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Remarks by the editor
~aglezb.e's /~'team (2himneg+
131
4,his end in almost every instanee~ arid his inclinatiotts will lead' him to give it file required attmition.
Patent g'ra~ted lo J:;~t~:s P. A.LLAII,~E+jb~' a ~* ~S~le(./?~ Ch'imne!l or J~eeeiver+'" Da~ed May 14tl~ 18~80 T~-~E improvement is an application of the heat that usually passes np the chimney and is lost. in such a manner, to the steam dger it is generated, as to rarity, or still further expand it. It consisN of a steam chimney or receiver, so con.~tructed that the steam generated in the boiler'mus:° when used, pass over. or b), the hea~ed metal of tile fire chimney, in such quantities only as is necessary tosuppty the et~gine. The space fi'om tile external part of the steam chimney or receiver+ to the exterrml part of the fire chimney beit, g small, each renewed supply of steam passing through the steam chimney , r receiver+++is broug~t in contact with the heated metal of the fire~ehimney~ which impa'ts the extra mat i a tile ,r ctal to the steam~ thereby keeping the temperature of the steam used, ru;arly tip to that of the metal o1" the tire chinmey~ and also preserving tt(e metal from oxidation m, burning+ As the imprnvement consists in passing the steam over~ or in con+ tact with the(heated metal to promote e'xpansi
I+'emark'8 b~/ the I3 !i!or.--The t~re~oin~ Spedficati~n us to be less dehni e than such an m~trument ought ~0 be~ as it doe,~ not -articu arize any arrano'ement by be produced~ from the words of the patent law, and fi:om tilde rm~ure ~f the thing to be done, this. would a[_p~ ear t,,. be necessar,,y to a g~ood description. Flues have been repeatedly passed through the steam m the upper part of a boiler, for the purpo:se of giving to it a hig~N~" de,ree of elast ctv+ and t ae :ebv avoiditi~+ in so~ le degree, the waste: of that heat wh c~ passes up the fire ohmracy, 1 he ad~a¢~ge~ expected from this mode of procedure have, l[uwever, n6@6r: N~:~: tea ized, as tim appl cation appears to have hero. ken views. We wouhl call the attention of ore' k s' p++oet"upor exp osions in Steam boilers, :?, in ,'~ ":ch s{~m~ remarks occur ~rh~ch tend" to throw light upoi* ti!iS s~ ~ject That the expansive tmce of"steam depen01~d apoii its de,i:,+ s t~,; and t.empevatut'e col@) t~tl)+ was a litct ~e I undelstuod amm~g
la~
P a t e n t cot.re.
{Iult' ~' 2;r,us's.
phil ,sophers, but, until, th~ publication of this paper, we believe that the influence of tetnpe atu 'e was greatly overrated, and that of den-. sity undervalued. When heat is applied to the water in a boiler
fro,,, whioh steam has Ue t og2, e,'ated, a, a over ,,l ichit is the effect is to increase t lensity of tim steam, by increasing the evaporation.of the water; but when heat is applied to the steam, so as to increase its temiPl~r~tut~, and cause it to transcend that of the water, its density wi d e hereby diminislied, as a portion of the steam will be condense by the water, in consequence of its lower temperature. Water at ~t~.° will undoubtedly abstract heat fiom steam at 9.50°, or indeed, at any superior temperature. Mr. Allaire may pr0bably expect t:o derive some advantage from heating the steam just as it is passing it*to the vacuum in the cylin-. der~ as this appear;s to be his intm~titm; but we apprehend that finis adwmtage, if any, will b e very .~mail, as the density of the steam in his cylinder will be less tha~*l tllat in the b,ailer. W e have thrown out the forepgoing hints, because we believe that they relate to facts not generally understood, although of the first importance in the operations with steam. Were we to follow our inclination% we should occupy several pages with our view% but as we shall ti-equently add remarks to the patents we publisIb we think that we ought to be as brief as possible° To some ofm~r readers who take an in{crest in such subjects, the view wt~ich we Imve taken , f the importance of density in steam may be altogether novel; ~i~rtheir sakes we will oit~er one remark, with the hope ~;t giving clearness to the ideas which we have expressed. Tt e force of steam results from the tmwer which heat possesses of causing the particles of matter to repel' cacti oti~er; if you diminish the number of particles in a given space, you decrease the amount of repulsion, and to restore this amount the heat must be increased; and, vice versa, if you can contrive to increase the iiumber of particles of matter, the amount of repulsion may be equal, although the temperature may be diminished. We are acquainted with heat only !U the et~'ecta which it produces upon other bodies; as an abstract principle it is an entire stranger to us; however highly a cylinder may be heated, its piston wil! re:main unatli~cted if there be a vacuum within it, and caeterzs par~Ous~ the effect upon the piston will be proportioned to the quantity of ma~ter~ in the form of vapour, which the cylinder may contain.
Decision in the Circuit Cottrt of the United Slates, in the case of D~° ttula.'s Patent Truss f o r Rupt,~'e.s', (YNi)EIt the head of American Patents, we shall present not only tile specitications and accounts of tile patents themselves, but whatever relates to the interest of.-at-ntees o.enerallv, in eonformitr with this resolution we abstract from the N e w "t or ~ Evening .t o.~t the
131
4,his end in almost every instanee~ arid his inclinatiotts will lead' him to give it file required attmition.
