Report of Education Committee, American Association of Orthodontists, 1958

Reports REPORT OF EDUCATION COMMITTEE, ASSOCIATION OF ORTHODONTISTS,

T

HIS year the Committee has continued under Dr. Tarpley’s chairmanship.

AMERICAN 1958

the p1a.n established

la.st year

1. A survey was made in conjunction with the Council on Dental Education of the graduate and postgraduate (long-term) orthodontic training programs in this country. The results of that survey are attached (Tables I to VIII). 2. This year a similar survey of undergraduate orthodontic programs was made. The results of that survey are attached to this report. 3. It is proposed that this committee shall undertake next year to determine all the short courses in orthodontics offered to the profession. Such a list, giving sponsor, time, location, content, eligibility, and tuition, would be of use both to this Association and to the Council on Dental Education. 4. The meeting at New Orleans last year made evident to this Committee the intensity of feelings which individual members of the Association hold TABLE I.

SURVEY OF GRADUATE ORTHODONTICPROGRAMS STAFF STAFF MEMBERS ORTHODONTISTS

I OR.THODONT

Alabama Illinois Loyola (Chicago) Northwestern Indiana Iowa Tufts Michigan Minnesota St. Louis Washington (St. Louis) Kansas City Nebraska Eastman North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Washington (Seattle) N.A.

=

Not

I

NOT

pgi.~ToTAL~~~-~~ FULLTIME EQITIVALENT

FULLTIME

PARTTIME

x

%

i.6

0

0

0

ET

14 5

:: I

2 14 4

21

40

0

1 6 11

:, 0 0

i: 0 0

ii

08 0 0

3

/ TOTAL

SCHOOL

‘ISTS ON t:STAFF

5

f

14 3 11 ii 3 5 5 5 6 4 9

2 f 0 0 :, 1 3 0 0

1 1

2 11 8 5 3 4 2

ii

answere~l.

296

2.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 t.5 3 1

2 3

2 N.A. 2 2.1

0 0

12 2 0 31 6 0 0 0

24. 0”

0

0 :,

i 0

N.A. 0

Varies 2 0 2 1

0.6 0

1.5 0.16

6 II 0 0 0

N.A. 0

N.A. 0

N.A.

Pittsburgh Washington

Pennsylvania

=

Not

answered.

(Seattle)

Grad. Sch. of Med. Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

No N.A. Yes

Washington Kansas City Nebraska

Eastman North Carolina Ohio

Yes Yes Yes

Michigan Minnesota St. Louis

Louis)

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Illinois Loyola (Chicago) Northwestern Indiana Iowa Tufts

(St.

Yes

YES OR NO

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes No

N.A. Yes

Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes No

No

NO)

ENTIRE COURSE (YES OR

REGISTERED WITH DEPARTME

Alabama

SCHOOL

I

II.

SURVEY

-

After 2 qtr. postgrad. -

-

N.A. -

-

Working f.or degree -

-

After 1st semester 4th qtr. -

IF NOT, WHEN

GRADUATE NT

TABLE

ORTHODONTIC

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes N.A. Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

REGULAR GRADUATE REQUIREMENTS

No No No

No No No

KS.

Yes No

No

Preferred No No

For

Yes No No No No

No

BACHELOR ‘8 DEGREE

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

PROGRAM

OF GRADUATE

-

10-12 10

10

1;

5

6 11 3+

10 10

10

1:

5

5 11 3

15 8 11

i 10

64 10 15 12 12

9 124

2

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED

10 1:

4

POTENTIAL ENROLLMENT

PROGRAMS

I

mo. 6 qtr.

2 yr.

I6

21 mo. 8 qtr. 4 sem. & 2 summers 6 qtr. 4 sem. 3 sem. & 1 summer 4l/2 sem. 4 sem. 6 qtr.

qtr. yr. qtr. scm. 3% sem. 3 sem.

3 2 5 4

6 sem.

LENGTH OF PROGRAM

N.S.

DEGREE

M.Sc.(Dent.) D.Sc.(Dent.) N.S. N.S.

E:

M.S.D. N.S.

M.S. N.S. M.S.

N.S. M.S.D.

