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Relationship between fracture spacing and bed thickness
23A
v a l u e s of less than 80 per cent are f ~ e r characterised by measuring their ~lastlci~y iMex. The shale r a t i ~ can then be derived from from t h e s e t e s t results. Tentative c c ~ a t i o ~ a r e ~ o p o s e d t o l i n k t h e ratiDgs with s h a l e performance on e~6inee~iD~ l~o~ects: excavation methods, fou~datlon ~operties, embankment construction a~d slope stabill%y.
I n t h i s model r o c k b l o c k s a r e Eegarded as having s l ~ e r i c a l shape sift t h e y e r e d e s c r i b e d by a d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d i a m e t e r s o f s p h e r e s . The measured quantities are t h e lengths of chords which are recorded a l c ~ meas~rlng lines across rock faces. The volume fractions of the size classes of rock blocks are d e r i v e d from the distribution of chard leD@the. Three metheds are discussed for obtai~i~ the sphere diameter distribution from counts of chord r a i l e r s on sections. An example is given fur the size distributlon of r o c k blocks in a weathering ~ r o f i l e of an Upper Devonian siltstone. Auth.
822019 S 0 1 L - M S I ~ PROPERTIES C~ St~GRAZ~ SOILS Janseen~ D J; Dempsey, B J Transp Res Rec, N7~0, 1981, P61-67 Sell moist~e a ~ metric potential are discussed. The soil-moisture charac~.rist~c curve is explained, a~i typical curves for a variety of soils: a serd, a silt, a ~ a clay are c~mpared. The curves can be used: (i) to predict the equilibrium moisture content of the soil, (2) %o identify soils auscel~Ible to large c h a ~ e s in moisture content, (3) to ~edict unsaturated h~Sraulic coMuctivi~v - ~ (~) t o ~evi~e information for the evaluation of soil and mateTial s~e~gth. The resilient modulus of s~b~rade soils may also be estlmate~ u s i ~ these
822023 DkT~MINATION OF SOME IMP(BTA~T GEOTECHNICAL JOINT
~ao~ em~a~)
Beyer~ F; Rolofs~ F Rock Mech~ VI~, NI, May 1961, I~3-~6 Simple equations, derived from integral g e c ~ , ere ~ e s m ~ e d which are useful in eval~ting properties of Joints, eg the length of inters e c t e d Joints, the Joint area, the Joint opening, the Joint vol~e, a M %he length of the edges of rock blocks defined by the Joints. These equations are ccml~red with ~evlously derived equations. Methods of measurement used to r e c c ~ the features needed to eval~te the Joint ~roperf~es a r e d e s c r i b e d . The equations a r e t h e n t e s t e d on a w e a t h e r i n g I ~ o f l l e f c~ an Upper Devonian siltstone.
c%12~es.
822020 DESIGN PRGBLEMS FCR U~DERGRCUND ~ WASTE DISPOSAL IN BASALT Schmldt, B Proc ~th Ral~d Excavation and Tunnelimg Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V2, P1229-1250. Publ New Ycrk: AIME, 1981
82202~ Discusses the considerations involved in ensuring the isolation of ~u~lear waste in under~rou~i repositories. Describes the Nuclear Waste Repositu~y in Basalt (NWR~) which i s used %o investigate these cOnslde~ations. The thermal and mechanical l~Operties of the basalt are investigated to predict the I o ~ term behaviour of the rock. These include det~rminstion of unconfined COmlm~essive s ~ r e n g ~ a ~ Y o g a M o d u l ~ a~i thermal coM~ctivity. Lab data is then used for ccml~terised mc~ellir~. 822021 T ~ C A L B~HAVIOR CF ~ . T . R r ~ DISPOSAL ROOMS FGR WASTE RETRIEVAL CONSIDERATIONS IN A SALT D~4E REPOSITORY Ratigan, J L; Wagner, R A; Gmirk, P F Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and ~ I n g Conf~ence, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V2, P1288-1306. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Describes the t h e r m c ~ c a l analyses carried out for the Avery Isla~ dome salt mine, Louisiana, USA. This was to determine the transient temperature rise and de~ree of therm~echa~cal consolidation that occurs in the backfill as a function of d r i l l h o l e depth, t o e v a l u a t e c l o s u r e due t o s a l t creep of unlined emplacement drlllholes~ s ~ to determine the l~essure on steel sleeve linm~s if • " s e d . T h e r n ~ L l a n d thermovlscoelastlc modelling l~rocedt~ces were used with finite element methods t o do t h i s .
