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Relationships between the Dark Triad and PTSD symptoms
Abstracts
How values of Stimulation and Hedonism provide contrasting paths from Sensation Seeking to risk-taking behavior based on risk sensitivity V.S. Athota, P.J. O’Connor, R.D. Roberts The present experimental study (n = 195) examined how manipulating exposure to rewards and punishments affects the relationship between approach personality traits, values, and risk-taking behavior. Multi-group analysis was used to investigate the influence of presenting rewards prior to punishments (Group 1) and presenting punishments prior to rewards (Group 2) on risk-taking behavior, in people with different personality traits and values. Specifically, we assessed wither the relationships between traits, values, and risk-taking behaviour was dependent on the order at which participants were presented with rewards and punishments. The online laboratory study revealed that the value ‘Stimulation’ was positively associated with risk-taking behavior during the ‘reward then punishment’ condition and that the value ‘Hedonism’ was positively associated with risk-taking behavior during the ‘punishment then reward’ condition. The results also demonstrated that approach personality dimensions significantly predict values of Hedonism and Stimulation in both conditions. The results suggest that values of Hedonism and Stimulation predict risktaking behaviour differentially depending on the order at which punishments and rewards are presented. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.077
465
was a significant (negative) predictor of the two non-prosocial subscales but did not significantly predict prosocial subscale scores, providing evidence for the role of low H-H in behaviours related to the ‘dark side’ of EI. Two sets of regression models using the four TEIQue factors and the 15 TEIQue facets showed an interesting and theoretically-interpretable pattern of relationships, e.g. the TEIQue emotionality factor was a significant predictor of all four of the MEOS emotion management factors and the sociability factor of three of these. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.079
Relationships between the Dark Triad and PTSD symptoms N. Azizli, P.A. Vernon The current investigation sought to assess whether the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) contribute significantly to the prediction of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a subset of people, who have been exposed to a traumatic event. Self-report scores were obtained via the Short-D3 which assessed the Dark Triad traits, the LEC-5 which measured if and what kind of trauma individuals had been exposed to, and the PCL-5 which measured PTSD symptoms. The research was conducted with 310 adult participants living in Canada who voluntarily chose to participate in the study. Significant zero-order and multiple correlations were found which supported our predictions. Implications will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.080
How Do Emotional Restrictions Affect the Use of Humor? A Behavior Genetic Analysis of Alexithymia and Humor Styles B.E. Atkinson, D. Lipton, H.M. Baughman, J.A. Schermer, J. Harris, P.A. Vernon This presentation reports the first behavioral genetic study of relationships between alexithymia and four styles of humor: affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, and aggressive. A total of 509 MZ pairs and 264 DZ pairs of twins completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Consistent with our predictions, alexithymia correlated negatively with affiliative and selfenhancing humor and positively with self-defeating and aggressive humor. All but one of the 16 phenotypic correlations that we report are significant at the .01 level. Also consistent with our predictions the phenotypic correlations between alexithymia and humor styles were primarily attributable to correlated genetic factors and to a lesser extent to correlated non-shared environmental factors. Correlated shared environmental factors had no significant effect. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.078
Relationships of the Managing Emotions in Others Scale (MEOS) with HEXACO personality and with trait EI factors and facets E. Austin, N. Vahle The MEOS assesses the prosocial (Enhance, Divert subscales) and non-prosocial (Worsen, Inauthentic subscales) aspects of interpersonal emotion management. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of the MEOS with HEXACO model personality traits and with the factors and facets of a broad bandwidth trait emotional intelligence (EI) measure. Participants (N = 329) completed an online survey containing the MEOS, HEXACO-60 and the full-length TEIQue. Regression modelling showed that HEXACO Honesty-Humility (HH)
Prefrontal brain activation in inhibited versus disinhibited subjects in response to viewing pictures with different emotional valence F. Balada, A. Aluja, A. Blanch, O. García, L.F. García, E. Blanco This study investigated the prefrontal processing underlying the cognitive control of emotions induced by pictures with different emotional load in subjects classified into high/low inhibitiondisinhibition values. Previous studies have suggested that left and right sides of Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) are engaged in different ways of emotional control processes. The frontal hemodynamic response that occurred in the prefrontal region was measured in a quiet room using a 16-channel functional near-infrared system (fNIR100A, BIOPAC Systems, Inc., USA). Twenty slides were selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), 10 pleasant and 10 unpleasant. Subjects were 25 females (mean 20.00±1.82 years). There was a difference in the oxygenation scores for pleasant and unpleasant conditions at voxel 1 (F(1,11)=16.24, p=0.002), voxel 2 (F(1,9)=37.99, pb0.001), voxel 3 (F(1,8)=13,07, p=0.007) and voxel 4 (F(1,9) = 19.50, p = 0.002), in the right hemisphere in subjects with higher inhibition values. There was also significant differences in these subjects in the left hemisphere at voxel 15 (F(1,11)=5.61, p=0.04) and at voxel 16 (F(1,9)=12.71, p=0.006). Pleasant pictures related with an increased oxygenation level, whereas unpleasant pictures related with a decreased oxygenation level. Females with higher disinhibition values only showed differences in voxel 2 (F(1,11)=6,07, p=0.03) in the right hemisphere. Our study is in accordance with previous fNIRs studies showing prefrontal activation during emotional processing, but indicated differential prefrontal activation for emotional stimuli in function of inhibited-disinhibited personality. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.081