N.S. N.S. N.S.D., MS., N.R.D., N.S. N.S. N.S., M.S.D.

I

Ph.D.

City

N.A.

Pittsburgh Washington

Ohio Pennsylvania

=

Nebraska Eastman North Carolina

Kansas

Minnesota St. Louis Washington

Michigan

Iowa Tufts

Louis)

Not

answered

(Seattle)

(St.

800 (1st 600 420 411

1281 clock 1000 400 N.A.

363 4 hr./day -

304

N.A. 660 15 hr. week 500 600

25 20 10-12 7

half)

20-22 25 40

12

-

157

8

30 15 week 40 10

-

-

Illinois

Loyola (Chicago) Northwestern Indiana

25

PATIENTS

560

HOURS

Alabama

SCHOOL

1STYEAR

4

ORTHODONTIC

CLINICAL

784

HOIJRS

(2nd 990 560 639

1105 clock 680 400 N.A.

484 hr./day -

30 25 12-15

varies half)

20-27 25 40

18

2: -

17

40 12-18

260 700 576

30 15

440 20 hr.

21

PATIENTS 45 .-

2NDYEAR

-

784

HOURS

-

-

-

-

-

60 Chiefly

-

30 25 100

47

9”: 40

86 100

40

N.A. 50 98

90

-

10

60

::

PRACTICE

ORTHODONTIC

j TIENTS "-

3RDYEAR

OF GRADUATE

SURVEY

EXPERIENCE

III.

4th, 5th, 6th qtr.

TABLE

___.

0 0 0

0

0 0 0

0

3 0

0 0

0

0

j

Lab.

zg

34 45 0

12

35

20

35 only

0 0

0

20

TECHNIQUE

0 Occasionally 0

35 0

0

4550

1 L$%L

(PERCENT)-

REMOVABLE

Andresen Headgear

McCoy Misc.

2

15 2

Crozat 20 Andresen O-2 Headgear O-3 Headcap 10

1

34 30 0

41

25

i

0

0 of

5 various

2 0 Bite plates, lingual arch, heavy labial arches used as auxiliarica

Crozat

Plates types

Acrylics

Misc. 20 Headcap 20 Andresen I 0 0 14 0 0 Covered in lectures i0 (twin wire & Crozat 5 labiolingual) Multiband 25 Multiphase (utilizes all techniques)

1 Uy:?-

PROGRAMS

a3 Y+ r-9 z.5 7% Z? *=-

g m

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Tufts Michigan

Minnesota

St. Louis

Washington Kansas City

(Seattle)

N.A.

= Not

answered.

Yes Yes Yes

Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Washington

Yes

North Yes

Yes

Eastman

Ohio

Yes

Nebraska

Carolina

N.A. Yes Yes

Loyola (Chicago) Northwestern Indiana

Louis)

Yes

Illinois

(St.

Yes

RESEARCH REQUIRED?

Alabama

SCHOOL

.~

IV.

AREAS

SGRVEY

or basic

related

related approved

related

related

growth, anatomy

Growth and development, Any related field Any basic science or

N.A.

or minor

head

dental

field

diagnosis

histology,

physiology,

field by department

field

to major

Growth and development, iology, and anatomy Any related field

Cephalimetrics, pathology,

Any Any

Any

Any

phys-

speech

or

I

PROGRAMS

2nd

3rd

hr.

(est.)

N.A. 6-8 credits 264 plus

N.A.

200

20 hours

Not specified S sem. hr., 128 clock hr. 6-10 curriculum hours

N.A.

500

years

hours

18 mo., 3 hr./week 2 sem. hr. credit

150 hours 80 plus clock

year

and

RESEARCHTIME

$5 2nd

lh

ORTHODOXTIC

sciences

basic

RESEARCH

OF GRADUATE

Basic science, cephalometrics, orthodontics Cephalometrics, dental materials, other areas approved by graduate committee Any of interest to orthodontics Any related field

Clinical orthodontics or allied sciences Any area in orthodontics

TABLE

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yrs scs

Yes

PCS

FACULTY RESEARCH

525.00 930.00 1,550.OO 900.00 300.00 495.00

900.00 1,800.OO

250.00

120.00 240.00

750.00 400.00

300.00 630.00 20.00

675.00 256.00 380.00 1.000.00 220.00 385.00

50.00 167.00

f resident) (nonresident) 16 months (resident) (nonresident) (course) (course) (resident) (nonresident)

(resident) (nonresident) per semester

(resident) (nonresident) per semester (resident) (nonresident) per acad. hr., 30 hr. minimum

(resident) (nonresident)

(resident) (nonresident) per qtr.

