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Removal of exganic sulfur from coal by perchloroethylene extraction and ultrasonic wave
01 Solid fuels (transport, storage) other as fluorine-substituted under the extremely dry extremely high F-contents.
analogues of the hydrosilicates, which conditions, produce minerals containing
03/00483 Investigation on sulfation of modified Ca-based sorbent Wang, C. et ul. Fuel Processing Technology, 2002, 79, (2), 121-l 33. When applied for desulfurization in a coal combustion process, common Ca-based sorbents have very low Ca conversion and some additives were found can improve the sulfation effect of sorbents greatly. The sulfation characteristics and pore structure of Ca-based sorbent modified by some inorganic compound were investigated in this paper. Although the sulfur capture capability of M-CaO (calcined from modified limestone) greatly exceeds that of N-CaO (calcined from original limestone), the M-CaO sulfation phenomena cannot be explained well based only on pore structure, as has been suggested by some investigators. To find the sulfation mechanism, the crystal structure of M-CaO was measured. Based on experiments and solidstate ions diffusion theory, a new sulfation mechanism is proposed: lattice defects in M-CaO lead to higher calcium conversion. Based on this conclusion, a rule that estimates whether or not a compound can act as a Ca-based sorbent additive is suggested. 03/00484 Investigations on desulphurisation of some highsulphur Indian coals by y-ray-induced chlorinolysis Tripathi, P. S. M. et al. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2002, 56. (6), W-984. Results of studies on desulfurization of high-sulfur (2-S%) coals of Meghalaya by radiation chlorinolysis, effected in different media of chlorination (CC14, CC14/Hz0, and CC14/MeOH) via radiolysis of CC14, for the removal of both the inorganic (pyritic and sulfate) and the organic forms of sulfur as well as mineral matter are reported. In general, maximum removal of total sulfur (up to 37%) and mineral matter (up to 10%) takes place in CC14/MeOH medium, which is attributed to the MeOH acting as a better wetting agent for coal. While pyritic and sulfate sulfur are removed almost quantitively, there is variation in the removal of organic sulfur from the coals. Also, the coal matrix is not affected/degraded to any appreciable extent and the caking property of the coals is either improved or slightly degraded after desulfurization. Mechanism of desulfurization of coal via radiation chlorination is proposed.
Methane use in the German bituminous coal 03/00486 mining industry Rohner, W. Glueckauj; 2002, 138, (7 8), 365-369. (In Germany) The utilization of renewable energies, which is promoted by the Renewable Energy Act, plays an increasingly important role also in the mining sector. Expansion of the activities of the RAG for utilization of methane in North Rhine-Westphalia with the aim of an emission reduction of about 2.5 million t/a COz equivalent is achieved by the construction and operation of 50 BHKW modules. The investment amount will be about 50 million EUR, which is designed to create an electricity generating capacity of about 450 GWh/a. y 03/00487 Microbial degradation of sulfur compounds present in coal and petroleum Gogoi, B. K. and Bezbaruah, R. L. Progress in Industrial MicrobiologJl. NO?. (361. 427 456
In a review the nature and origin of S in fossil fuels as coals and crude oil is reported, and pathways of the microbial degradation of Scompounds are presented. Topics were the aerobic and anaerobic microbial attacks on heterocvclic S-containing hvdrocarbons, nonaromatic S-containing compounds, as well as therdentification of genes and enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of organic Scompounds. A wide variety of microorganisms suitable for biodesulfurization of fossil fuels is given, but the disadvantages of these microbial processes were the low reaction rates that made them unattractive under the current corn. conditions. Nevertheless the biocatalytic desulfurization was a good option because of low capital costs and operating expenses, but further research was recommended to achieve higher microbial conversion rates. 03/00488 Plasma thermal and chemical preparation of coals to decrease fuel oil consumption at thermal power plants operating on coal Karpenko, E. I. et al. Teploenergetikrr ~Moccm~. Russior~ Federation), 2002, (l), 24-28. (In Russian) A review on the plasma ignition of pulverized coal and full-scale testing of a system of plasma ignition of thermal power plant boilers firing coals (from anthracite breeze to brown coals). Relevance of exergy analysis for byproduct 03/00489 coking Zubilin, I. G. et al. Koks i Khimiyu, 2002, (4). 13. 16. (In Russian) A review, focusing on exergy analysis of the production of solid and gaseous fuels and reducing agents for metallurgy. Removal of organic sulfur from coal by 03/00490 perchloroethylene extraction and ultrasonic wave Yu, H.