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Reliability software design based on the goal-oriented method for nuclear power plant
6 Reliability software design based on the goal-oriented method for nuclear power plant Chapter Outline 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 123 6.2 Architecture design of integration software on the goal-oriented method ........................ 125 6.3 Function module design of integration software for the goal-oriented method ................ 125 6.3.1 Module design of reliability modeling by the goal-oriented method ......................... 125 6.3.2 Module design of reliability analysis by the goal-oriented method ............................ 126 6.3.3 Module design of reliability optimization allocation by the goal-oriented method ........................................................................................................................ 127 6.3.4 Module design of reliability assessment by the goal-oriented method....................... 128 6.4 Problems....................................................................................................................................... 129 References........................................................................................................................................... 129
6.1 Introduction Reliability modeling, reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment are the key to reliability technologies in design, and can contribute to improvement the cost-effectiveness of system reliability. The studies on such reliability technologies have received a great deal of attention from scholars, who have focused on solving the following two main problems: • Problem 1: In order to avoid the disconnection between the reliability design and function design, the reliability technology should map to the system structure, working principle, function constitute, and characteristics. Therefore how to map the reliability technology to the above-mentioned inherent properties is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. • Problem 2: Until now, the reliability technologies, such as reliability design, analysis, distribution, and evaluation, are separated and lack relevance, which leads to repetitive working items, lower worker productivity, and a serious waste of resources. Their effective combination will lead to good results, for example, the fewer cycles presented in Fig. 6 1, the more efficient the reliability working. Therefore how to combine organically different reliability technologies into a system is another difficult problem that needs to be solved.
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816185-2.00006-X © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
123
124
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Reliability objective
Argument
Determine reliability objective and design criteria
System reliability indexes
To allocate function
Comparing
System reliability analysis
Modifying
Function reliability analysis
To allocate design units
Technical condition
Reliability assessment
Unit reliability design
Design
System reliability modeling
FIGURE 6–1 Relation of reliability technologies in design.
Although there is a great deal of interest in the design of complex nuclear power plant systems for reliability, research into deigning these systems for both functional and structural reliability and life cycle cost is needed. Goal-oriented (GO) methodology is a graphic inductive method mapping the system structure, its function constitutes, its characteristics, and its working principles visually based on a decision tree. Because of the advantages of the GO method from aspects of its ease of modeling and its representational and analysis ability, it is able to solve the above problems by an integrated reliability technology composed by reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment on the basis of the GO model. It has gained a great deal of attention in recent years, and more and more engineering applications have proved its value [1]. The reliability software tools can efficiently link the theory and engineering, and make the application of theory easier. Until now, lots of funds is used to develop and update the software tools on GO method in the United States [2 10], Japan [11 14], and China [15,16], so that the quality and function of software tools can be improved efficiently. It is worth noting that Kaman Corporation applied a GO software tool to evaluate the availability and risk probability of the nuclear power plant TVA Sequoyah 1.1 MW. This verified that the GO method is able to model and analyze the whole nuclear power plant. Aimed at solving the above problems, an integration software tool of reliability technologies based on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems was developed and supported by National Key S&T Special Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, which integrated the reliability analysis technology by the GO method, reliability optimization allocation technology by the GO method, and reliability assessment technology by the GO method on the basis of reliability modeling by the GO method. GO software tools are of value in engineering applications.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
125
In this chapter, the design idea of using an integration software tool on reliability technologies based on the GO method, which are presented in Chapters 2 5 for complex nuclear power plant systems, is described in terms of software architecture and function modules.
6.2 Architecture design of integration software on the goal-oriented method The integration software for the GO method is able to conduct qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of system reliability based on the GO method for reliability modeling, and achieves reliability optimization allocation and reliability assessment based on it. The integration software for the GO method has four main functions, which are reliability modeling, reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment of nuclear power plant systems realized by four separate modules. Among these modules, the module of reliability modeling by the GO method is the foundation. The function of modules of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method and reliability assessment by the GO method can be realized on the basis of the module of reliability analysis by the GO method. The architecture of integration software on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems shows the main flow of each software module, and the relationships between different modules, as shown in Fig. 6 2.
