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RELATION BETWEEN GNOSIS AND SPIRITUALITY AND HOT FLASHES IN MENOPAUSES WOMEN
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8th European Congress on Menopause (EMAS) / Maturitas 63, Supplement 1 (2009) S1–S136
tients is 16.7%. Although there is no differential gynecologic disease having the relation with the prevalence of depression/anxiety in gynecologic outpatients, some kinds of major impairments seem related to it.It is unrelated to the age of patients, but it is related to the frequency of visiting doctor. Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Gynecology.
258 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTIC MENOPAUSE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA A. Djurdjevic Djulepa 1 , A. Bajraktarevic 2 , A. Tabori 3 , S. Dekovic 4 , D. Idrizbegovic 5, Z. Rovcanin 6 , A. Semic Jusufagic 7 , Z. Jatic 8 . 1 General Hospital Sarajevo, Departments for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Public Health Institution of Canton Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 3 Dispensary for Gynecology Sarajevo, Department for Menopause, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 4 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Gynecologic Endocrinology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 5 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Menopause, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 6 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Urgency Gynecology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 7 Clinical Medical Centre Marmara, Department for Alergology and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey; 8 Medical Faculty Sarajevo, Department for Family Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Objectives: Menopause, or the permanent end of menstruation and fertility, is a natural biological process, not a medical illness. Ovulations start to be skipped, and the menstrual cycle starts to become less reliable in timing. The hypothesis of this article was proving differencies in ages between different ethnics groups, social level, education level, smoking habits, number of pregnancy, body mass indeks and different health conditions. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables and preexisting morbidity as well as their first order interactions with the survey period were included as co-variables. To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of more than 10, 000 Bosnian female. Results: Low educational level, lower BMI, smoking, early menarche, nulliparity and regular cycles are independently associated with lower age at natural menopause in a large sample of women attending menopause clinics in Sarajevo. The prevalence of earlier menopause (before 45 years) 45 was 19.6% among women observed in 2002-2004, 18.9% in 2005, 17.2% in 2006, 12.1% in 2007, and 12.9% in 2008. Conclusions: Menopause is a normal part of life, just like puberty. Analysis of patterns of women with menopause use among postmenopausal Bosnian women, before and after publication of results from Gynecologist/Medical Research Bosnian Group in Sarajevo showed discrepancies in ages, ethnics groups, social and education levels, habits like smoking, pregnancy during life etc Keywords: Menopause, Ages, Women, Differencies.
259 STUDY OF THE AGE AT MENOPAUSE AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS OF MENOPAUSAL AGE AMONG WOMEN WHO LIVED IN HAMADAN IN 2007 R. Bakht 1 , A. Omidi 2 , Z. Balali 3 . 1 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Materenal &Child Health, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Community Health Nursing, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 3 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Nursing, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the age at menopause and possible factors affecting the age at menopause among women in Hamadan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been performed on 240 menopausal women aged 60 years or younger who have stopped menstruating for at least 6 months. Sampling method was on goal basis; the data was gathered using questionnaires collected from women at their home covered by 5 medical centers located in north, south, west, east and center of Hamadan (a city in Iran) in 2007. The data was analyzed with SPSS application. Results: The results showed that the average age at menopause was 47
years, the minimum and maximum ages at menopause was 26 and 57 years, respectively, and the most populated group (44.5%) were between 46 and 50 years old. The results showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between age at menopause and factors such as menopausal age of mother and sister, age at menarche, women’s surgery, physical activity, and daily intake of dairy products (P<0.05). On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between age at menopause and factors such as being a descendant of the prophet Muhammed, education level, job, number of births, height and weight. Conclusions: The average age at menopause among women in Hamadan was 47 years. Although the effects of genetic factors are obvious, understanding other factors such as exercises and diet are important to help women facing their menopause and planning for it. Keywords: Menopause-age/women.