-M. et al. Zhongguo Kuungye Duxue Xuehao, 2002, 3 1, (3), 289292. (In Chinese) The selective removal of organic sulfur from Liuwan coal by perchloroethylene (PCE) extraction under the actions of ultrasonic wave and stirring was investigated. The result shows that a high removal rate of organic sulfur is obtained under the action of ultrasonic wave even at a low temperature. The hot filtering results in a higher removal rate of organic sulfur than the cold faltering. That the extraction time is longer than 30 min is not favorable to the organic sulfur removal. Under the condition of stirring, the removal rate of organic sulfur by PCE extraction increases with the iemperature. Once it is treated by ultrasonic wave, the removal rate of organic sulfur will further increase. The main desulfurization producl is Ss, with small amount of S7 and S+ The devolatilisation of millimetre sized coal 03/00491 particles at high heating rate: the influence (of pressure on the structure and reactivity of the char Gadiou, R. et al. Fuel, 2002, 81, (16) 2121-2130. Most studies on the influence of pressure on the combustion of coal particles have shown that for a constant oxygen concentration, an increase of pressure leads to a decrease of combustion rate. Among the different phenomena, which can explain this behaviour, the influence of the devolatilization pressure on the structure and reactivity of the char formed may be important. The aim of this paper was to obtain a quantitative characterization of the physical and chemical structure of chars formed during pyrolysis under a large range of pressure. Experiments of single coal particle pyrolysis were conducted in a laser reactor with pressure ranging from 0.014 to 2.1 MPa in a nitrogen atmosphere. As expected, an increase of pressure lead to a decrease of the volatile matter yield, which can be related to the secondary reactions of volatile matter. A characterization of the char was performed by gas adsorption methods: nitrogen adsorption, carbon dioxide adsorption and active surface area (ASA) measurement. True and apparent densities, porosities and swelling of the particles were also investigated. Although the volatile matter yield decreases, the porosity and the swelling of the char increases with increasing pyrolysis pressure. An increase in surface area and microporosity with increasing pressures up to 0.6 MPa was observed. The ASA surface also increases in this temperature range, but the ratio of ASA to CO2 surfaces shows that the intrinsic reactivity of the surface decreases with increasing pyrolysis pressure.
Transport,
storage
03/00492 Comparison of the electric charging properties of particulate materials in gas-solids flows in pipelines. Armour-Chelu, D. I. and Woodhead, S. R. Journal’ of Electrostatics. 2002, 56, (l), 87-101. Fuel
and
Energy
Abstracts
May 2003
135
analogues of the hydrosilicates, which conditions, produce minerals containing
03/00483 Investigation on sulfation of modified Ca-based sorbent Wang, C. et ul. Fuel Processing Technology, 2002, 79, (2), 121-l 33. When applied for desulfurization in a coal combustion process, common Ca-based sorbents have very low Ca conversion and some additives were found can improve the sulfation effect of sorbents greatly. The sulfation characteristics and pore structure of Ca-based sorbent modified by some inorganic compound were investigated in this paper. Although the sulfur capture capability of M-CaO (calcined from modified limestone) greatly exceeds that of N-CaO (calcined from original limestone), the M-CaO sulfation phenomena cannot be explained well based only on pore structure, as has been suggested by some investigators. To find the sulfation mechanism, the crystal structure of M-CaO was measured. Based on experiments and solidstate ions diffusion theory, a new sulfation mechanism is proposed: lattice defects in M-CaO lead to higher calcium conversion. Based on this conclusion, a rule that estimates whether or not a compound can act as a Ca-based sorbent additive is suggested. 03/00484 Investigations on desulphurisation of some highsulphur Indian coals by y-ray-induced chlorinolysis Tripathi, P. S. M. et al. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2002, 56. (6), W-984. Results of studies on desulfurization of high-sulfur (2-S%) coals of Meghalaya by radiation chlorinolysis, effected in different media of chlorination (CC14, CC14/Hz0, and CC14/MeOH) via radiolysis of CC14, for the removal of both the inorganic (pyritic and sulfate) and the organic forms of sulfur as well as mineral matter are reported. In general, maximum removal of total sulfur (up to 37%) and mineral matter (up to 10%) takes place in CC14/MeOH medium, which is attributed to the MeOH acting as a better wetting agent for coal. While pyritic and sulfate sulfur are removed almost quantitively, there is variation in the removal of organic sulfur from the coals. Also, the coal matrix is not affected/degraded to any appreciable extent and the caking property of the coals is either improved or slightly degraded after desulfurization. Mechanism of desulfurization of coal via radiation chlorination is proposed.