6.3 Function module design of integration software for the goal-oriented method 6.3.1 Module design of reliability modeling by the goal-oriented method The GO model of complex nuclear power plant systems was developed using the signal flows to connect the GO operators. It can map the system structure, schematic diagrams, functional hierarchy, and characteristics directly. Thus the functions module of reliability modeling by the GO method includes: • Establishing the system structure model by connecting the symbols of system units; • Developing the GO model by using signal flows to connect the GO operators; • Adjusting models containing and identifying the number and name of elements of models in canvas, locating the position of models in canvas, zooming in or out of the models, and connecting the GO model and system structure model. The operation process of a module for reliability modeling by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 3.
126
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Establishing reliability constraint functions of system functions
Operating reliability optimization allocation
Establishing reliability constraint functions of unit and system
Establishing the objective function
Modules of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method
Establishing the system structure model
Developing the GO model
Modules of reliability modeling by the GO method
Conducting quantitative analysis
Conducting qualitative analysis
Modules of reliability analysis by the GO method
Determining data of the testing unit
Evaluating the system reliability index
Modules of reliability assessment by the GO method FIGURE 6–2 Architecture of integration software for the goal-oriented (GO) method for nuclear power plant systems.
6.3.2 Module design of reliability analysis by the goal-oriented method Reliability analysis by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is conducted by dynamic quantitative and qualitative analysis using a GO algorithm to operate a GO operation based on the GO model with a specified operational rule. Thus the functions module of reliability analysis by the GO method includes: • Operating dynamic quantitative analysis using an exact algorithm; • Operating dynamic qualitative analysis to obtain all minimum cut sets of the system.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
Selecting the symbols of system units
127
Locating the position of model’s elements Selecting the GO opeators Naming the model’s elements
Establishing the canvas of the system structure model
Establishing the canvas of the GO model Editing the identification number of model’s elements
Connecting the symbols of system units Establishing the system structure model
Connecting the GO operators by signal flow
Developing the GO model
Connecting the GO model and system structure model Adjusting models
FIGURE 6–3 Operating process of a module for reliability modeling by the goal-oriented (GO) method.
Determine the characteristics of the system
Determine time range and its interval of qualitative analysis
Determine time range and its interval of quantitative analysis
Determine the parameters of the cut set analysis
Performing the quantitative analysis
Performing the qualitative analysis
Operating the dynamic quantitative analysis
Operating the dynamic qualitative analysis
FIGURE 6–4 Operating process of a module for reliability analysis by the goal-oriented method.
The operation process of a module for reliability analysis by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 4.
6.3.3 Module design of reliability optimization allocation by the goaloriented method The reliability optimization allocation by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is able to obtain an engineering solution by solving the optimization allocation mathematic model, which consists of reliability constraint functions based on the GO model
128
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Developing the hierarchical structure
Determining the reliability constraint of the unit
Scoring the judging matrix of the hierarchical structure
Determining the reliability constraint of system
Establishing the constraint of the system function
Establishing the constraints of the unit and system
Setting the parameters of the solving algorithm
Selecting the type of design unit
Executing the solving algorithm
Selecting the cost function
Operating the optimization allocation
Establishing the objective function
FIGURE 6–5 Operating process of the module for reliability optimization allocation by the goal-oriented method.
and GO operation, and an objective function to minimize the cost. Thus the functions module of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method includes: • • • •
Establishing the reliability constraint function of the system function; Establishing the reliability constraint functions of the unit and system; Establishing the objective function to minimize the cost; Operating optimization allocation to obtain an engineering solution.
The operation process of the module for reliability optimization allocation by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 5.
6.3.4 Module design of reliability assessment by the goal-oriented method The reliability assessment by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is able to obtain the system reliability confidence lower limits, system mean time to failures, and system availability confidence lower limits by using the data of units. Thus the functions module of reliability assessment by the GO method includes: • Determining the test data and parameters of the test units; • Operating system reliability indexes assessment. The operation process of the module for reliability assessment by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 6.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
Determining the test unit
Determining the test type of the test unit
Determining the parameter data of the test unit Determining the test data and parameters of the test units
129
Point estimation of MTTF
Selecting the index of system reliability assessment
Confidence lower limit estimation of system reliability
Confidence lower limit estimation of system availability Operating system reliability indexes assessment
FIGURE 6–6 Operating process of the module for reliability assessment by the goal-oriented method. MTTF, mean time to failures.