Patent g'ra~ted lo J:;~t~:s P. A.LLAII,~E+jb~' a ~* ~S~le(./?~ Ch'imne!l or J~eeeiver+'" Da~ed May 14tl~ 18~80 T~-~E improvement is an application of the heat that usually passes np the chimney and is lost. in such a manner, to the steam dger it is generated, as to rarity, or still further expand it. It consisN of a steam chimney or receiver, so con.~tructed that the steam generated in the boiler'mus:° when used, pass over. or b), the hea~ed metal of tile fire chimney, in such quantities only as is necessary tosuppty the et~gine. The space fi'om tile external part of the steam chimney or receiver+ to the exterrml part of the fire chimney beit, g small, each renewed supply of steam passing through the steam chimney , r receiver+++is broug~t in contact with the heated metal of the fire~ehimney~ which impa'ts the extra mat i a tile ,r ctal to the steam~ thereby keeping the temperature of the steam used, ru;arly tip to that of the metal o1" the tire chinmey~ and also preserving tt(e metal from oxidation m, burning+ As the imprnvement consists in passing the steam over~ or in con+ tact with the(heated metal to promote e'xpansi
I+'emark'8 b~/ the I3 !i!or.--The t~re~oin~ Spedficati~n us to be less dehni e than such an m~trument ought ~0 be~ as it doe,~ not -articu arize any arrano'ement by be produced~ from the words of the patent law, and fi:om tilde rm~ure ~f the thing to be done, this. would a[_p~ ear t,,. be necessar,,y to a g~ood description. Flues have been repeatedly passed through the steam m the upper part of a boiler, for the purpo:se of giving to it a hig~N~" de,ree of elast ctv+ and t ae :ebv avoiditi~+ in so~ le degree, the waste: of that heat wh c~ passes up the fire ohmracy, 1 he ad~a¢~ge~ expected from this mode of procedure have, l[uwever, n6@6r: N~:~: tea ized, as tim appl cation appears to have hero. ken views. We wouhl call the attention of ore' k s' p++oet"upor exp osions in Steam boilers, :?, in ,'~ ":ch s{~m~ remarks occur ~rh~ch tend" to throw light upoi* ti!iS s~ ~ject That the expansive tmce of"steam depen01~d apoii its de,i:,+ s t~,; and t.empevatut'e col@) t~tl)+ was a litct ~e I undelstuod amm~g
la~
P a t e n t cot.re.
{Iult' ~' 2;r,us's.
phil ,sophers, but, until, th~ publication of this paper, we believe that the influence of tetnpe atu 'e was greatly overrated, and that of den-. sity undervalued. When heat is applied to the water in a boiler
fro,,, whioh steam has Ue t og2, e,'ated, a, a over ,,l ichit is the effect is to increase t lensity of tim steam, by increasing the evaporation.of the water; but when heat is applied to the steam, so as to increase its temiPl~r~tut~, and cause it to transcend that of the water, its density wi d e hereby diminislied, as a portion of the steam will be condense by the water, in consequence of its lower temperature. Water at ~t~.° will undoubtedly abstract heat fiom steam at 9.50°, or indeed, at any superior temperature. Mr. Allaire may pr0bably expect t:o derive some advantage from heating the steam just as it is passing it*to the vacuum in the cylin-. der~ as this appear;s to be his intm~titm; but we apprehend that finis adwmtage, if any, will b e very .~mail, as the density of the steam in his cylinder will be less tha~*l tllat in the b,ailer. W e have thrown out the forepgoing hints, because we believe that they relate to facts not generally understood, although of the first importance in the operations with steam. Were we to follow our inclination% we should occupy several pages with our view% but as we shall ti-equently add remarks to the patents we publisIb we think that we ought to be as brief as possible° To some ofm~r readers who take an in{crest in such subjects, the view wt~ich we Imve taken , f the importance of density in steam may be altogether novel; ~i~rtheir sakes we will oit~er one remark, with the hope ~;t giving clearness to the ideas which we have expressed. Tt e force of steam results from the tmwer which heat possesses of causing the particles of matter to repel' cacti oti~er; if you diminish the number of particles in a given space, you decrease the amount of repulsion, and to restore this amount the heat must be increased; and, vice versa, if you can contrive to increase the iiumber of particles of matter, the amount of repulsion may be equal, although the temperature may be diminished. We are acquainted with heat only !U the et~'ecta which it produces upon other bodies; as an abstract principle it is an entire stranger to us; however highly a cylinder may be heated, its piston wil! re:main unatli~cted if there be a vacuum within it, and caeterzs par~Ous~ the effect upon the piston will be proportioned to the quantity of ma~ter~ in the form of vapour, which the cylinder may contain.
Decision in the Circuit Cottrt of the United Slates, in the case of D~° ttula.'s Patent Truss f o r Rupt,~'e.s', (YNi)EIt the head of American Patents, we shall present not only tile specitications and accounts of tile patents themselves, but whatever relates to the interest of.-at-ntees o.enerallv, in eonformitr with this resolution we abstract from the N e w "t or ~ Evening .t o.~t the