Texture, structure, composition and den~ty 822022 s~z~ D~S%mrSn~0NS O~ ~0CK B L O C ~ ~ MEASmm MENTS ON ROCK FACES (IN G ~ N ) Beyer, F; Rolofs, F Rock Msch, VI~, N2, Aug 1981, PI05-I13
BY MEANS OF INTEGRAL GEOMETRY (~N
CF R~ATIVE DENSITY IN SOME DUNE AND BEACH SANDS Denekamp, S A; Tsur-Lavie, Y Engmg Oeol, V17, N3, Oct 1981, P159-173 Describes a new methed to measure relative density in nstm~l a M deposits, which also allows determi~tion of the porosity. Samples havened in the field were taken from 2 coastal sard dunes near Haifa. Two types of deposit were ;resent: accretion and slip deposits. Results showed low porosities add high relative densities far a c c r e t i o n d e p o s i t s , a~d much h i g h e r l~rosities ax~ much lower relative densities fc~ slip deposits.
82202~ RELATIONSHIP BEiWEEN FRACFURE SPACING AND BED • THICKNESS Ladeira, F L; Price, N J J St~uct Geol, V3, N2, 1981, P179-183 Repurts a l~ogramme of measurements in beds exceedi~ l.Sm in thickness in the Carboniferous turbidites of the AlenteJo area (Purtugal)1 the CarbonLferous f~Vsch of Devon amd Ccr~rll (UK) a~d the Jurassic 11mestones of Figuelra da Foz (Portugal). Empirical relstionahips between f r a c t u r e s p a c i ~ ar d bed t h i c k n e s s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d . The Influe~e of the thicknsss of adjacent Incompetent layers a~i also the lltholcgy of %he competent beds on fracture specl~ are Indicated, an~ possible mee1~aniama leading to the development af these relationships are briefly discussed.
822028 REEXAMINATION CF THE VALUES USED AS CONSTANTS IN CAIEULATING ROCK DENSITY FROM BOR~CEE GRAVITY DATA. 3HC~T NOTE Robblnst S L Geophysics, ~ , N~2, Feb 1981, P208-210 Discusses the values of the constants F, the free-air gradient, a M k, the Newtonian gravitational constant, a M the effect on ~eviously l~blished density data.
v a l u e s of less than 80 per cent are f ~ e r characterised by measuring their ~lastlci~y iMex. The shale r a t i ~ can then be derived from from t h e s e t e s t results. Tentative c c ~ a t i o ~ a r e ~ o p o s e d t o l i n k t h e ratiDgs with s h a l e performance on e~6inee~iD~ l~o~ects: excavation methods, fou~datlon ~operties, embankment construction a~d slope stabill%y.
I n t h i s model r o c k b l o c k s a r e Eegarded as having s l ~ e r i c a l shape sift t h e y e r e d e s c r i b e d by a d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d i a m e t e r s o f s p h e r e s . The measured quantities are t h e lengths of chords which are recorded a l c ~ meas~rlng lines across rock faces. The volume fractions of the size classes of rock blocks are d e r i v e d from the distribution of chard leD@the. Three metheds are discussed for obtai~i~ the sphere diameter distribution from counts of chord r a i l e r s on sections. An example is given fur the size distributlon of r o c k blocks in a weathering ~ r o f i l e of an Upper Devonian siltstone. Auth.
822019 S 0 1 L - M S I ~ PROPERTIES C~ St~GRAZ~ SOILS Janseen~ D J; Dempsey, B J Transp Res Rec, N7~0, 1981, P61-67 Sell moist~e a ~ metric potential are discussed. The soil-moisture charac~.rist~c curve is explained, a~i typical curves for a variety of soils: a serd, a silt, a ~ a clay are c~mpared. The curves can be used: (i) to predict the equilibrium moisture content of the soil, (2) %o identify soils auscel~Ible to large c h a ~ e s in moisture content, (3) to ~edict unsaturated h~Sraulic coMuctivi~v - ~ (~) t o ~evi~e information for the evaluation of soil and mateTial s~e~gth. The resilient modulus of s~b~rade soils may also be estlmate~ u s i ~ these
822023 DkT~MINATION OF SOME IMP(BTA~T GEOTECHNICAL JOINT
~ao~ em~a~)
Beyer~ F; Rolofs~ F Rock Mech~ VI~, NI, May 1961, I~3-~6 Simple equations, derived from integral g e c ~ , ere ~ e s m ~ e d which are useful in eval~ting properties of Joints, eg the length of inters e c t e d Joints, the Joint area, the Joint opening, the Joint vol~e, a M %he length of the edges of rock blocks defined by the Joints. These equations are ccml~red with ~evlously derived equations. Methods of measurement used to r e c c ~ the features needed to eval~te the Joint ~roperf~es a r e d e s c r i b e d . The equations a r e t h e n t e s t e d on a w e a t h e r i n g I ~ o f l l e f c~ an Upper Devonian siltstone.
c%12~es.