TCITIONPERYEAR

$1.000.00

35 Em 4-p

5;

300 V.

TABLE

HUKVEV

OF POSTGRADUATE STAFF

ORTHOUOSTIC

PROGRAMS --

ORTlIOUONTIS1'S

TOTAL

~ ;J-

STAFF MEMBERS ORTHODONTISTS

OS STAFF

1 PAA-

' Eg-

TOTI1l:

~ ;I&

i g;;

NOT

1 Es-

SCHOOL

Alabama Emory Illinois Tufts Columbia New York Huff al0 Ohio Washington Iowa Texas Harvard N..L

5

1 Partial 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2

6 1’; 41 5” 9 3 3 3

(Seattle)

=

Not

4 reply 6 6 9 40

3 2. 6 4 5

: 8 1

1 2 2.1 2.2

3

1

0

0

0

0

0 12 1 0 1 0 0 0

0

0 Varies 0 0 6 0 0 0

0

z 0 0

2

N.A.

1 0 1 0 :

3

0

1 0

answered.

with regard to education for orthodontic practice. It was felt that the Education Committee could take a leading role in studying this problem so that all the facts pertaining to the training of specialists in orthodontics might be better understood by members of the association. The W. K. Kellogg Foundation Institute of the University of Michigan is sponsoring a Workshop in Orthodontics to be held June 15 to 21, 1958. Several of the study groups of that workshop pertain directly to the task of this Committee. An outline of the workshop is attached to this report (Table IX). The Education Committee has served in an advisory way to see that Study Group I (Educating the Undergraduate in Orthodontics) and Study Group II (Education for Xpecialization in Orthodontics) were planned to best serve this Association. For example, Study Group II will spend the week studying current graduate, long-term postgraduate, and preceptorship programs. Members of the Association will take leading roles in these discussions. For example, Stephen Hopkins will read a paper entitled “The Goals TABLE

VI.

SURVEY

OF POSTGRADUATE

ORTHODONTIC

PROGRAMS

PROGRAM

SCHOOL

POTENTIAL ENROLLMENT

1

PRESENT ENROLLMENT

Alabama Emory Illinois Tufts Columbia

4 4 10 10 ”2

10 10 22

New York Buffalo Ohio Washington

88 10 15 10

‘in 5 15 N.L\.

(Seattle) (grad.

and

postgrad.

(grad.

and’postgrad.)

1 owa Texas Harvard

6 N.A.

=

Not

answered.

3

LENGTH OF PROGRAM

4 semesters 3 3 3 16 4 3 0 6

quarters semesters semesters months years semestc’rs quarters quarters

CERTIFICATE

Yes Yes YCS YCS YCS

Yes Yes Yes Yw

j I

31/2 semesters

Tcs

2 3 ---

24 months 3 years

Yes

=

(Seattle)

N.A.

Ohio Washington Iowa Texas Harvard

Kot

answered.

35-40

74 wk. lT02 hr. 847 411 500 N.A. 30%

Buffalo

12

210

New

York

480

Columbia

SURVEY

25 12-15 40 20-30

40%

20-30

-

18

1R

12-618

30-60s

-

-

-

20-30

-

-

-

20

-

-

288

-

-

PATIENTS

3RDYEAR

-

-

-

-

-

-

0

47 100 60

20

0

12

90 Chiefly 25

I

PROGRAMS

-

-

288

-

HOURS

-

ORTHODONTIC

EXPERIENCE

OF POSTGRADUATE CLINICAL

HOURS

____

1

PRACTICE

825 639 260

-

288

480

‘198 700

VII.

25 7 40

17

276 600

Illinois Tufts

12-156

N.A.

