained. M. C.
Alterations in immune response in acute measles and chronic post-measles in chest disease Coovadia, M., Wesley, A., Henderson, G., Brain, P., Vos, G., and Hallett, F.: Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 56:14, 1978. Measles infection has been associated with alterations in immune response. Whether these immunologic alterations are responsible for the chronicity of the infection in some individuals was the subject of this study. The investigators compared the immune responses of 20 patients with acute measles infection with those of 24 patients who developed chronic pulmonary infection foltowing measles. Those patients with acute measles infection were found to have multiple immune deficits with reduction of T, B, and null cell subpopulations with reduction of T cell function as evidenced by decreased phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in vitro and diminished response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Serum IgA was diminished as
Regulation of lymphocyte soluble products released human lymphocytes
proliferation by by stimulated
Blomgren, H., and Larsson, E-L.: Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. 57:15, 1978. When lymphocytes in cell culture arc exposed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), they release mitogens into the supernatant culture medium (SUPS). SUPS in turn can stimulate other lymphocyte cultures. In the present studies the capacity of SUP-rich culture medium to affect the proliferation of human peripheral lymphocytes obtained from heparinized blood by centrifugation in Ficoll-Hypaque was investigated. T cells were further separated from “nonpuritied” cells by rosetting with sheep RBC. In the presence of SUP, “nonpurified” cells when stimulated with mitomycin-C-treated autologous or allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) incorporated “H thymidine as would be expected, but only for a 4-day period, whereas similar cell cultures without active SUP in the culture medium continued DNA synthesis. Further, “H-thymidine incorporation by lymphocyte cultures stimulated by PPD also declined after 4 days when SUP was present in the culture medium and 6 days in the absence of active SUP. Also, SUP alone stimulated lymphocytes to higher DNA synthesis than did PPD. PPD actually reduced mitogenic factor (MF) activity of the SUP. In all cases SUP reduced the response of lymphocytes to allogeneic cells, PPD, and PHA. These results indicate that the factors released by PHAstimulated lymphocytes inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes induced by allogeneic cells, PPD and PHA-the time kinetics indicate that phytomitogens may activate suppressor T cells in vitro. Thus a lymphocyte population exposed to active SUP and a mitogen such as mitomycin-C-treated allogeneic cells responds under control of the active SUP, which in turn is the most potent activator of suppressor cells. It is also conjectured that all suppressor cells which arise in antigen or phytomitogen-stimulated cultures are induced by products given off by activated lymphocytes; i.e., suppressor cells are activated q&r the lymphocytes have responded to the mitogen and released their lymphokines, and not by the mitogen. D. S.