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Relation of the pH of nasal secretions in situ to the activity of lysozyme
Relation
Otorhinology and Ophthalmology of the pH of Nasal Secretions in Situ to the Activity
of Lysozyme.
Fabricant, Noah. 1). : Awh. Otolaryng. 41: 53, 1945. In normal nasal passages the l)TI of the nasal secretions in situ varies from 5.5 to 6.4. During acute rhinitis and the active phases of allergic rliiiiitis the secretions become alkaline. I~ysozymc, which has the property of dissolving certain ba.cteria, acts most effectively in an arid pH. It is most active in the slightly acid nasal secretions of the clinically normal nose and loses much of its activity in the alkaline nasal secretions accompanying the common CY)ld. The pH of nasal secretions measured in situ by means of the Coleman electrometer fluctuated according to the demands of physiologic function and as a result of pathologic nasal states, such as infections or allergic rhinitis. Fluctuations in pH of the nasal secretions affected t,he bacterial flora of the nose and sinuses. Eosinophiles in the secretions disappeared when the pH fell on the acid side. and reappeared as the pH returned to the alkaline side. An attack of allergic rhinitis was experimentally induced in a young white Female, who was known to be markedly sensitive to gardenias. The nasal pH before inhalation of the ilower varied from 6 to 6.5. After experimental c1xposm.e and the development of symptoms, it rose rapidly and reached all illkalinity of pH 7.9. A.
The Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Conditioned by Sulfonamides. I. General Clinical Considerations. Siegel, M., and Julianelle, L. A. : Ann. Tnt. Xed. 22: 1, 1945. Sulfadiazine \vas administered daily to thirty children for a fifteen-week There were no epidemics during this period from December through March. period by which the prophylactic value of the drug could be judged. The infections encountered were mild in both treated patients and in untreated controls. The mild infections appeared to be unaffected by the drug. Recognizable toxic reactions nttrihutable to sulfadiazine were negligible. Significant, ehnnges in the bacterial flora of t,he nasopharynx were observed. 1-I.
The Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Conditioned by Sulfonamides. II. Gross Alterations in the Nasopharyngeal Flora Associated With Treatment. Julianelle, L. A., and Siegel, M. : Ann. Int. Med. 22: 10, 1945. Prolonged treatment of physically normal children with sulfadiazine caused changes in the bacterial flora of the throat. The most striking effect of sulfadinzine treatment was a rapid disappearance of gram-negative cocci from the nasopharynx. In the majority of the treated individuals, there was a gradual return of these organisms despite & doubling of the dosage. Test,s in vitro demonstrated the susceptibility of the organisms from the untreated children as conlpared with that of the organisms from the treated children. The effect on hemolytic streptococci was not conclusive, but the data suggested a partial inhibitory action by the sulfadiazine. H.
Rhinitis
Vasomotoria
Due to Imbalance of the Endocrine
Glands.
J~aul),
G. Tt. :
Larytigoscope 55 : 179, 1945. Endocwinologic disturbances may result in vasomotor rhinitis. The cliIrlacteric in man as well as in woman is a period during which nasal symptoms may develop. Two other periods in the life span when these symptoms tend to occur are at adolescence ant1 during the eighth decade. The administration of small doses of testicanlar or ovarian extract was found to improve the condition. Disturbances in the thyroid, parathyroid, or the pituitary gland may result in vasomotor rhinitis. A careful history, basal metabolism determinations (repeated after the ingestion of protein) and trial treatment aid in determining the gland involved. li’our cases of vasomotor rhinitis, t,wo with concomitant asthma, arc prescntcd to illustrate the excellent results obtained with endocrine therapy. F.
Otorhinology and Ophthalmology of the pH of Nasal Secretions in Situ to the Activity
of Lysozyme.
Fabricant, Noah. 1). : Awh. Otolaryng. 41: 53, 1945. In normal nasal passages the l)TI of the nasal secretions in situ varies from 5.5 to 6.4. During acute rhinitis and the active phases of allergic rliiiiitis the secretions become alkaline. I~ysozymc, which has the property of dissolving certain ba.cteria, acts most effectively in an arid pH. It is most active in the slightly acid nasal secretions of the clinically normal nose and loses much of its activity in the alkaline nasal secretions accompanying the common CY)ld. The pH of nasal secretions measured in situ by means of the Coleman electrometer fluctuated according to the demands of physiologic function and as a result of pathologic nasal states, such as infections or allergic rhinitis. Fluctuations in pH of the nasal secretions affected t,he bacterial flora of the nose and sinuses. Eosinophiles in the secretions disappeared when the pH fell on the acid side. and reappeared as the pH returned to the alkaline side. An attack of allergic rhinitis was experimentally induced in a young white Female, who was known to be markedly sensitive to gardenias. The nasal pH before inhalation of the ilower varied from 6 to 6.5. After experimental c1xposm.e and the development of symptoms, it rose rapidly and reached all illkalinity of pH 7.9. A.
The Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Conditioned by Sulfonamides. I. General Clinical Considerations. Siegel, M., and Julianelle, L. A. : Ann. Tnt. Xed. 22: 1, 1945. Sulfadiazine \vas administered daily to thirty children for a fifteen-week There were no epidemics during this period from December through March. period by which the prophylactic value of the drug could be judged. The infections encountered were mild in both treated patients and in untreated controls. The mild infections appeared to be unaffected by the drug. Recognizable toxic reactions nttrihutable to sulfadiazine were negligible. Significant, ehnnges in the bacterial flora of t,he nasopharynx were observed. 1-I.
The Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Conditioned by Sulfonamides. II. Gross Alterations in the Nasopharyngeal Flora Associated With Treatment. Julianelle, L. A., and Siegel, M. : Ann. Int. Med. 22: 10, 1945. Prolonged treatment of physically normal children with sulfadiazine caused changes in the bacterial flora of the throat. The most striking effect of sulfadinzine treatment was a rapid disappearance of gram-negative cocci from the nasopharynx. In the majority of the treated individuals, there was a gradual return of these organisms despite & doubling of the dosage. Test,s in vitro demonstrated the susceptibility of the organisms from the untreated children as conlpared with that of the organisms from the treated children. The effect on hemolytic streptococci was not conclusive, but the data suggested a partial inhibitory action by the sulfadiazine. H.
Rhinitis
Vasomotoria
Due to Imbalance of the Endocrine
Glands.
J~aul),
G. Tt. :
Larytigoscope 55 : 179, 1945. Endocwinologic disturbances may result in vasomotor rhinitis. The cliIrlacteric in man as well as in woman is a period during which nasal symptoms may develop. Two other periods in the life span when these symptoms tend to occur are at adolescence ant1 during the eighth decade. The administration of small doses of testicanlar or ovarian extract was found to improve the condition. Disturbances in the thyroid, parathyroid, or the pituitary gland may result in vasomotor rhinitis. A careful history, basal metabolism determinations (repeated after the ingestion of protein) and trial treatment aid in determining the gland involved. li’our cases of vasomotor rhinitis, t,wo with concomitant asthma, arc prescntcd to illustrate the excellent results obtained with endocrine therapy. F.