Emory

Alabama

SCHOOL

I

TABLE

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

60

35

20

0

41

40

40

Occasionally 25

25

0

12

CENT)

LABIOLINGUAL

(PER

0

“5

Lab.

mcHiw.2

REMOVABLE

10

Crozat

Andresen

0

20

2

Removable 5 Extraoral force 20 Rimple heavy labial arch mire and bite plates 100 0

Headcap Headgear

Crozat 20 Andresen O-2 Headgear O-3

=

answered.

Yes

(term

Yes

New

Yes

Harvard

Not

N.A.

Texas

N.A.

No

Washington

Yes paper)

No

Ohio

Iowa

No

Buff alo

York

Columbia

(Seattle)

to

orthodontics

Basic

Any

N.A.

Any

sciences,

related

related

Cephalometric Habit control Growth and

Unlimited

clinical

area

subject

development

research

research

required

-.-

None

No

50%

allotted

N.A.

definite

288

400

16 mo. 3 hr. per week

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

None

256.00 380.00

300.00 495.00

501.00

125.00

1,210.oo

600.00

N.A.

interest

TUITION $1,000.00

Kansas

of

Yes

FACULTY RESEARCH

1.000.00

subject

1 /

Yes

ALLOTTED

Tufts

TIME

50.00 167.00 Any

I )

PROGRAMS

No

AREAS

ORTHODONTIC

N.A.

---~-.

h--

RESEARCH

POSTGRADUATE

Illinois

City

I 1

OF

Emory

REQUIRED

--

SURVEY

No

SCHOOI~

I

VIII.

Alabama

~___

TABLE

semester

(resident) (nonresident)

(resident) (nonresident)

per

(resident) (nonresident per qtr.

PER YEAR

‘1

BEPORTS TABLE

IX.

OUTLINE

OF MICHIGAN

WORKSHOP

IN ORTHODONTICS

-

Purpose and Plan of the Workshop Graduate and Postgraduate Dentistry preThe W. K. Kellogg Foundation Institute: sents each year a variety of courses in continuing professional education for dentists and dental hygienists. These courses have included one-day-a-week, one-week, two-week, and extension programs, sponsorship of academy and seminar meetings, workshops, full-time postgraduate programs, and full-time graduate programs in eighteen fields. This workshop in orthodontics will attempt to appraise critically the role of orthoThe workshop technique will be used to bring leaders in dontics as a dental health service. dentistry face to face with current problems in orthodontics: education, research, practice, etc. Specially prepared critical lectures will be presented in the mornings by outstandThe afternoon sessions will be devoted to small-group ing men in this and related fields. discussions, evaluation of material presented by the morning lecturers, and careful review It is expected that by the end of the week each study group will of library information. have achieved a set of conclusions which will summarize the available knowledge and present problems in the area assigned. These conclusions will be presented by the moderators of the seven study groups to the entire workshop on Saturday morning. I.

st t6ay Groups “Educating the Undergraduate in Orthodontics” (Harold General Considerations : 1. Should orthodontics be taught on the undergraduate 2. Responsibility of general dentist for developmental 3. Relationship and responsibility of orthodontist tions. 4. Allocation of time and position of orthodontic graduate program. Specific 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

II.

III,

IV.

Noyes, level B problems. in general training

Moderator)

dental in

general

consideraunder-

Considerations : Aim and objectives of orthodontic instruction. Subject matter in general. Outline of course. Lecture outlines. Laboratory requirements. Clinic requirements. Supplement,ary study group and seminar needs. Correlation and timing of instruction. Assessment of accomplishment.

“Educating the Specialist This study group long-term postgraduate instance study should stitution, etc. Study of such courses as well to discuss such matters evaluating and certifying ber of opportunities for

in Orthodontics” (Faustin Weber, moderator) has as its primary function three areas: (1) graduate and courses, (2) preceptorships, and (3) short courses. In each be made of the content, purpose, instructions, sponsoring inshould be given, too, to the availability, number, and need as the number of aspirants. The study group may be forced as geographic distribution of training facilities, ways of courses, cost, and possible methods of increasing the numtraining.