260 RELATION BETWEEN GNOSIS AND SPIRITUALITY AND HOT FLASHES IN MENOPAUSES WOMEN M. Bakhtyar 1 , A. Poorandokht 2 . 1 Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch, Littreture and Humanities Faculty, Ahvaz, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2 Ahvaz Jondishapour Medical Sciences University, Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran, Islamic Republic of Objectives: Hot flashes are considered the “classic” symptom of menopause, with estimates ranging from 57% to 74% of naturally menopausal American women reporting hot flashes. In theory, relaxation training could help by affecting nervous system activity and the release of the stress hormone nor epinephrine. In 1 study of 506 women, the majority of participants (59%) cited negative emotions as the leading trigger of hot flashes In this study we tried to find the effect of Hafez’s gnosis and spirituality on hot flashes of menopausal women. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the private clinics of Ahwaz. Our samples were 90 menopause women. Aged 49-60 years. We had an interview with them and had some questions about Hafez and their knowledge about Hafez’s gnosis and spirituality another group ask about menopause symptoms. Results: Participants’ average age was 54.2 years.16% of our samples had good information about Hafez ’s gnosis and spirituality, 22% moderate information and also moderate attitude about him. Majority of samples (87%) had hot flashes and there was significant difference between people who have good attitude about Hafez ’s gnosis and spirituality with frequency of hot hot flashes. Conclusions: We fond the role of emotional arousal in the occurrence of hot flashes during daily life. And we found gnosis and spirituality can help to people for reduce their physical symptoms. Keywords: gnosis and spirituality - hot flashes - menopauses women
261 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC MUTATIONS OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS GENE AND ARTERIAL DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY. RESULTS FROM THE THREE-CITY (3C) STUDY M. Canonico 1 , L. Carcaillon 1 , J.-F. Dartigues 2 , K. Ritchie 3 , M. Giroud 4 , P.-Y. Scarabin 1 . 1 Inserm U780, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Villejuif, France; 2 Inserm U897, Bordeaux, France; 3 Inserm U888, Montpellier, France; 4 Inserm U708, Paris, France Objectives: Estrogens may play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their effects are modulated by the estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2). Previous data suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of these receptors might influence cardiovascular risk. Further data are needed to clarify these potential associations. Methods: The 3C study is a French cohort aimed to evaluate the risk of CVD and dementia in the elderly. Between 1999 and 2001, non-institutionalised patients over 65 years (3.649 men and 5.645 women) were included and followed by biannually questionnaires (mean follow-up: 3.5 years). ESR1 (rs2234693, rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049, rs4986938, rs1271572) SNP were genotyped among 90% of the overall cohort, including 333 incident cases of cardiovascular disease (199 coronary events and 134 strokes). Results: Allelic frequencies of the different SNPs were close to those expected in Caucasian population. Participant with rs1256049 AA genotype
8th European Congress on Menopause (EMAS) / Maturitas 63, Supplement 1 (2009) S1–S136
tients is 16.7%. Although there is no differential gynecologic disease having the relation with the prevalence of depression/anxiety in gynecologic outpatients, some kinds of major impairments seem related to it.It is unrelated to the age of patients, but it is related to the frequency of visiting doctor. Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Gynecology.
258 EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTIC MENOPAUSE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA A. Djurdjevic Djulepa 1 , A. Bajraktarevic 2 , A. Tabori 3 , S. Dekovic 4 , D. Idrizbegovic 5, Z. Rovcanin 6 , A. Semic Jusufagic 7 , Z. Jatic 8 . 1 General Hospital Sarajevo, Departments for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Public Health Institution of Canton Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 3 Dispensary for Gynecology Sarajevo, Department for Menopause, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 4 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Gynecologic Endocrinology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 5 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Menopause, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 6 Gynecology-Obstetric Clinic Sarajevo, Department for Urgency Gynecology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 7 Clinical Medical Centre Marmara, Department for Alergology and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey; 8 Medical Faculty Sarajevo, Department for Family Medicine, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Objectives: Menopause, or the permanent end of menstruation and fertility, is a natural biological process, not a medical illness. Ovulations start to be skipped, and the menstrual cycle starts to become less reliable in timing. The hypothesis of this article was proving differencies in ages between different ethnics groups, social level, education level, smoking habits, number of pregnancy, body mass indeks and different health conditions. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables and preexisting morbidity as well as their first order interactions with the survey period were included as co-variables. To examine the interrelationships of cigarette smoking, relative weight, and the occurrence of natural menopause, the authors prospectively evaluated the experience of more than 10, 000 Bosnian female. Results: Low educational level, lower BMI, smoking, early menarche, nulliparity and regular cycles are independently associated with lower age at natural menopause in a large sample of women attending menopause clinics in Sarajevo. The prevalence of earlier menopause (before 45 years) 45 was 19.6% among women observed in 2002-2004, 18.9% in 2005, 17.2% in 2006, 12.1% in 2007, and 12.9% in 2008. Conclusions: Menopause is a normal part of life, just like puberty. Analysis of patterns of women with menopause use among postmenopausal Bosnian women, before and after publication of results from Gynecologist/Medical Research Bosnian Group in Sarajevo showed discrepancies in ages, ethnics groups, social and education levels, habits like smoking, pregnancy during life etc Keywords: Menopause, Ages, Women, Differencies.