822020 DESIGN PRGBLEMS FCR U~DERGRCUND ~ WASTE DISPOSAL IN BASALT Schmldt, B Proc ~th Ral~d Excavation and Tunnelimg Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V2, P1229-1250. Publ New Ycrk: AIME, 1981
82202~ Discusses the considerations involved in ensuring the isolation of ~u~lear waste in under~rou~i repositories. Describes the Nuclear Waste Repositu~y in Basalt (NWR~) which i s used %o investigate these cOnslde~ations. The thermal and mechanical l~Operties of the basalt are investigated to predict the I o ~ term behaviour of the rock. These include det~rminstion of unconfined COmlm~essive s ~ r e n g ~ a ~ Y o g a M o d u l ~ a~i thermal coM~ctivity. Lab data is then used for ccml~terised mc~ellir~. 822021 T ~ C A L B~HAVIOR CF ~ . T . R r ~ DISPOSAL ROOMS FGR WASTE RETRIEVAL CONSIDERATIONS IN A SALT D~4E REPOSITORY Ratigan, J L; Wagner, R A; Gmirk, P F Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and ~ I n g Conf~ence, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V2, P1288-1306. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Describes the t h e r m c ~ c a l analyses carried out for the Avery Isla~ dome salt mine, Louisiana, USA. This was to determine the transient temperature rise and de~ree of therm~echa~cal consolidation that occurs in the backfill as a function of d r i l l h o l e depth, t o e v a l u a t e c l o s u r e due t o s a l t creep of unlined emplacement drlllholes~ s ~ to determine the l~essure on steel sleeve linm~s if • " s e d . T h e r n ~ L l a n d thermovlscoelastlc modelling l~rocedt~ces were used with finite element methods t o do t h i s .
Texture, structure, composition and den~ty 822022 s~z~ D~S%mrSn~0NS O~ ~0CK B L O C ~ ~ MEASmm MENTS ON ROCK FACES (IN G ~ N ) Beyer, F; Rolofs, F Rock Msch, VI~, N2, Aug 1981, PI05-I13
BY MEANS OF INTEGRAL GEOMETRY (~N
CF R~ATIVE DENSITY IN SOME DUNE AND BEACH SANDS Denekamp, S A; Tsur-Lavie, Y Engmg Oeol, V17, N3, Oct 1981, P159-173 Describes a new methed to measure relative density in nstm~l a M deposits, which also allows determi~tion of the porosity. Samples havened in the field were taken from 2 coastal sard dunes near Haifa. Two types of deposit were ;resent: accretion and slip deposits. Results showed low porosities add high relative densities far a c c r e t i o n d e p o s i t s , a~d much h i g h e r l~rosities ax~ much lower relative densities fc~ slip deposits.
82202~ RELATIONSHIP BEiWEEN FRACFURE SPACING AND BED • THICKNESS Ladeira, F L; Price, N J J St~uct Geol, V3, N2, 1981, P179-183 Repurts a l~ogramme of measurements in beds exceedi~ l.Sm in thickness in the Carboniferous turbidites of the AlenteJo area (Purtugal)1 the CarbonLferous f~Vsch of Devon amd Ccr~rll (UK) a~d the Jurassic 11mestones of Figuelra da Foz (Portugal). Empirical relstionahips between f r a c t u r e s p a c i ~ ar d bed t h i c k n e s s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d . The Influe~e of the thicknsss of adjacent Incompetent layers a~i also the lltholcgy of %he competent beds on fracture specl~ are Indicated, an~ possible mee1~aniama leading to the development af these relationships are briefly discussed.
822028 REEXAMINATION CF THE VALUES USED AS CONSTANTS IN CAIEULATING ROCK DENSITY FROM BOR~CEE GRAVITY DATA. 3HC~T NOTE Robblnst S L Geophysics, ~ , N~2, Feb 1981, P208-210 Discusses the values of the constants F, the free-air gradient, a M k, the Newtonian gravitational constant, a M the effect on ~eviously l~blished density data.