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Renal Coccidiosis in a Myotis myotis from Switzerland
J. Comp. Path. 2016, Vol. 154, 58e123
ESVP, ECVP and NSVP Proceedings 2015
95
RENAL COCCIDIOSIS IN A MYOTIS MYOTIS FROM SWITZERLAND D. Wiederkehr * and A. Hagedorny *Bat Pathology, Kirchberg, Bern, Switzerland and yTierforschungszentrum, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany Introduction: A juvenile greater mouse-ear bat (Myotis myotis) was examined as a part of a study of cause of death in bats from Switzerland. The animal belonged to a Myotis myotis colony in Burgdorf, Bern, and was found dead on the ground floor in the nursery quarter. Material and Methods: Necropsy examination of the bat was performed on the day of collection and the whole animal was fixed in formalin (4%). Samples of tongue, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen, brain and patagium were processed routinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections (3e5 mm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: Gross examination revealed mild infestation with mites. On the surface of both kidneys, random, multifocal, white foci up to 2 mm in diameter were visible. The remaining organs were normal. Histologically, multiple cystic dilations of the renal tubules with thickened basement membranes and proliferation of epithelial cells were seen. Dilated tubular lumina were filled with schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and unsporulated oocysts of coccidia. Epithelial cells contained sexual and asexual stages of the protozoa. The adjacent tissue was unaffected. Moderate, bilateral, multifocal, renal coccidiosis with tubular dilation was diagnosed. It remains unclear whether the renal coccidiosis was the cause of death. Conclusions: Renal coccidiosis has been described in a variety of animals including different species of bats, but has not been described previously in Myotis myotis species
LEAD TRANSFER INTO THE MUSCLES OF BIRDS DURING PELLET SHOTS: NEW OPINIONS BASED ON FLUID MECHANICS M. Felsmann *, J. Szarek y, M.Z. Felsmann y and Z. Kie1bowiczz *Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, yDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zDepartment of Surgery, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland Introduction: Diverse levels of lead originating from hunting ammunition have been detected in the muscles of game birds. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for this diversity. Materials and Methods: An analysis of the literature presenting the content of lead in game animal tissues originating from hunting ammunition was performed, with special attention paid to the diverse content of this metal in the muscles of birds (0.01e130.00 mg/kg wet mass). The collected data were analyzed considering the laws of fluid mechanics. Results:It was demonstrated that the causes of diverse lead levels in the muscles of birds, which have not been considered by other authors, are the physical phenomena occurring during penetration of this tissue by projectiles. The complexity of phenomena occurring during a shot prevents assessing the values of these parameters. The velocity of a projectile progressively decreases and its frontal area undergoes constant deformation. The density of a medium, frictional resistance and pressure resistance coefficients also change. As a result, thepotentialofleadchips todetachfromaprojectileand ofleadtobe transferred deep into the muscle tissue is variable and unpredictable. Frictional resistance is the most important factor for potential detachment of lead chips, while pressure resistance plays a major role in lead transfer into the tissues. Conclusions: Each shot should be considered as an unpredictable and individual phenomenon. Diverse levels of lead will always be detected in the muscles of game birds shot with lead pellets.
GAME BIRD SHOOTING WITH LEAD PELLETS AS THE CAUSE OF LEAD IN MUSCLE TISSUES M. Felsmann *, J. Szarek y, M.Z. Felsmann y and A. Szarek-Be˛skaz *Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, yDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zVeterinary Practice ‘Pulsar’ in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Game birds are usually shot with lead pellet ammunition (an average lead cartridge contains approximately 200 lead balls). As a result, the allowable level of lead in the muscle tissue of game birds is often exceeded and this metal is introduced to the environment as small pellets. Materials and Methods: A literature analysis of game bird hunting was performed with special attention paid to hunting with lead projectiles. Twenty-one publications discussing the levels of lead in the muscle tissue of game birds were analyzed, with special emphasis on the biology of birds, their economic importance, methods of shooting and risks to people consuming game bird meat. Results: The literature demonstrates that many birds receive wounds resulting from shooting and pellets set (most often) in muscles release lead and cause lead intoxication. The levels of this metal in game bird meats often exceed the standards for raw meat materials originating from commercial production. In the literature, there were 13 cases in which the levels were higher than allowed by the standards (0.01e130.00 mg/kg wet mass). In addition, many authors indicate that free-living birds swallow pellets as gastroliths, which also results in the intoxication. By disturbing the nervous system, lead interferes with seasonal migration and exposes such animals to attacks by predators. Conclusions: Game bird meat obtained by shooting with lead ammunition presents a risk to human health.
