- Email: [email protected]
REMOVED: Silymarin attenuates neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes perturbations induced by lead in rat brain
Abstracts / Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 47 (2015) 1–131
respectively, suggesting that spatial identities of cerebellar neuron progenitors are regulated by Atoh1 and Ptf1a. However, the machinery to produce different types of GABAergic neurons remains elusive. Within the cerebellar VZ at early stages, we find two subpopulations; dorsally- and ventrally-located progenitors which express Olig2 and Gsx1, respectively. Lineage tracing reveals the former are exclusively Purkinje cell progenitors (PCPs) and the latter Pax2-positive interneuron progenitors (PIPs). As development proceeds, PCPs gradually become PIPs starting from ventral to dorsal. In gain- and loss-of-function mutants for Gsx1 and Olig1/2, we observe abnormal transitioning from PCPs to PIPs at inappropriate developmental stages. Our findings suggest that the temporal identity transition of cerebellar GABAergic neuron progenitors from PCPs to PIPs is negatively regulated by Olig2 and positively by Gsx1. These findings contribute to understanding spatiotemporal control of neuronal progenitor identities by transcription factors.
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protocol conforms to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Lead administration induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced the activities of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, GST, GSH). Acetylecholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) were significantly decreased while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased. In addition, histological changes were observed in rat brain tissue. Co-administration of SM with lead acetate significantly alleviated these adverse effects. In conclusion, milk thistle has beneficial effects and could be able to improve the biochemical and histological responses against the reactive oxygen species in the neural cells. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.194 ISDN2014 0239 CGRP in the Lateral Superior Olive complex (LSO) of the congenital hypothyroid weaned rat Gila Behzad NPRC & Physiology Dept, Fac Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Med Sci Univ, Tehran Iran
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.193 ISDN2014 0237 Silymarin attenuates neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes perturbations induced by lead in rat brain Fatma M. El-Demerdash a,∗ , Hoda M. Taher b , Moustafa S. Abbassy a,b a
Alexandria University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Resaerch, Environmental Studies Department b Elmousl University, Iraq E-mail address: [email protected] (F.M. El-Demerdash). Silymarin (SM), the active complex of milk thistle, is a lipophilic fruit extract and is composed of several isomer flavonolignans. Flavonoids are antioxidants found molecules capable of intercepting reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative stress (OS) is caused by imbalance between antioxidant defenses and production of ROS causing oxidative damage to macromolecules. Brain is susceptible to oxidative stress and it is associated with brain dysfunction. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of SM on biochemical parameters that evaluate OS in rat brain due to lead toxicity. Male Wister Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 7 each, group I served as control; group II treated with SM (50 mg/kg BW), group III received lead acetate (10 mg/kg BW) and group IV treated with lead acetate plus SM. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 28 days. The local committee approved the design of the experiments, and the
Objective: Congenital hypothyroid results in deafness. LSO in the mammalian auditory brainstem is involved in binaural hearing. CGRP, a co-transmitter, along with Ach in LSO is released at the lateral olivo-cochlear end plates. The aim of this work was to study the possible alterations that congenital hypothyroidism produces on the CGRP neurons in the LSO. Methods: We checked for the modifications in the number and morphology in relation to their location in the lateral, central and medial limbs of LSO. Congenital hypothyroidism was induced from E16th and continued until 23rd postnatal day. Anti-thyroid drug (PTU) 5 mg/100 ml was dissolved in drinking water of the dams until the end of lactation. Results: All three limbs of LSO show ∼40% increase in the number of CGRP neurons. More small (5–10 m) and less large (15–20 m) neurons, p < 0.001 was observed in the LSO of hypothyroid offspring. However no difference in the number of medium size (10–15 m) neurons compared to control. Conclusion: The present results suggest that thyroid hormones are necessary for the neuronal growth and CGRP implicates a role in the developmental scheme of LSO complex. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.195 ISDN2014 0240 Limits on integration in children: The concatenation of trained subsequences of movements into composite sequences as a specific experience-triggered skill Lilach Ashtamker 1,∗ , Avi Karni 1,2 1
The lab of Human Brain & Learning the Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 2 The Sagol Department of Neurobiology & Ethology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Complex movement sequences may be easier to acquire in sub-segments. Nevertheless, it is not clear how effective is the assembly of small multi-element movement segments, acquired piecemeal and serially, into a larger, composite unit of action. Here we examined the ability of children to combine two movement subsequences into a long, composite, sequence. Eleven year olds were trained in the performance of two, 3-elements, opposition movement sequences and tested overnight in the performance
respectively, suggesting that spatial identities of cerebellar neuron progenitors are regulated by Atoh1 and Ptf1a. However, the machinery to produce different types of GABAergic neurons remains elusive. Within the cerebellar VZ at early stages, we find two subpopulations; dorsally- and ventrally-located progenitors which express Olig2 and Gsx1, respectively. Lineage tracing reveals the former are exclusively Purkinje cell progenitors (PCPs) and the latter Pax2-positive interneuron progenitors (PIPs). As development proceeds, PCPs gradually become PIPs starting from ventral to dorsal. In gain- and loss-of-function mutants for Gsx1 and Olig1/2, we observe abnormal transitioning from PCPs to PIPs at inappropriate developmental stages. Our findings suggest that the temporal identity transition of cerebellar GABAergic neuron progenitors from PCPs to PIPs is negatively regulated by Olig2 and positively by Gsx1. These findings contribute to understanding spatiotemporal control of neuronal progenitor identities by transcription factors.
