- Email: [email protected]
RELATIONSHIP OF LEPTIN AND GHRELIN HORMONES WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
micronutrients evaluated, 19 were below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The following 11 nutrients were provided at less than 50% of the DRIs: Thiamin, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium and Zinc. A selection of less nutritionally dense foods would have resulted in even lower intakes of these nutrients. The ketogenic diet provides sub-optimal levels of many micronutrients required by children. Supplementation of the ketogenic diet with appropriate low carbohydrate vitamins and minerals is recommended.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS: CLINICAL CARE AND ASSESSMENT TITLE: RELATIONSHIP OF LEPTIN AND GHRELIN HORMONES WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AUTHOR(S): V. Monti BS1; Y. Xi PhD2; T.D. Adams PhD, MPH2; S.C. Hunt, PhD2; J.J. Carlson PhD, RD1; The University of Utah, 1Division of Foods and Nutrition; 2Cardiovascular Genetics LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate the relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a large random sample of adult men and women classified from underweight to morbidly obese based on BMI criteria. TEXT: Leptin and ghrelin are peptide hormones involved in the regulation of appetite, and are associated with body composition. Limited research has evaluated the relationship of these hormones with WC, and BMI across the BMI classification spectrum from underweight to morbidly obese. Two hundred and forty subjects were randomly selected from a database of over 600,000 adults, 19-75 years of age who previously participated in a study conducted by Cardiovascular Genetics at The University of Utah. Outcome measures included height, weight, WC and blood samples. Blood samples were thawed and leptin and ghrelin levels were analyzed. Leptin levels were directly associated with both BMI and WC (p=0.001), whereas active and total ghrelin were inversely associated with BMI (p= 0.02, p=0.001) and WC (p=0.01, p=0.001). “Normal weight” individuals (BMI<24) had higher active and total ghrelin levels than all other BMI categories (p<0.05). “Overweight” individuals (BMI=25-29.9) had higher total ghrelin levels than morbidly obese individuals (BMI>40). Leptin levels increased within BMI categories (p<0.05), however there were no significant differences in leptin levels between “obese” (BMI=30-34.9 and 35-39.9) and “morbidly obese” individuals (BMI>40). After controlling for BMI and WC, leptin did not correlate with either active or total ghrelin, and there was a weak correlation between active and total ghrelin (r=0.25, p=0.001). Leptin, active ghrelin and total ghrelin are associated with BMI and WC and the levels vary by classification level. These data provide useful insight for research evaluating the regulation of these hormones, and for treatments involving appetite regulation of both underweight and obese individuals. TITLE: MEASURING OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC OBESITY RESEARCH: TO BMI OR NOT TO BMI? AUTHOR(S): B.J. Scott, MPH, RD; S.T. St.Jeor, PhD, RD; University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate the utility of Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI percentile as http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (9 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]
micronutrients evaluated, 19 were below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The following 11 nutrients were provided at less than 50% of the DRIs: Thiamin, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium and Zinc. A selection of less nutritionally dense foods would have resulted in even lower intakes of these nutrients. The ketogenic diet provides sub-optimal levels of many micronutrients required by children. Supplementation of the ketogenic diet with appropriate low carbohydrate vitamins and minerals is recommended.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS: CLINICAL CARE AND ASSESSMENT TITLE: RELATIONSHIP OF LEPTIN AND GHRELIN HORMONES WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AUTHOR(S): V. Monti BS1; Y. Xi PhD2; T.D. Adams PhD, MPH2; S.C. Hunt, PhD2; J.J. Carlson PhD, RD1; The University of Utah, 1Division of Foods and Nutrition; 2Cardiovascular Genetics LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate the relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a large random sample of adult men and women classified from underweight to morbidly obese based on BMI criteria. TEXT: Leptin and ghrelin are peptide hormones involved in the regulation of appetite, and are associated with body composition. Limited research has evaluated the relationship of these hormones with WC, and BMI across the BMI classification spectrum from underweight to morbidly obese. Two hundred and forty subjects were randomly selected from a database of over 600,000 adults, 19-75 years of age who previously participated in a study conducted by Cardiovascular Genetics at The University of Utah. Outcome measures included height, weight, WC and blood samples. Blood samples were thawed and leptin and ghrelin levels were analyzed. Leptin levels were directly associated with both BMI and WC (p=0.001), whereas active and total ghrelin were inversely associated with BMI (p= 0.02, p=0.001) and WC (p=0.01, p=0.001). “Normal weight” individuals (BMI<24) had higher active and total ghrelin levels than all other BMI categories (p<0.05). “Overweight” individuals (BMI=25-29.9) had higher total ghrelin levels than morbidly obese individuals (BMI>40). Leptin levels increased within BMI categories (p<0.05), however there were no significant differences in leptin levels between “obese” (BMI=30-34.9 and 35-39.9) and “morbidly obese” individuals (BMI>40). After controlling for BMI and WC, leptin did not correlate with either active or total ghrelin, and there was a weak correlation between active and total ghrelin (r=0.25, p=0.001). Leptin, active ghrelin and total ghrelin are associated with BMI and WC and the levels vary by classification level. These data provide useful insight for research evaluating the regulation of these hormones, and for treatments involving appetite regulation of both underweight and obese individuals. TITLE: MEASURING OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC OBESITY RESEARCH: TO BMI OR NOT TO BMI? AUTHOR(S): B.J. Scott, MPH, RD; S.T. St.Jeor, PhD, RD; University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV LEARNING OUTCOME: To evaluate the utility of Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI percentile as http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (9 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]