6.4 Problems 1. What are the problems regarding reliability technologies in design? 2. What is the architecture of integration software on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems? 3. How are the function modules of reliability modeling on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 4. How are the function modules of reliability analysis on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 5. How are the function modules of reliability optimization allocation on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 6. How are the function modules of reliability assessment on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 7. Design an integration software on the GO method and draw its graphical user interface.
References [1] Y. Zhao, Data Analysis of Reliability, National Defense Industry Press, Beijing, 2011. [2] W.Y. Gately, R.L. Williams, GO Methodology-Overview, EPRI NP-765, Kaman Sciences Co., California, May 1978. [3] W.Y. Gately, R.L. Williams, GO Methodology-System Reliability Assessment and Computer Code Manual, NP-766, Kaman Sciences Co., California, May 1978. [4] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology-Fault Sequence Identification and Computer Code Manual, NP-767, Kaman Sciences Corporation, California, May 1978. [5] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Overview Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 1, EPRI, WA, 1983.
130
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
[6] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Application and Comparison of the GO methodology and Fault Tree Analysis, NP-3123, Vol. 2, EPRI, WA, 1983. [7] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: GO Modeling Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 3, EPRI, WA, 1983. [8] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: GO User’s Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 4, EPRI, WA, 1983. [9] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Program and User’s Manual (IBM Version), NP-3123, Vol. 5, EPRI, WA, 1983. [10] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Program and User’s Manual (CDC Version), NP-3123, Vol. 6, EPRI, WA, 1983. [11] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, GO-FLOW: a new reliability analysis methodology, Nucl. Sci. Eng. 98 (1) (1988) 64 78. [12] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, K. Takemura, A reliability analysis by the go-flow methodology: an analysis of emergency core cooling system of marine reactor under accident conditions, in: G. Apostolakis (Ed.), Probability Safety Assessment and Management, Elsevier Science Publishing Co, 1991, pp. 291 298. [13] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, GO-FLOW: a system reliability analysis methodology, Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 525 532. [14] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, The GO-FLOW reliability analysis methodology—analysis of common cause failures with uncertainty, Nucl. Eng. Des. 175 (3) (1997) 205 214. [15] Y. Xiaojian, H. Peng, et al. Reliability analysis software for repairable systems based on GO method, Software Copyright in China, 2014SR112607, 2014. [16] Y. Xiaojian, H. Peng, et al. Integrated technology software for complex systems based on GO method, Software Copyright in China, 2016SR170894, 2016.
6.1 Introduction Reliability modeling, reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment are the key to reliability technologies in design, and can contribute to improvement the cost-effectiveness of system reliability. The studies on such reliability technologies have received a great deal of attention from scholars, who have focused on solving the following two main problems: • Problem 1: In order to avoid the disconnection between the reliability design and function design, the reliability technology should map to the system structure, working principle, function constitute, and characteristics. Therefore how to map the reliability technology to the above-mentioned inherent properties is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. • Problem 2: Until now, the reliability technologies, such as reliability design, analysis, distribution, and evaluation, are separated and lack relevance, which leads to repetitive working items, lower worker productivity, and a serious waste of resources. Their effective combination will lead to good results, for example, the fewer cycles presented in Fig. 6 1, the more efficient the reliability working. Therefore how to combine organically different reliability technologies into a system is another difficult problem that needs to be solved.
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816185-2.00006-X © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
123
124
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Reliability objective
Argument
Determine reliability objective and design criteria
System reliability indexes
To allocate function
Comparing
System reliability analysis
Modifying
Function reliability analysis
To allocate design units
Technical condition
Reliability assessment
Unit reliability design
Design
System reliability modeling
FIGURE 6–1 Relation of reliability technologies in design.
