Relevance of population differences to human factors

latter. In particular the role of overview Decision Making and Manual Control, displays, like predictive displays, is 2 - 4 June, 1982, University of Bonn, discussed. In designing MMIf it is Poppelsdorfer Schloss. Forsehungsimportant to know how the MMIf institut fiir Anthropotechnik (FGAN/ might influence the human supervisory FAT), Wachtberg-Werthhoven, Federal control behaviour; this purpose can be Republic of Germany, 1982, pp 319 achieved by modelling human behaviour. 332. Assuming that only well-trained The efficiency of test selection in supervisors are considered, it can be fault finding with a hierarchically paged agreed that the human supervisor display is superior to that with a performs his tasks on the basis of an scrolling display although this internal representation of the tasks to difference disappears with more able be performed, of the system to be subjects. An unexpected finding is that supervised, and of the statistical both displays seem to facilitate more propertie s of the system disturbances. consistent performance than that This internal representation can be obtained when the operator's view of modelled by an internal model, on the the system is unrestricted. The effect basis of which a decision making of restricting system information by a element can generate possible control 'window', as both types of display do, action. is discussed in terms of strategies operators may adopt in consequence, 15,1.12 (84938) in particular strategies to cope with Sutton, R., and Towill, D.R. memory load. A model of the crane operator as a manmachine element. In: Proceedings of 15.1.14 (84953) the Second European Annual Hicks, K.I., and Keller, A. Conference on Human Decision Making Editing with contextual and screenand Manual Control, 2 - 4 June, 1982, oriented cursors. In: Proceedings of University of Bonn, Poppelsdorfer the Human Factors Society 26th Annual Schloss, Forschungsinstitut fflr Meeting, Seattle, Washington, 2 5 - 2 9 Anthropotechnik (FGAN/FAT), October 1982, Edited by Richard E. Wachtberg-Werthhoven, Federal Edwards, 1982, pp 703-707. Republic of Germany, 1982, pp 25-42. This paper describes a study which A hierarchical computer simulation was done during development of the model describing a crane operator is word processing application of the proposed and validated against System/23 Datamaster system to simulation results. The basic dement evaluate the use of contextual and of the model is a dual mode hierarchy screen-oriented cursor designs. Subjects that can operate a tandem as required. were required to add and replace This work is an extension of the characters in existing text and add approach adopted by Benjamin who characters to the ends of lines and developed a related hierarchical model pages. Results of this study indicate of a helicopter pilot. The hierarchy that the screen-oriented cursor design is determines the multi-loop closure a better interface for first-time users. priorities and control strategy All subjects using this design interface characteristics required to stabilise the performed faster, made fewer complete crane system. Although the assistance calls and committed fewer model is developed for a three degree errors. Further, the untrained of freedom situation, it is capable of subjects using the screen-oriented extension to more complex systems. cursor performed better than the An in-depth study of man-machine trained subjects who used the system theory was necessary to arrive contextual cursor. at the particular model chosen. The role and training of crane operators in UK industry was also reviewed. This 15.1.15 (84961) included experiments and mathematical Widdel, H., and Kraiss, K.F. modelling of the drive characteristics Factors influencing learning and of gantry cranes under industrial performance in a ship steering task. conditions. The performance of In: Proceedings of the Second several experienced crane operators was European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual also observed in situ. The model was Control, 2 - 4 June, 1982, University finally formulated via an interof Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss. disciplinary approach based on a Forschungsinstitut fiir Anthropotechnik combination of control engineering and (FGAN/FAT), Wachtberg-Werthhoven, industrial engineering techniques. Federal Republic of Germany, 1982, pp 57-65. 15.1.13 (84946) An experiment was executed to Duncan, K.D. investigate the influence of training, Display ergonomics and fault location. display design and cognitive variables In: Proceedings of the Second European Annual Conference on Human on steering performance in a submarine

68

Applied Ergonomics March 1984

simulator. Two groups of 16 subjects each had to steer the submarine from a fixed starting point to a command depth and heading. One group used a standard display while the other used an integrated predictor display configuration. Results show a distinct superiority of the group using the predictive display with respect to control performance. Furthermore, this group shows a rapid increase of control performance after only a few test runs. The third finding is that control with a predictor display does not require specific mental abilities while with the standard display high scores of the "space' factor correspond significantly with the steering performance scores and vice versa.

Factors affecting perceptual-motor performance 15.1.16 (84963) Physical and psychological stress at work. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. The Foundation, Dublin, 1982; abstr in: Department of Employment, Work Research Unit. London, Information System Abstracts. This report provides a 'state of the art' study on research into physical and psychological stress at work. Physiology, anthropometry and biomechanics 14Um 15.1.17 (84999~

Smith, W. Relevance of population differences to human factors. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 26th Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, 25-29 October 1982, Edited by Richard E. Edwards, 1982, p 189. With the increasing size of the workforce, the importance of population differences becomes exceedingly important. This panel discusses research completed on this subject. [n particular, gender differences such as physiological and anthropometric considerations are discussed in relation to jobs and job performance. 15.1.18 (85001)

Pheasant, S.T. Anthropometric estimates for British Civilian adults. Ergonom ics. t 982, 25.11,993 1001. Anthropometric data concerning British civilian adults are incomplete with respect both to the samples of people investigated and the