MAMMARY ADENOMYOEPITHELIOMA IN A RING-TAILED LEMUR (LEMUR CATTA): GROSS, MICROSCOPICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES. A. Su arez-Bonnet *, P. Herr aez *, E. Rodrıguez Grau-Bassas y, A. Perera Molinero z, A. Chivite z and A. Espinosa de los Monteros* *Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, yUnit of Comparative Oncology, Surgery and Radiology, Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and zHospital Universitario Nuestra Se~nora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain Introduction: Mammary neoplasms in non-human primates are rare with few cases reported in the literature. Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are originally from Madagascar and in this species only two cases of mammary tumours have been reported. Materials and Methods: In November 2014, two surgical mastectomy specimens from a 20-year-old female ring-tailed lemur were submitted to the Veterinary Anatomopathologic Diagnostic Service, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Results: Grossly, both mammary glands were enlarged (8.2 3.5 6.2 cm; 3.5 2.8 4.7 cm) and the cut surfaces were multinodular with foci of haemorrhage and necrosis. The largest mammary gland was focally ulcerated. Histologically, both lesions consisted of a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated, moderately cellular, expansive neoplastic proliferation arising from the epithelial and myoepithelial cell layers. Tumour cells formed well-differentiated papillary projections supported by a scant to moderate fibrovascular stroma. Cellular atypia was mild and mitoses were 2e20 per HPF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of AE1AE3, CK7, CK14, CK5+8, OR, vimentin and 14-3-3 sigma protein. HercepTestTM and PR were negative and expression of Ki67 revealed a low cell proliferation index. After 6 months the patient is still alive without any clinical signs related to neoplastic disease. Conclusions: Histological characteristics and inmunohistochemical profile supported the diagnosis of mammary adenomyoepithelioma. This is the first description of a mammary myoepithelioma and the first immunohistochemical analysis of a naturally occurring mammary tumour in this species.
ESVP, ECVP and NSVP Proceedings 2015
95
RENAL COCCIDIOSIS IN A MYOTIS MYOTIS FROM SWITZERLAND D. Wiederkehr * and A. Hagedorny *Bat Pathology, Kirchberg, Bern, Switzerland and yTierforschungszentrum, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany Introduction: A juvenile greater mouse-ear bat (Myotis myotis) was examined as a part of a study of cause of death in bats from Switzerland. The animal belonged to a Myotis myotis colony in Burgdorf, Bern, and was found dead on the ground floor in the nursery quarter. Material and Methods: Necropsy examination of the bat was performed on the day of collection and the whole animal was fixed in formalin (4%). Samples of tongue, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen, brain and patagium were processed routinely and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections (3e5 mm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: Gross examination revealed mild infestation with mites. On the surface of both kidneys, random, multifocal, white foci up to 2 mm in diameter were visible. The remaining organs were normal. Histologically, multiple cystic dilations of the renal tubules with thickened basement membranes and proliferation of epithelial cells were seen. Dilated tubular lumina were filled with schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and unsporulated oocysts of coccidia. Epithelial cells contained sexual and asexual stages of the protozoa. The adjacent tissue was unaffected. Moderate, bilateral, multifocal, renal coccidiosis with tubular dilation was diagnosed. It remains unclear whether the renal coccidiosis was the cause of death. Conclusions: Renal coccidiosis has been described in a variety of animals including different species of bats, but has not been described previously in Myotis myotis species
LEAD TRANSFER INTO THE MUSCLES OF BIRDS DURING PELLET SHOTS: NEW OPINIONS BASED ON FLUID MECHANICS M. Felsmann *, J. Szarek y, M.Z. Felsmann y and Z. Kie1bowiczz *Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, yDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zDepartment of Surgery, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland Introduction: Diverse levels of lead originating from hunting ammunition have been detected in the muscles of game birds. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for this diversity. Materials and Methods: An analysis of the literature presenting the content of lead in game animal tissues originating from hunting ammunition was performed, with special attention paid to the diverse content of this metal in the muscles of birds (0.01e130.00 mg/kg wet mass). The collected data were analyzed considering the laws of fluid mechanics. Results:It was demonstrated that the causes of diverse lead levels in the muscles of birds, which have not been considered by other authors, are the physical phenomena occurring during penetration of this tissue by projectiles. The complexity of phenomena occurring during a shot prevents assessing the values of these parameters. The velocity of a projectile progressively decreases and its frontal area undergoes constant deformation. The density of a medium, frictional resistance and pressure resistance coefficients also change. As a result, thepotentialofleadchips todetachfromaprojectileand ofleadtobe transferred deep into the muscle tissue is variable and unpredictable. Frictional resistance is the most important factor for potential detachment of lead chips, while pressure resistance plays a major role in lead transfer into the tissues. Conclusions: Each shot should be considered as an unpredictable and individual phenomenon. Diverse levels of lead will always be detected in the muscles of game birds shot with lead pellets.