Methane use in the German bituminous coal 03/00486 mining industry Rohner, W. Glueckauj; 2002, 138, (7 8), 365-369. (In Germany) The utilization of renewable energies, which is promoted by the Renewable Energy Act, plays an increasingly important role also in the mining sector. Expansion of the activities of the RAG for utilization of methane in North Rhine-Westphalia with the aim of an emission reduction of about 2.5 million t/a COz equivalent is achieved by the construction and operation of 50 BHKW modules. The investment amount will be about 50 million EUR, which is designed to create an electricity generating capacity of about 450 GWh/a. y 03/00487 Microbial degradation of sulfur compounds present in coal and petroleum Gogoi, B. K. and Bezbaruah, R. L. Progress in Industrial MicrobiologJl. NO?. (361. 427 456
In a review the nature and origin of S in fossil fuels as coals and crude oil is reported, and pathways of the microbial degradation of Scompounds are presented. Topics were the aerobic and anaerobic microbial attacks on heterocvclic S-containing hvdrocarbons, nonaromatic S-containing compounds, as well as therdentification of genes and enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of organic Scompounds. A wide variety of microorganisms suitable for biodesulfurization of fossil fuels is given, but the disadvantages of these microbial processes were the low reaction rates that made them unattractive under the current corn. conditions. Nevertheless the biocatalytic desulfurization was a good option because of low capital costs and operating expenses, but further research was recommended to achieve higher microbial conversion rates. 03/00488 Plasma thermal and chemical preparation of coals to decrease fuel oil consumption at thermal power plants operating on coal Karpenko, E. I. et al. Teploenergetikrr ~Moccm~. Russior~ Federation), 2002, (l), 24-28. (In Russian) A review on the plasma ignition of pulverized coal and full-scale testing of a system of plasma ignition of thermal power plant boilers firing coals (from anthracite breeze to brown coals). Relevance of exergy analysis for byproduct 03/00489 coking Zubilin, I. G. et al. Koks i Khimiyu, 2002, (4). 13. 16. (In Russian) A review, focusing on exergy analysis of the production of solid and gaseous fuels and reducing agents for metallurgy. Removal of organic sulfur from coal by 03/00490 perchloroethylene extraction and ultrasonic wave Yu, H.-M. et al. Zhongguo Kuungye Duxue Xuehao, 2002, 3 1, (3), 289292. (In Chinese) The selective removal of organic sulfur from Liuwan coal by perchloroethylene (PCE) extraction under the actions of ultrasonic wave and stirring was investigated. The result shows that a high removal rate of organic sulfur is obtained under the action of ultrasonic wave even at a low temperature. The hot filtering results in a higher removal rate of organic sulfur than the cold faltering. That the extraction time is longer than 30 min is not favorable to the organic sulfur removal. Under the condition of stirring, the removal rate of organic sulfur by PCE extraction increases with the iemperature. Once it is treated by ultrasonic wave, the removal rate of organic sulfur will further increase. The main desulfurization producl is Ss, with small amount of S7 and S+ The devolatilisation of millimetre sized coal 03/00491 particles at high heating rate: the influence (of pressure on the structure and reactivity of the char Gadiou, R. et al. Fuel, 2002, 81, (16) 2121-2130. Most studies on the influence of pressure on the combustion of coal particles have shown that for a constant oxygen concentration, an increase of pressure leads to a decrease of combustion rate. Among the different phenomena, which can explain this behaviour, the influence of the devolatilization pressure on the structure and reactivity of the char formed may be important. The aim of this paper was to obtain a quantitative characterization of the physical and chemical structure of chars formed during pyrolysis under a large range of pressure. Experiments of single coal particle pyrolysis were conducted in a laser reactor with pressure ranging from 0.014 to 2.1 MPa in a nitrogen atmosphere. As expected, an increase of pressure lead to a decrease of the volatile matter yield, which can be related to the secondary reactions of volatile matter. A characterization of the char was performed by gas adsorption methods: nitrogen adsorption, carbon dioxide adsorption and active surface area (ASA) measurement. True and apparent densities, porosities and swelling of the particles were also investigated. Although the volatile matter yield decreases, the porosity and the swelling of the char increases with increasing pyrolysis pressure. An increase in surface area and microporosity with increasing pressures up to 0.6 MPa was observed. The ASA surface also increases in this temperature range, but the ratio of ASA to CO2 surfaces shows that the intrinsic reactivity of the surface decreases with increasing pyrolysis pressure.
Transport,
storage
03/00492 Comparison of the electric charging properties of particulate materials in gas-solids flows in pipelines. Armour-Chelu, D. I. and Woodhead, S. R. Journal’ of Electrostatics. 2002, 56, (l), 87-101. Fuel
and
Energy
Abstracts
May 2003
135