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Relation between k-complex-related blood pressure change and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects
266 function and squared coherence values between the arterial pressure wave form and the renal sympathetic nerve activity were measured. The maximum peak coherence and gain were observed when the total artificial heart was driven at the same frequency level as the natural heart beat before electrical ventricular fibrillation, an observation suggesting that this frequency is optimal for the baroreflex system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 30 (1993) 72-77) Relation Between K-Complex-Related Blood Pressure Change and Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Human Subjects Hisashi Okada, Shigeo Takeuchi, Yoshiki Sugiyama, Satoshi Iwase, Tadaaki Mano and Takemasa Watanabe
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan We recorded by microneurography the sympathetic outflows to muscles in four healthy volunteers during sleep, while simultaneously recording electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electrocardiogram, respiration rate and blood pressure. Double recordings of muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity were made in two out of four subjects. External stimuli were applied during sleep as noise stimuli (tone bursts of 880 Hz with 125 ms duration). Burst discharges of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, which do not respond to arousal stimuli in the alert state, were induced approximately 1 s after the spontaneous or the noise-induced K-complexes (biphasic sharp waves distinct from background electroencephalographic activity in stage 2) preceded by skin sympathetic nerve activity. The peak blood pressure increase was consistently observed after spontaneous or noise-induced K-complexes with a latency of 4 to 5 s after the burst of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. The increase in blood pressure associated with noise-induced K-complexes was significantly higher than that with the spontaneous K-complexes. The latency of skin sympathetic nerve activity elicited by noise stimuli was 0.9 + 0.1 s, and that of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was t.3 + 0.2 s; both activities were frequently observed in this order after noise-induced K-complexes. We conclude that sympathetic outflows to muscle and skin may have in part the same origin as K-complexes during sleep, and that afferent inputs from baroreceptors for the generation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity may decrease during sleep. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 30 (1993) 78-84)
A Basic Study on the Repair of Intrinsic Nerves After Sphincter-Papillotomy Yoshiki Noda
The Third Department of Surgery, Ohashi Hospital, 7bho University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 153, Japan Experimental papillary sphincterotomy was performed in order to study the process of nerve repair. Cats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then laparotomized to perform a sphincter-papillotomy with either a major incision of 7 mm or a minor incision of 3 mm. The distribution of sympathetic nerves was studied morphologically by the Falck-Hiltarp's method, that of parasympathetic nerves was studied by the Karnovky and Roots' method and that of peptidergic nerves was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method; control animals, animals immediately after sphincterectomy, and animals 1 week, 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after sphincterectomy were used. The myoelectrical activity was recorded simultaneously from the sphincter of Oddi and from the duodenum. After sphincter papillotomy with a minor incision, the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the vicinity of the incision recovered within 3 weeks and that of peptidergic nerves recovered within 8 weeks. The myoelectrical activity was comparable to that of the control group 3 weeks after the operation. After papillotomy with a major incision, the architecture of nerves was not restored even after 6 months and by myoelectrography there was no sign of functional recovery. It is concluded from these data that the major incision method has effects of longer duration on the papillary region than the minor incision method. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 30 (1993) 85-92)
Effects of Prostaglandins El, E z and Fz~ on Changes in Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rabbit Urinary Bladder Shun Kondo, Yohtalou Tashima and Takashi Morita *
Second Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010, Japan, * Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, Japan In order to clarify whether the action of prostaglandins on the urinary bladder is mediated by an adenylate cyclase, we investigated the effects of prostaglandins El, E2 and F2~ on the adenylate cyclase activity of the rabbit urinary bladder, using the method of Satomon et al. It was found that prostaglandins El, E 2 and F2. all
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan We recorded by microneurography the sympathetic outflows to muscles in four healthy volunteers during sleep, while simultaneously recording electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electrocardiogram, respiration rate and blood pressure. Double recordings of muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity were made in two out of four subjects. External stimuli were applied during sleep as noise stimuli (tone bursts of 880 Hz with 125 ms duration). Burst discharges of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, which do not respond to arousal stimuli in the alert state, were induced approximately 1 s after the spontaneous or the noise-induced K-complexes (biphasic sharp waves distinct from background electroencephalographic activity in stage 2) preceded by skin sympathetic nerve activity. The peak blood pressure increase was consistently observed after spontaneous or noise-induced K-complexes with a latency of 4 to 5 s after the burst of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. The increase in blood pressure associated with noise-induced K-complexes was significantly higher than that with the spontaneous K-complexes. The latency of skin sympathetic nerve activity elicited by noise stimuli was 0.9 + 0.1 s, and that of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was t.3 + 0.2 s; both activities were frequently observed in this order after noise-induced K-complexes. We conclude that sympathetic outflows to muscle and skin may have in part the same origin as K-complexes during sleep, and that afferent inputs from baroreceptors for the generation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity may decrease during sleep. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 30 (1993) 78-84)
A Basic Study on the Repair of Intrinsic Nerves After Sphincter-Papillotomy Yoshiki Noda
The Third Department of Surgery, Ohashi Hospital, 7bho University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 153, Japan Experimental papillary sphincterotomy was performed in order to study the process of nerve repair. Cats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then laparotomized to perform a sphincter-papillotomy with either a major incision of 7 mm or a minor incision of 3 mm. The distribution of sympathetic nerves was studied morphologically by the Falck-Hiltarp's method, that of parasympathetic nerves was studied by the Karnovky and Roots' method and that of peptidergic nerves was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method; control animals, animals immediately after sphincterectomy, and animals 1 week, 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after sphincterectomy were used. The myoelectrical activity was recorded simultaneously from the sphincter of Oddi and from the duodenum. After sphincter papillotomy with a minor incision, the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the vicinity of the incision recovered within 3 weeks and that of peptidergic nerves recovered within 8 weeks. The myoelectrical activity was comparable to that of the control group 3 weeks after the operation. After papillotomy with a major incision, the architecture of nerves was not restored even after 6 months and by myoelectrography there was no sign of functional recovery. It is concluded from these data that the major incision method has effects of longer duration on the papillary region than the minor incision method. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 30 (1993) 85-92)
Effects of Prostaglandins El, E z and Fz~ on Changes in Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rabbit Urinary Bladder Shun Kondo, Yohtalou Tashima and Takashi Morita *
Second Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010, Japan, * Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, Japan In order to clarify whether the action of prostaglandins on the urinary bladder is mediated by an adenylate cyclase, we investigated the effects of prostaglandins El, E2 and F2~ on the adenylate cyclase activity of the rabbit urinary bladder, using the method of Satomon et al. It was found that prostaglandins El, E 2 and F2. all