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Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases
Continuing Medical Education examination
Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai00294 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: August 31, 2017 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
The Editors thank the University of Rochester Allergy/Immunology training program for developing this CME examination. The individuals who contributed to its preparation were Mahta Mortezavi, MD, and Jessica Stern, MD, under the direction of R. John Looney, MD. The CME examination authors disclosed the following relationships: The examination authors disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Learning objectives: ‘‘Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases’’ 1. To understand the distinction between natural regulatory T (nTreg) and induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells and their role in induction of tolerance. 2. To describe how regulatory T (Treg) cells are beneficial in promoting tolerance. 3. To describe how a proallergic environment can derange the Treg cell response to aggravate and perpetuate disease. 4. To understand the influence of inflammation on Treg cell subsets. 5. To describe the relationship between type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), TH2 cells, and Treg cells. CME items Question 1. Which of the following markers differentiates iTreg cells from nTreg cells? A. forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) B. IL-10 C. Helios D. GITR Question 2. Which of the following is a property of nTreg cells? A. generated in intestine and lungs B. induced by TGF-b C. express lymphocyte activation gene 3 D. recognize autoantigens Question 3. Which of the following statements about nTreg and iTreg cells is true? A. nTreg cells are found in the peripheral tissue, including the lungs and intestines, whereas iTreg cells are found in the thymus. B. nTreg cells mediate regulation to self-antigens, whereas iTreg cells respond to nonself antigens. C. Oral peanut desensitization leads to increased numbers of circulating allergen-specific nTreg cells. D. Patients with allergic asthma have increased iTreg cell counts in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL
Question 4. What is the influence of inflammation on Treg cells? A. iTreg cells are more stable than nTreg cells under inflammatory conditions. B. The noncoding region 2 of the FOXP3 gene on iTreg cells can be deactivated under inflammatory conditions through altered methylation. C. nTreg cells can become proinflammatory and produce IFN-g and IL-17 at sites of inflammation. D. Neuropilin is downregulated in an inflammatory environment. Question 5. The critical role of ILC2s in triggering TH2 cell adaptive immune responses involves the production of — A. TGF-b. B. IL-5. C. IL-10. D. IL-13.
September 2016
653
Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases Instructions for category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology is accredited as a provider of Continuing Medical Education (CME) by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Test ID no.: mai00294 Contact hours: 1.0 Expiration date: August 31, 2017 Category 1 credit can be earned by reading the text material and taking this CME examination online. For complete instructions, visit the Journal’s Web site at www.jacionline.org.
The Editors thank the University of Rochester Allergy/Immunology training program for developing this CME examination. The individuals who contributed to its preparation were Mahta Mortezavi, MD, and Jessica Stern, MD, under the direction of R. John Looney, MD. The CME examination authors disclosed the following relationships: The examination authors disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Learning objectives: ‘‘Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases’’ 1. To understand the distinction between natural regulatory T (nTreg) and induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells and their role in induction of tolerance. 2. To describe how regulatory T (Treg) cells are beneficial in promoting tolerance. 3. To describe how a proallergic environment can derange the Treg cell response to aggravate and perpetuate disease. 4. To understand the influence of inflammation on Treg cell subsets. 5. To describe the relationship between type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), TH2 cells, and Treg cells. CME items Question 1. Which of the following markers differentiates iTreg cells from nTreg cells? A. forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) B. IL-10 C. Helios D. GITR Question 2. Which of the following is a property of nTreg cells? A. generated in intestine and lungs B. induced by TGF-b C. express lymphocyte activation gene 3 D. recognize autoantigens Question 3. Which of the following statements about nTreg and iTreg cells is true? A. nTreg cells are found in the peripheral tissue, including the lungs and intestines, whereas iTreg cells are found in the thymus. B. nTreg cells mediate regulation to self-antigens, whereas iTreg cells respond to nonself antigens. C. Oral peanut desensitization leads to increased numbers of circulating allergen-specific nTreg cells. D. Patients with allergic asthma have increased iTreg cell counts in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL
Question 4. What is the influence of inflammation on Treg cells? A. iTreg cells are more stable than nTreg cells under inflammatory conditions. B. The noncoding region 2 of the FOXP3 gene on iTreg cells can be deactivated under inflammatory conditions through altered methylation. C. nTreg cells can become proinflammatory and produce IFN-g and IL-17 at sites of inflammation. D. Neuropilin is downregulated in an inflammatory environment. Question 5. The critical role of ILC2s in triggering TH2 cell adaptive immune responses involves the production of — A. TGF-b. B. IL-5. C. IL-10. D. IL-13.
September 2016
653