Although there is a great deal of interest in the design of complex nuclear power plant systems for reliability, research into deigning these systems for both functional and structural reliability and life cycle cost is needed. Goal-oriented (GO) methodology is a graphic inductive method mapping the system structure, its function constitutes, its characteristics, and its working principles visually based on a decision tree. Because of the advantages of the GO method from aspects of its ease of modeling and its representational and analysis ability, it is able to solve the above problems by an integrated reliability technology composed by reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment on the basis of the GO model. It has gained a great deal of attention in recent years, and more and more engineering applications have proved its value [1]. The reliability software tools can efficiently link the theory and engineering, and make the application of theory easier. Until now, lots of funds is used to develop and update the software tools on GO method in the United States [2 10], Japan [11 14], and China [15,16], so that the quality and function of software tools can be improved efficiently. It is worth noting that Kaman Corporation applied a GO software tool to evaluate the availability and risk probability of the nuclear power plant TVA Sequoyah 1.1 MW. This verified that the GO method is able to model and analyze the whole nuclear power plant. Aimed at solving the above problems, an integration software tool of reliability technologies based on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems was developed and supported by National Key S&T Special Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, which integrated the reliability analysis technology by the GO method, reliability optimization allocation technology by the GO method, and reliability assessment technology by the GO method on the basis of reliability modeling by the GO method. GO software tools are of value in engineering applications.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
125
In this chapter, the design idea of using an integration software tool on reliability technologies based on the GO method, which are presented in Chapters 2 5 for complex nuclear power plant systems, is described in terms of software architecture and function modules.
6.2 Architecture design of integration software on the goal-oriented method The integration software for the GO method is able to conduct qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of system reliability based on the GO method for reliability modeling, and achieves reliability optimization allocation and reliability assessment based on it. The integration software for the GO method has four main functions, which are reliability modeling, reliability analysis, reliability optimization allocation, and reliability assessment of nuclear power plant systems realized by four separate modules. Among these modules, the module of reliability modeling by the GO method is the foundation. The function of modules of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method and reliability assessment by the GO method can be realized on the basis of the module of reliability analysis by the GO method. The architecture of integration software on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems shows the main flow of each software module, and the relationships between different modules, as shown in Fig. 6 2.
6.3 Function module design of integration software for the goal-oriented method 6.3.1 Module design of reliability modeling by the goal-oriented method The GO model of complex nuclear power plant systems was developed using the signal flows to connect the GO operators. It can map the system structure, schematic diagrams, functional hierarchy, and characteristics directly. Thus the functions module of reliability modeling by the GO method includes: • Establishing the system structure model by connecting the symbols of system units; • Developing the GO model by using signal flows to connect the GO operators; • Adjusting models containing and identifying the number and name of elements of models in canvas, locating the position of models in canvas, zooming in or out of the models, and connecting the GO model and system structure model. The operation process of a module for reliability modeling by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 3.
126
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Establishing reliability constraint functions of system functions
Operating reliability optimization allocation
Establishing reliability constraint functions of unit and system
Establishing the objective function
Modules of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method
Establishing the system structure model
Developing the GO model
Modules of reliability modeling by the GO method
Conducting quantitative analysis
Conducting qualitative analysis
Modules of reliability analysis by the GO method
Determining data of the testing unit
Evaluating the system reliability index
Modules of reliability assessment by the GO method FIGURE 6–2 Architecture of integration software for the goal-oriented (GO) method for nuclear power plant systems.
6.3.2 Module design of reliability analysis by the goal-oriented method Reliability analysis by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is conducted by dynamic quantitative and qualitative analysis using a GO algorithm to operate a GO operation based on the GO model with a specified operational rule. Thus the functions module of reliability analysis by the GO method includes: • Operating dynamic quantitative analysis using an exact algorithm; • Operating dynamic qualitative analysis to obtain all minimum cut sets of the system.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
Selecting the symbols of system units
127
Locating the position of model’s elements Selecting the GO opeators Naming the model’s elements
Establishing the canvas of the system structure model
Establishing the canvas of the GO model Editing the identification number of model’s elements
Connecting the symbols of system units Establishing the system structure model
Connecting the GO operators by signal flow
Developing the GO model
Connecting the GO model and system structure model Adjusting models
FIGURE 6–3 Operating process of a module for reliability modeling by the goal-oriented (GO) method.
Determine the characteristics of the system
Determine time range and its interval of qualitative analysis
Determine time range and its interval of quantitative analysis
Determine the parameters of the cut set analysis
Performing the quantitative analysis
Performing the qualitative analysis
Operating the dynamic quantitative analysis
Operating the dynamic qualitative analysis
FIGURE 6–4 Operating process of a module for reliability analysis by the goal-oriented method.
The operation process of a module for reliability analysis by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 4.