71
protocol conforms to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Lead administration induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced the activities of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, GST, GSH). Acetylecholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) were significantly decreased while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased. In addition, histological changes were observed in rat brain tissue. Co-administration of SM with lead acetate significantly alleviated these adverse effects. In conclusion, milk thistle has beneficial effects and could be able to improve the biochemical and histological responses against the reactive oxygen species in the neural cells. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.194 ISDN2014 0239 CGRP in the Lateral Superior Olive complex (LSO) of the congenital hypothyroid weaned rat Gila Behzad NPRC & Physiology Dept, Fac Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Med Sci Univ, Tehran Iran
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.193 ISDN2014 0237 Silymarin attenuates neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes perturbations induced by lead in rat brain Fatma M. El-Demerdash a,∗ , Hoda M. Taher b , Moustafa S. Abbassy a,b a
Alexandria University, Institute of Graduate Studies and Resaerch, Environmental Studies Department b Elmousl University, Iraq E-mail address: [email protected] (F.M. El-Demerdash). Silymarin (SM), the active complex of milk thistle, is a lipophilic fruit extract and is composed of several isomer flavonolignans. Flavonoids are antioxidants found molecules capable of intercepting reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative stress (OS) is caused by imbalance between antioxidant defenses and production of ROS causing oxidative damage to macromolecules. Brain is susceptible to oxidative stress and it is associated with brain dysfunction. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of SM on biochemical parameters that evaluate OS in rat brain due to lead toxicity. Male Wister Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 7 each, group I served as control; group II treated with SM (50 mg/kg BW), group III received lead acetate (10 mg/kg BW) and group IV treated with lead acetate plus SM. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 28 days. The local committee approved the design of the experiments, and the
Objective: Congenital hypothyroid results in deafness. LSO in the mammalian auditory brainstem is involved in binaural hearing. CGRP, a co-transmitter, along with Ach in LSO is released at the lateral olivo-cochlear end plates. The aim of this work was to study the possible alterations that congenital hypothyroidism produces on the CGRP neurons in the LSO. Methods: We checked for the modifications in the number and morphology in relation to their location in the lateral, central and medial limbs of LSO. Congenital hypothyroidism was induced from E16th and continued until 23rd postnatal day. Anti-thyroid drug (PTU) 5 mg/100 ml was dissolved in drinking water of the dams until the end of lactation. Results: All three limbs of LSO show ∼40% increase in the number of CGRP neurons. More small (5–10 m) and less large (15–20 m) neurons, p < 0.001 was observed in the LSO of hypothyroid offspring. However no difference in the number of medium size (10–15 m) neurons compared to control. Conclusion: The present results suggest that thyroid hormones are necessary for the neuronal growth and CGRP implicates a role in the developmental scheme of LSO complex. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.195 ISDN2014 0240 Limits on integration in children: The concatenation of trained subsequences of movements into composite sequences as a specific experience-triggered skill Lilach Ashtamker 1,∗ , Avi Karni 1,2 1
The lab of Human Brain & Learning the Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 2 The Sagol Department of Neurobiology & Ethology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Complex movement sequences may be easier to acquire in sub-segments. Nevertheless, it is not clear how effective is the assembly of small multi-element movement segments, acquired piecemeal and serially, into a larger, composite unit of action. Here we examined the ability of children to combine two movement subsequences into a long, composite, sequence. Eleven year olds were trained in the performance of two, 3-elements, opposition movement sequences and tested overnight in the performance