Relationship between solar constant and upper tropospheric temperature variations

Adv. SpaceRes. Vol.

6. Noi 1{~,pp. 83-87, 1986 Printed in Great Britain. All righls reserved.

0273-1177/86 $[}.[~} + 15{) Copyright @ C O S P A R

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLAR CONSTANT AND UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS Zs. I. Pint6r Department of Astronomy, E6tv6s University H-1083, Budapest, Kun B~la t?r 2, Hungary

ABSTRACT The relationship solar constant

between

the upper tropospheric

variability

was examined

stant data and balloon data measured first examination

1980,

variation

and

at different

heights

in Budapest.

The

was performed with the help of the refined form of super-

posed epoch method. variations

temperature

on the basis of SMM/ACRIM solar con-

According

to the preliminary

of short timescales

that is why vaster statistical

made with self developed

results the solar constant

can be traced in the upper troposphere

programs

during

study is going on. All statistics

on the University's

are

OS/VS System.

INTRODUCTION The physical

condition

of the terrestrial

atmosphere

is determined

first line by the energy emitted by the Sun, which influences cal processes

too.

ferent timescales

Consequently

variations

and wavelengths

in the

the atmospheri-

of the solar energy flux on dif-

can modify the condition

of the atmosphere.

One of the most direct effects can be supposed between the solar activity the temperature solar activity have

of different parameters

atmospheric

already been investigated

istical methods onstratable

using various

connections

layers.

and the temperature

Relationships

of different

by more researchers

indicators

between

atmospheric

the layers

(2,3) with different

of the solar activity,

and

stat-

and some dem-

were found.

OBSERVATIONS

From the beginning hio h accuracy, mit measurement

of 1980 it is possible

results

of this satellite

from the 16 February

the short variations

tenths of a percent were detected magnitude

to obtain solar constant

for the Solar Haximum Mission

of few hundredth

1980.

Evaluating

of solar constant

the data series

of order of few

component

of three layers of upper troposphere 83

trend of a

(4). This paper

short timescale

values of

began to trans-

well as a slow decreasing

of a percent per year

the effects of the above mentioned on the temperature

as

(SHH) satellite

investigates

of the variation

during

1980.

These

84

Zs. I. Pint6r

short

variations

atmosphere,

o~ the solar constant,

can be probably

Earth's

surface,

because

rapidly

i.e. with

better

these

smaller

:

~'

•

."

"~

~I.._

--

."

:.

more distant

to the outer

influences

..

.

"

~

"

:I':

"

. . . . . . . . . . . TIME {DRYS) ~IIE+2

T20 ~LrVIRTIEN

•~

I

#...

in the layers

response

°

• :1

FI,04

traced

give

detectable

inertia.

,] m_~l

i~ they are really

",* ~

.

~. °

:..T,

÷

TIME (DAfS] ~1£~2

-

7= +

*•+

÷÷

%

,e

°

÷

• TIME {OlaYS) EIE+2

FI.02

TSO DEVIATIgN

Z|.

I

TIME IOBYS) ,IE+2 FI.O|

FiB.

I. FI.Ol

~

shows

by the SMM/ACRIM variations

nEVIRl"[gN

the percentage

radiometer

of t e m p e r a t u r e

can be seen.

(T5O-SO

mbar,

variation

in 1980.

records

of irradiance

On Fl.O2-Fl.O4

at three different

T30-30 mbar,

T2O-2O mbar)

measured

the p e r c e n t a g e height

levels

in the ~rom more

the

Solar Constant and Tropospheric Temperature

For this investigation radiometer

published

1980 ll irradiance period

decreases

the accuracy

can be regarded deviation perature

of the radiometer

of solar constant

different

Physics

height

other parts of Figure changes

by comparison covered

(1368.24

energy,

Meteorological

Service.

are as follows: During

with graphical

levels

data.

it would be necessary too (e.g.

The three

50 mbar,

no valu-

variations averaging.

The of the

layers

can be dis-

to derive un-

from the variations

effect

influencing

The sea-

Though

but the majority degree

it is impossible

to take into account

values

interpolation.)

the investigated

winds)

30 mbar,

levels will be de-

in various

of different

perturbations

disturbances,

tion of these temperature

Naturally

besides

Institute

in the same time interval.

decreases

fluctuations

because

The tem-

19BO the daily

they de not match in details,

and indirect

Wm-2).

of the Central

show the percentage

solar constant

the temperature

other direct

processes

shows the percentage

have been taken into account with seasonal of the diagrams

During

In this

(Only in very few cases occurred

to be replaced

among the temperature

Moreover

1 (FI.OI)

to the above mentioned

at the three different

of the incident merous

Figure

T20, respectively).

1 (FI.O2-F1.04)

of the above mentioned ambigously

by this instrument.

about their mean

at noon were chosen.

by SMM/ACRIM

was so high that all of these decreases

of the Hungarian

needed

provided

485 and 489 (1985).

from balloon measurements

(data series corresponding

temperatures

Report

levels of the measurements

able measurements

sonal

(4).

values

noted further with TSO, T30, of the launch

data were

have been detected

as a real signal

data were obtained

for Atmospheric 20 mbar

the solar constant

in SGD Comprehensive

85

there

are nu-

the atmosphere.

a lot of meteorological

as well as the geographical

limita-

data series.

RESULTS FROM THE SUPERPDSED EPOCH METHOD The existence

of any detectable

posed epoch method

(further

time of the maximal columns

was carried

the keydays

(1) are plotted resultant

on Figure

of the temperatures

corresponding

the minimum

time of the temperature

level

of 30 mbar

this relationship connection

(measured

height

corresponds

More investigations

ferently

in summer

(3).

show the resultant noticed

curves

above at 20 mbar

also can be revealed (30 mbar) plots

a small

relates

of winter

of the results

showed

of the middle

dif-

into column

and of the same character,

The temperature

relationship

show that the

too, behave

As it can be seen the relationship

dip can be suspected.

the summer epochs.

significance

epochs.