259 STUDY OF THE AGE AT MENOPAUSE AND EFFECTIVE FACTORS OF MENOPAUSAL AGE AMONG WOMEN WHO LIVED IN HAMADAN IN 2007 R. Bakht 1 , A. Omidi 2 , Z. Balali 3 . 1 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Materenal &Child Health, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Community Health Nursing, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 3 Hamadan Medical Sciences University, Nursing, Hamadan, Iran, Islamic Republic of Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the age at menopause and possible factors affecting the age at menopause among women in Hamadan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been performed on 240 menopausal women aged 60 years or younger who have stopped menstruating for at least 6 months. Sampling method was on goal basis; the data was gathered using questionnaires collected from women at their home covered by 5 medical centers located in north, south, west, east and center of Hamadan (a city in Iran) in 2007. The data was analyzed with SPSS application. Results: The results showed that the average age at menopause was 47
years, the minimum and maximum ages at menopause was 26 and 57 years, respectively, and the most populated group (44.5%) were between 46 and 50 years old. The results showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between age at menopause and factors such as menopausal age of mother and sister, age at menarche, women’s surgery, physical activity, and daily intake of dairy products (P<0.05). On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between age at menopause and factors such as being a descendant of the prophet Muhammed, education level, job, number of births, height and weight. Conclusions: The average age at menopause among women in Hamadan was 47 years. Although the effects of genetic factors are obvious, understanding other factors such as exercises and diet are important to help women facing their menopause and planning for it. Keywords: Menopause-age/women.
260 RELATION BETWEEN GNOSIS AND SPIRITUALITY AND HOT FLASHES IN MENOPAUSES WOMEN M. Bakhtyar 1 , A. Poorandokht 2 . 1 Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Branch, Littreture and Humanities Faculty, Ahvaz, Iran, Islamic Republic of; 2 Ahvaz Jondishapour Medical Sciences University, Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran, Islamic Republic of Objectives: Hot flashes are considered the “classic” symptom of menopause, with estimates ranging from 57% to 74% of naturally menopausal American women reporting hot flashes. In theory, relaxation training could help by affecting nervous system activity and the release of the stress hormone nor epinephrine. In 1 study of 506 women, the majority of participants (59%) cited negative emotions as the leading trigger of hot flashes In this study we tried to find the effect of Hafez’s gnosis and spirituality on hot flashes of menopausal women. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the private clinics of Ahwaz. Our samples were 90 menopause women. Aged 49-60 years. We had an interview with them and had some questions about Hafez and their knowledge about Hafez’s gnosis and spirituality another group ask about menopause symptoms. Results: Participants’ average age was 54.2 years.16% of our samples had good information about Hafez ’s gnosis and spirituality, 22% moderate information and also moderate attitude about him. Majority of samples (87%) had hot flashes and there was significant difference between people who have good attitude about Hafez ’s gnosis and spirituality with frequency of hot hot flashes. Conclusions: We fond the role of emotional arousal in the occurrence of hot flashes during daily life. And we found gnosis and spirituality can help to people for reduce their physical symptoms. Keywords: gnosis and spirituality - hot flashes - menopauses women
261 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENETIC MUTATIONS OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS GENE AND ARTERIAL DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY. RESULTS FROM THE THREE-CITY (3C) STUDY M. Canonico 1 , L. Carcaillon 1 , J.-F. Dartigues 2 , K. Ritchie 3 , M. Giroud 4 , P.-Y. Scarabin 1 . 1 Inserm U780, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Villejuif, France; 2 Inserm U897, Bordeaux, France; 3 Inserm U888, Montpellier, France; 4 Inserm U708, Paris, France Objectives: Estrogens may play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their effects are modulated by the estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2). Previous data suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of these receptors might influence cardiovascular risk. Further data are needed to clarify these potential associations. Methods: The 3C study is a French cohort aimed to evaluate the risk of CVD and dementia in the elderly. Between 1999 and 2001, non-institutionalised patients over 65 years (3.649 men and 5.645 women) were included and followed by biannually questionnaires (mean follow-up: 3.5 years). ESR1 (rs2234693, rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049, rs4986938, rs1271572) SNP were genotyped among 90% of the overall cohort, including 333 incident cases of cardiovascular disease (199 coronary events and 134 strokes). Results: Allelic frequencies of the different SNPs were close to those expected in Caucasian population. Participant with rs1256049 AA genotype