How values of Stimulation and Hedonism provide contrasting paths from Sensation Seeking to risk-taking behavior based on risk sensitivity V.S. Athota, P.J. O’Connor, R.D. Roberts The present experimental study (n = 195) examined how manipulating exposure to rewards and punishments affects the relationship between approach personality traits, values, and risk-taking behavior. Multi-group analysis was used to investigate the influence of presenting rewards prior to punishments (Group 1) and presenting punishments prior to rewards (Group 2) on risk-taking behavior, in people with different personality traits and values. Specifically, we assessed wither the relationships between traits, values, and risk-taking behaviour was dependent on the order at which participants were presented with rewards and punishments. The online laboratory study revealed that the value ‘Stimulation’ was positively associated with risk-taking behavior during the ‘reward then punishment’ condition and that the value ‘Hedonism’ was positively associated with risk-taking behavior during the ‘punishment then reward’ condition. The results also demonstrated that approach personality dimensions significantly predict values of Hedonism and Stimulation in both conditions. The results suggest that values of Hedonism and Stimulation predict risktaking behaviour differentially depending on the order at which punishments and rewards are presented. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.077
465
was a significant (negative) predictor of the two non-prosocial subscales but did not significantly predict prosocial subscale scores, providing evidence for the role of low H-H in behaviours related to the ‘dark side’ of EI. Two sets of regression models using the four TEIQue factors and the 15 TEIQue facets showed an interesting and theoretically-interpretable pattern of relationships, e.g. the TEIQue emotionality factor was a significant predictor of all four of the MEOS emotion management factors and the sociability factor of three of these. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.079
Relationships between the Dark Triad and PTSD symptoms N. Azizli, P.A. Vernon The current investigation sought to assess whether the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) contribute significantly to the prediction of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a subset of people, who have been exposed to a traumatic event. Self-report scores were obtained via the Short-D3 which assessed the Dark Triad traits, the LEC-5 which measured if and what kind of trauma individuals had been exposed to, and the PCL-5 which measured PTSD symptoms. The research was conducted with 310 adult participants living in Canada who voluntarily chose to participate in the study. Significant zero-order and multiple correlations were found which supported our predictions. Implications will be discussed. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.080
How Do Emotional Restrictions Affect the Use of Humor? A Behavior Genetic Analysis of Alexithymia and Humor Styles B.E. Atkinson, D. Lipton, H.M. Baughman, J.A. Schermer, J. Harris, P.A. Vernon This presentation reports the first behavioral genetic study of relationships between alexithymia and four styles of humor: affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, and aggressive. A total of 509 MZ pairs and 264 DZ pairs of twins completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Consistent with our predictions, alexithymia correlated negatively with affiliative and selfenhancing humor and positively with self-defeating and aggressive humor. All but one of the 16 phenotypic correlations that we report are significant at the .01 level. Also consistent with our predictions the phenotypic correlations between alexithymia and humor styles were primarily attributable to correlated genetic factors and to a lesser extent to correlated non-shared environmental factors. Correlated shared environmental factors had no significant effect. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.078
Relationships of the Managing Emotions in Others Scale (MEOS) with HEXACO personality and with trait EI factors and facets E. Austin, N. Vahle The MEOS assesses the prosocial (Enhance, Divert subscales) and non-prosocial (Worsen, Inauthentic subscales) aspects of interpersonal emotion management. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of the MEOS with HEXACO model personality traits and with the factors and facets of a broad bandwidth trait emotional intelligence (EI) measure. Participants (N = 329) completed an online survey containing the MEOS, HEXACO-60 and the full-length TEIQue. Regression modelling showed that HEXACO Honesty-Humility (HH)
Prefrontal brain activation in inhibited versus disinhibited subjects in response to viewing pictures with different emotional valence F. Balada, A. Aluja, A. Blanch, O. García, L.F. García, E. Blanco This study investigated the prefrontal processing underlying the cognitive control of emotions induced by pictures with different emotional load in subjects classified into high/low inhibitiondisinhibition values. Previous studies have suggested that left and right sides of Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) are engaged in different ways of emotional control processes. The frontal hemodynamic response that occurred in the prefrontal region was measured in a quiet room using a 16-channel functional near-infrared system (fNIR100A, BIOPAC Systems, Inc., USA). Twenty slides were selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), 10 pleasant and 10 unpleasant. Subjects were 25 females (mean 20.00±1.82 years). There was a difference in the oxygenation scores for pleasant and unpleasant conditions at voxel 1 (F(1,11)=16.24, p=0.002), voxel 2 (F(1,9)=37.99, pb0.001), voxel 3 (F(1,8)=13,07, p=0.007) and voxel 4 (F(1,9) = 19.50, p = 0.002), in the right hemisphere in subjects with higher inhibition values. There was also significant differences in these subjects in the left hemisphere at voxel 15 (F(1,11)=5.61, p=0.04) and at voxel 16 (F(1,9)=12.71, p=0.006). Pleasant pictures related with an increased oxygenation level, whereas unpleasant pictures related with a decreased oxygenation level. Females with higher disinhibition values only showed differences in voxel 2 (F(1,11)=6,07, p=0.03) in the right hemisphere. Our study is in accordance with previous fNIRs studies showing prefrontal activation during emotional processing, but indicated differential prefrontal activation for emotional stimuli in function of inhibited-disinhibited personality. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.081