6.3.3 Module design of reliability optimization allocation by the goaloriented method The reliability optimization allocation by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is able to obtain an engineering solution by solving the optimization allocation mathematic model, which consists of reliability constraint functions based on the GO model
128
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
Developing the hierarchical structure
Determining the reliability constraint of the unit
Scoring the judging matrix of the hierarchical structure
Determining the reliability constraint of system
Establishing the constraint of the system function
Establishing the constraints of the unit and system
Setting the parameters of the solving algorithm
Selecting the type of design unit
Executing the solving algorithm
Selecting the cost function
Operating the optimization allocation
Establishing the objective function
FIGURE 6–5 Operating process of the module for reliability optimization allocation by the goal-oriented method.
and GO operation, and an objective function to minimize the cost. Thus the functions module of reliability optimization allocation by the GO method includes: • • • •
Establishing the reliability constraint function of the system function; Establishing the reliability constraint functions of the unit and system; Establishing the objective function to minimize the cost; Operating optimization allocation to obtain an engineering solution.
The operation process of the module for reliability optimization allocation by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 5.
6.3.4 Module design of reliability assessment by the goal-oriented method The reliability assessment by the GO method of complex nuclear power plant systems is able to obtain the system reliability confidence lower limits, system mean time to failures, and system availability confidence lower limits by using the data of units. Thus the functions module of reliability assessment by the GO method includes: • Determining the test data and parameters of the test units; • Operating system reliability indexes assessment. The operation process of the module for reliability assessment by the GO method is shown in Fig. 6 6.
Chapter 6 • Reliability software design
Determining the test unit
Determining the test type of the test unit
Determining the parameter data of the test unit Determining the test data and parameters of the test units
129
Point estimation of MTTF
Selecting the index of system reliability assessment
Confidence lower limit estimation of system reliability
Confidence lower limit estimation of system availability Operating system reliability indexes assessment
FIGURE 6–6 Operating process of the module for reliability assessment by the goal-oriented method. MTTF, mean time to failures.
6.4 Problems 1. What are the problems regarding reliability technologies in design? 2. What is the architecture of integration software on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems? 3. How are the function modules of reliability modeling on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 4. How are the function modules of reliability analysis on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 5. How are the function modules of reliability optimization allocation on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 6. How are the function modules of reliability assessment on the GO method for nuclear power plant systems designed? 7. Design an integration software on the GO method and draw its graphical user interface.
References [1] Y. Zhao, Data Analysis of Reliability, National Defense Industry Press, Beijing, 2011. [2] W.Y. Gately, R.L. Williams, GO Methodology-Overview, EPRI NP-765, Kaman Sciences Co., California, May 1978. [3] W.Y. Gately, R.L. Williams, GO Methodology-System Reliability Assessment and Computer Code Manual, NP-766, Kaman Sciences Co., California, May 1978. [4] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology-Fault Sequence Identification and Computer Code Manual, NP-767, Kaman Sciences Corporation, California, May 1978. [5] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Overview Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 1, EPRI, WA, 1983.
130
Goal Oriented Methodology and Applications in Nuclear Power Plants
[6] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Application and Comparison of the GO methodology and Fault Tree Analysis, NP-3123, Vol. 2, EPRI, WA, 1983. [7] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: GO Modeling Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 3, EPRI, WA, 1983. [8] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: GO User’s Manual, NP-3123, Vol. 4, EPRI, WA, 1983. [9] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Program and User’s Manual (IBM Version), NP-3123, Vol. 5, EPRI, WA, 1983. [10] B.B. Chu, GO Methodology: Program and User’s Manual (CDC Version), NP-3123, Vol. 6, EPRI, WA, 1983. [11] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, GO-FLOW: a new reliability analysis methodology, Nucl. Sci. Eng. 98 (1) (1988) 64 78. [12] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, K. Takemura, A reliability analysis by the go-flow methodology: an analysis of emergency core cooling system of marine reactor under accident conditions, in: G. Apostolakis (Ed.), Probability Safety Assessment and Management, Elsevier Science Publishing Co, 1991, pp. 291 298. [13] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, GO-FLOW: a system reliability analysis methodology, Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 525 532. [14] T. Matsuoka, M. Kobayashi, The GO-FLOW reliability analysis methodology—analysis of common cause failures with uncertainty, Nucl. Eng. Des. 175 (3) (1997) 205 214. [15] Y. Xiaojian, H. Peng, et al. Reliability analysis software for repairable systems based on GO method, Software Copyright in China, 2014SR112607, 2014. [16] Y. Xiaojian, H. Peng, et al. Integrated technology software for complex systems based on GO method, Software Copyright in China, 2016SR170894, 2016.