“The

General Practitioner and Orthodontics” (Kenneth Easlick, moderator) The aim of the study group on orthodontic education of the dental practitioner is to determine the means of communication between the orthodontist and the praeticing dentist. The areas which would seem necessary to investigate are (1) literature, (2) dental society meetings, (3) television or telephone programs, (4) short courses, either university or individual, and (5) study clubs.

“Research” (Wendell Wylie, moderator) The reesarch-evaluating study group has as its aim the collation of current It would appear that some of the research and future trends in orthodontic records. problems which need investigation are (1) a classification of facial morphology, (2) the prediction of growth patterns., (3) orthodontic materials, (4) histologic studies of tooth movement, (5) research into clinical procedures, (6) the physiology of the oral cavity, and (7) the inheritance of malocclusion. This study group may discuss also the training of personnel for research and methods of financing orthodontic researcn. (Continued on neet pagel

___~~‘;nz~--th~u;e~d-thodontic Services” (-J. A. Salzmann, moderator) The tlemand for orthodontic services is becomine n.3 ereater than the arofussion’s I ability to meet the public’s wishes. Study Group V should study such problems as (I) the epidemiology of malocclusion, (2) use of auxiliary personnel to increase number of patients, (3) value of interception and early treatment necesqary, (4) methods of stimulating other dentists to carry out their prophylactic orthodontic responsibilities, (5) t’ lme analyses of various methods of treatment, (6) the allor-none attitude toward treatment, (7) social and public health orthodontics, (8) the geographic distribution of orthodontists, and (9) the demand for orthodontic s’ervices versus the epidemiology of malocclusion. “Relationship of Orthodontics to Other Health Services” (Maynard Hine, moderator) Because there is a flow of patients and responsibilities among all fields of health service, this study group should examine in detail the role of orthodontics in such problems as (1) cleft palate rehabilitation, (2) orthodontic-pedodontic relations, (3) orthodontic-oral surgery relations, (4) orthodontic-medical relations, (5) orthodonticperiodontic relations, (6) orthodontic-general practitioner relations, and (7) t,he ortho. dentist as a member of an institutional staff. “Practice

Management” (C. Edward Martinek, moderator) The objective of the study group is to consider practice management that will be beneficial to the orthodontist, his profession, his patients, and the public. This group will endeavor to delineate some of the basic problems relative to developing a new practice in orthodontics and to proper management of an existing enc. ConszLltants atid Eeader,s of Formal Papers Edward Cheney Stephen Hopkins *Jack Pelton Alton Moore P. G. Anderson L. B. Higley Shailer Peterson Jor Peak Sam Pruzanskj Frank Bowyer Ernest Hixon Ralph Campbell Lowrie Porter Frank Popovich Mel Cohen Tom Graber Robert, Grainger .. ~Ol~N~11~

ON DENTAL E;IB~~(~ATION, AAIERKTAN I~ENTAL SIJRVEY OY UNUERGRALWATE ORT~OWNTICS Rzcmmary

of

‘4ima

IS the

~ndelyJ~~duate

undergraduate

a. __-under the dental II. ____ provided of the dental

Orthodontic

instruction

in orthodontics and of

37 3 - 3 43 Irrespective any of the instruction

43 43 32 41

a. b. c. d.

42 e.

the

numbers item

supervision

instruction

scl~ools checked schools checked schools checked total replies

of how the undergraduate following which are regarded in your school : The each

Roqxonses /

I~nstluction

the administration sehoolB as a part schoolB

of

ASSOCIATION

instruction as basic of

are

schools indicated

of offered

a ‘Department by one or more

of

Orthodontics

other

of

departments

a 71 both in orthodontics is supervised, check objectives for undergraduate orthodontic which to

checked the left.

Learn the fundamentals of craniofacial growth. Learn the fundamentals of the development of occlusion. Learn the preparation of casts and the construction of Learn discrimination in the selection of malocclusions preventive) treatment. Learn about interceptive technics.

some orthodontic for interceptive

appliances. (guiding or

Volume 45

REPORTS

Number 4

30 f. 27 g. 15 h. 17 i.