GAME BIRD SHOOTING WITH LEAD PELLETS AS THE CAUSE OF LEAD IN MUSCLE TISSUES M. Felsmann *, J. Szarek y, M.Z. Felsmann y and A. Szarek-Be˛skaz *Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, yDepartment of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and zVeterinary Practice ‘Pulsar’ in Olsztyn, Poland Introduction: Game birds are usually shot with lead pellet ammunition (an average lead cartridge contains approximately 200 lead balls). As a result, the allowable level of lead in the muscle tissue of game birds is often exceeded and this metal is introduced to the environment as small pellets. Materials and Methods: A literature analysis of game bird hunting was performed with special attention paid to hunting with lead projectiles. Twenty-one publications discussing the levels of lead in the muscle tissue of game birds were analyzed, with special emphasis on the biology of birds, their economic importance, methods of shooting and risks to people consuming game bird meat. Results: The literature demonstrates that many birds receive wounds resulting from shooting and pellets set (most often) in muscles release lead and cause lead intoxication. The levels of this metal in game bird meats often exceed the standards for raw meat materials originating from commercial production. In the literature, there were 13 cases in which the levels were higher than allowed by the standards (0.01e130.00 mg/kg wet mass). In addition, many authors indicate that free-living birds swallow pellets as gastroliths, which also results in the intoxication. By disturbing the nervous system, lead interferes with seasonal migration and exposes such animals to attacks by predators. Conclusions: Game bird meat obtained by shooting with lead ammunition presents a risk to human health.
MAMMARY ADENOMYOEPITHELIOMA IN A RING-TAILED LEMUR (LEMUR CATTA): GROSS, MICROSCOPICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES. A. Su arez-Bonnet *, P. Herr aez *, E. Rodrıguez Grau-Bassas y, A. Perera Molinero z, A. Chivite z and A. Espinosa de los Monteros* *Unit of Histology and Animal Pathology, yUnit of Comparative Oncology, Surgery and Radiology, Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and zHospital Universitario Nuestra Se~nora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain Introduction: Mammary neoplasms in non-human primates are rare with few cases reported in the literature. Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) are originally from Madagascar and in this species only two cases of mammary tumours have been reported. Materials and Methods: In November 2014, two surgical mastectomy specimens from a 20-year-old female ring-tailed lemur were submitted to the Veterinary Anatomopathologic Diagnostic Service, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Results: Grossly, both mammary glands were enlarged (8.2 3.5 6.2 cm; 3.5 2.8 4.7 cm) and the cut surfaces were multinodular with foci of haemorrhage and necrosis. The largest mammary gland was focally ulcerated. Histologically, both lesions consisted of a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated, moderately cellular, expansive neoplastic proliferation arising from the epithelial and myoepithelial cell layers. Tumour cells formed well-differentiated papillary projections supported by a scant to moderate fibrovascular stroma. Cellular atypia was mild and mitoses were 2e20 per HPF. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of AE1AE3, CK7, CK14, CK5+8, OR, vimentin and 14-3-3 sigma protein. HercepTestTM and PR were negative and expression of Ki67 revealed a low cell proliferation index. After 6 months the patient is still alive without any clinical signs related to neoplastic disease. Conclusions: Histological characteristics and inmunohistochemical profile supported the diagnosis of mammary adenomyoepithelioma. This is the first description of a mammary myoepithelioma and the first immunohistochemical analysis of a naturally occurring mammary tumour in this species.