The plots

at the level of 30 mbar.

time shifted

At the

So the epochs were divided

is mere conspicuous

firmly

as if the above mentioned The

periods

the above consideration.

On the

while as at the lowest

so doesthe temperature

and winter

levels.

the keyday.

parameters of the atmosphere, according

by SMM/

at the level of 20 mbar,

physical

two groups

19

above it the resultant

is only suspectable

can be seen.

by the

using

2, on the left side column

the different

relationship

where

level no detectable

The results

decreases

curve can be seen,

basis of the plots one can discover

out with the super-

have been appointed

of the solar constant.

At the bottom of ll solar constant

ACRIM in 1980) derived curves

SEM),

decreases

in the method

of diagrams.

relationship

At the lowest

and

level

The right side column

curves

of

sho~v noise character,

disappeared. by the plots of Figure

2 can be tea-

86

Zs. I. Pintdr

_I"

÷

÷ m.t

o~Y~ ~

~

MINIMUM

DRYS F R ~ SMM MINIMUM F'2.0S T~O VINTIm E/mSO4S

DRYS FRGM SMM MINIMUM F2.12 T~n ~

I

_I-

~"

I

~_I.

-.IDRYS FROM ~ MINIMUM F"2.O~ T~O RLL B'~tN~

DAYS FR@M 5MM MINIMUM F2.11 T ~ ~ EPgCMS

DRYS ~ SMM MINIMUM F2J TM ~ VlNY'B~

If. Nil.

,,~Ys

F2.02 ~

~R~ Ms ~ M,NIMUM FILL E ~

,,*

r

!,t

ORY5 FRBM SMM MINIMUM ~o 10 'r~ SUMRER E ~ N S

ORYS FRBM SMM MINIMUM

If.

9

9

ma

m~

~J

~.~-Mmm .L~m ~ =.n 1.411 ORYS FRgM SP~ MINIMUM

~Y5 FRBM SMM MINIMUM F2.@I ~ RLL FP@~H~

Fig.

2. The results of superposed

are presented middle plots

on the figure. (F2.05-F2.08)

summer epochs. September

(F2.01-F2.04)

Summer period is defined between

B April

(F2.09-F2.12) 1980 and 23

analysis of the row samples

in all of the plotcolumns

from the top to the bottom T20, T]O,

soned with the method proposed by Ambroz

(I).

The persistence

as an average behaviour.

by the linear correlation

are as

TSO, SMM flux.

can be regarded be measured

show all epochs,

winter epochs and right plots

parameters

MINIMUM

epochs analysis using 19 columns

Left plots

1980 on the basis of correlation

in SEM.The presented follows:

DRY5 FReM ~

I='2.0@ .gWMM~flqL~ L~O'~

Thus the resulted

coefficient

plots of SEM

in the samples will

R i between

an individual

Solar Constant and Tropospheric Temperature sample belonging

to a

cance of the resultant probability

(i.e.

given

epoch and the resultant

curve can be characterized

frequency

of occurrence

given by the ratio of number of sampies epochs analysed.

Rc, the critical

If the empirical

probabiiity

to be confirmed.

of statistical

correlation

to determine in which

with two different

numbers of coiumns

Table

the largest

I. Values of empiricai

columns

empirical

which

by the

as significant.

than 0.5 the relationship

upon the number of columns

time interval

values of col-

in the neighbour-

EP vaiue is achieved.

Values

used in SEM can be seen in Table

probability

is

number of

is determined

of SEM with different

the optimum

hood ol the keyday

resuits)

coefficient,

EP) is greater

application

So the signifi-

mo-ca~ed

can be considered

For EP may differ depending

used in SEM, by the repeated umns it is possible

(further

curve.

with the

for which R ~ R c to the total

lower range of that R i for which the samples turns

87

(EP) with two different

of EP I.

numbers

of

used in SEM

Epochs

Parameter

EP(19 columns)

EP(11 columns)

ALL

T50 T30 T20 SMM f l u x

0.5 0.6 0.6 1

0.67 0.67 O.B 1

WINTER

TSO T30 T20 SMM f l u x

0.8 O.? D.B 1

0.83 0.9 0.9 1

SUMMER

T5O T30 T20 SMM f l u x

0.6 0.8 0.8 1

0.9 i 0.8 0.83

CONCLUSIONS According between

to the results

the temperature

30 mbar)

and the

preliminary

described variations

variations

character,

Institute making

Though

Physics

the temperature

has been found layers

these results

of short timescale

the heat transfer

(20 mbar, are of

can contribute

in the atmosphere.

The author would like to express

for Atmospheric

available

of two upper tropospheric

of solar constant.

such investigations

usefully to the understanding Acknowledgements.

in this paper relationship

of the Hungarian

his gratitude

to the Central

Meteorological

Service for

data as well as to Dr. Judit Pap for her use-

ful comments.

REFERENCES I.

P.Ambroz, S t a t i s t i c a l method of superposition of I n s t i t u t e of Czechoslovakia, 30, 114 (1979)

epochs, B u l l . of Astron.

2. R.G.Currie, Solar cycle signal in surface air temperature, Journal of Geophysical Research, 79, 5657 (1974) 3. H.Schwentek and W.Elling, Increase in the response of the Earth's atmosphere to the sunspot cycle with height above sea level, Solar Physics , 74, 355 (1981) 4. R.C.Willson, Measurements of solar total irradiance and its variability, Space Science Reviews, 38,203 (1984)