305

Gain clinical experience in interceptive orthodontics. Learn about corrective (as diff’erentiated from interceptive, orthodontics. Gain some clinical experience in corrective orthodontics. Other.

guiding

or preventive)

2. Lectures a. Number

of hours

Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Total b. What are the

of lectures

principal

Number having

subjects

discussed

in each

Average No. of hours 11 22 27 21 49

of schools lectures 6 20 34 31 42

year9

by Committee Chairman: A wide variety of subjects are the guise of undergraduate orthodontics. The teachers, in answering provide many pages of comments about each school’s individual program.) (Comment

discussed under this question,

3. Laboratory a. Number of hours of orthodontic ratory instruction for each student Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Total b. What technics are taught?

labo-

by Committee Chairman: in interceptive orthodontics.)

Most

(Comment

used c.

4.

Which of the preceding technics are students (CommcJnt by Committee Chairman: Almost the appliances which have been taught. )

Number having

schools

of schools laboratory 4 15 18 2 31 confine

their

required to dot all schools require

Average No. of hours 21 36 49 :: technics

the students

to appliances

to coustruct

Clinic

number of experience

a. Total

clinical

hours of orthodontic for each student

Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Total

Number of schools having clinical experience 1 1: :;

b. Number of hours of clinical orthodontic demonstrations for each student Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Total

Number of schools Iraving demonstrations 1 5 14 18 21

c. Number managing

Number of schools having student manage own patients 0 0 5 10 10 Number of schools reporting 20 12

of

hours spent by each his own orthodontic

student patients

Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Total d. Average For For

number

study and treatment

of

patients

observation

per

student

Average No. of hours 3 7 28 31 48 Average No. of hours 1 3 12 15 21 Average No. of hours 0 0 34 33 50 Average No. of patients 10 2

5. I!‘r~nlw~fio~~,of t/r? Fndergraductlp a. IIow above

:\n,. .I Orthodontic>

KIWORTS

:Hl6 well do you think your a very WC11 -------. Satisfactory in some areas Poorly --_---__ . 25 15 0 3 43 b. What are orthodontics?

the

chief

O,tlrodontl:c school is

only

April.1959

P~o,pwn meeting the

________

to meeting

your

and

objectives

listc4

in

( 1)

.

schools checked very well schools, satisfactory in some schools checked poorly did not answer total replies

obstacles

aims

own

areas

aims

only

and

objectives

in undergraduate

(Com.ment by Committee Chairman, : The greatest obstacle to achieving the aims desired by the orthodontic staff is that, of insufficient time in the undergraduate program. Other items mentioned frequently mere clinical facilities, money, and the need for fulltime teachers of orthodontics.) c. Arc any orthodontic matters taught in other departments’i If so, what and where? In many schools space maintenance is taught in (Comment by Committee Chairman: the Pedodontic, Department. In several others some tooth movement procedures arc taught by the Periodontic and Crown and Bridge Departments.) d. Do you use a textbook --__-or printed notes -----other -_---_ B 29 schools indicated that they use a textbook 23 schools indicated printed or mimeographed notes 6 schools indicated other devices including visual aids and journal articles e. Othw remarks and comments that you feel are pertinent.

of Preceptorship in Orthodontics,” and T. M. Graber will read a paper entitled “The Goals of Graduate Education in Orthodontics.” This study group will attempt to outline an ideal graduate program and a model preceptorship program. Invitations have been extended to all the schools and to the admissions committee members of each component society, since they are most interested in this matter. The Education Committee feels that careful study of all aspects of the problem by members of the Association is likely to be more fruitful than further .such unfortunate experiences as last year. 5. The Education Committee has selected the leaders for Study Groups 1 and II to ensure that the several viewpoints are well represented. We propose to pay the expenses of the leaders of these two study groups from our budget and ask that sufficient funds bc set amsidenext year for that purpose. WC have purposely not spent money this year in order that a like amount might be available next year. 6. Several dental schools are starting graduate training programs in orthodontics. WC propose to place the Education Committee at the service Aft,er the rcof any school who might desire liaison with the Association. sults of the workshop arc published, it, is hoped that even more schools will undertake to begin graduate training programs. Respectfully

submitted,

BOYD TARPLEY ED. FORREST ROBERT E. MOYERS,

Chairman.