- Email: [email protected]
Research on the Performance Evaluation of University Library in Tianjin
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
IACEED2010
Research on the Performance Evaluation of University Library in Tianjin Hou Xiaomeia* Library of Tianjin University of Finance & Economics, Tianjin 300222, China
Abstract˖ ˖ Build the Library Evaluation Index System of the universities in Tianjin. This paper describes the principal factors which needs to be considered of the build of University Library in Tianjin through the structure of Social, economic , service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. These Indicators of the index weight of the actual and reasonable, and it evaluated the overall efficiency of the library with the establishment of the model of GEM .
© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS Keywords: University libraries; Benefits; evaluation˗GEM model
1. Introduction University library benefit refers to the benefits and results which are produced along with University lib rary service. System analysis and comprehensive evaluation of university library b enefit are beneficial for university library to position itself accurately, improve wo rkflo w and achieve a virtuous circle. Although there are many universities in Tianjin and every library’s book collection is much, but the amount of collect ion is not the same in every library and there are also big differences between discipline’s emphases of every library. So it is necessary and realistic to do research on Tianjin university [1-6] library benefit evaluation . Analytic Hierarchy Process has been put forward by T.L. Saaty at 1970s. It is an analysis method which is systematic, hierarchical and co mbined qualitative and quantitative together. Because of its practical and effectiveness in complex decision problem p rocessing, now it is applied in many areas like economic management, energy distribution, military co mmand and environ mental protection. This art icle applies AHP to evaluate Tianjin university lib rary benefit, get the main factors which influence the
* Corresponding author. Tel.: 81136421. E-mail address: [email protected]
1876–6102 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.201
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
benefit much and make explanation of these factors
[7-11]
.
2. The application of AHP in Tianjin university library benefit evaluation 2.1. Built hierarchical structure AHP takes decision problem as a system wh ich is influenced by many factors. These related factors can been divided into several layers in the order o f high and low levels based on the relationship of affiliation. Then the decision problem co mes to an evaluation system with mult i-level structure. Experts are needed to make objective judgment on every factor of each layer, and qualified the related impotence. The next step is to build the math model which is used to calculate the weight of related impo rtance of all factors in the same layer. After calculat ion and ranking, what needs to do is to make decision and select problem solution based on the ranking results. The principle of AHP can be divided into four steps: (1) Build systemic structure with progressive levels. While facing a co mp lex problem, what we need s to do first is to simplify and abstract this problem. Reconstruct relationship model to be a structure with progressive layers. The factors are reorganized based on their own dominance relationship. Every factor dominate some low layer factors and also been dominated by some high layer factors. Layers can be divided into target layer, rule layer and index layer with the characters of systemic, science, purpose and operability. (2) Build judge matrix o f every two factors ’ co mparison. Usually people take 1 to 9 scaling method of Saaty to make judgment. (3) First ranking and consistency test. Eigen value needs to been done first, then judge matrix may need to modify if it hasn’t pass the consistence test. (4) Final consistency test and weight determination. The whole matrix also needs to modify if the final consistency hasn’t passed. After field investigation and concrete analysis, This paper describes the principal factors through the structure of Social, econo mic, service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. The hierarchical structure is shown in fig1.
1149
1150
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
Fig1.T he hierarchical structure
2.2. Tectonic binary comparison of judgment matrix After calculate characteristic root and weight of judgment matrix: A-B, B1-C, B2-C and B3-C, we also pass the consistency inspection. The results are shown in table1. Table1 Rule laye r
B1
B2
B3
0.2648
0.0796
0.6555
Inde x laye r
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Index we ight 0.2648 0.0796
0.6555 0.0622
0.2671
0.5628 0.1079 0.539 0.2973 0.1638 0.0418 0.0702
Total we ights 0.0165 0.0707
0.149
0.0429
0.0237 0.013 0.0274 0.046 0.1866 0.3211 0.0745
0.0286
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11 C12
The results show that book circulat ion rate is the most important index, its proportion is 0.3211. The secondary important index is collect ion utilizat ion with proportion of 0.1866. Scientific research function also has the proportion of 0.1490 and reader number’s proportion is 0.0745. 2.3. Result and analysis Fro m the total weights, we can find that four indexes including book circu lation rate, collection utilizat ion, and scientific research function and reader number are the key indexes which take the 73.12% of the total weights. It shows that these four indexes are really very important to efficiency imp roving. Trough analysis we also find that they also has practical significance. Book circulation rate is a comprehensive indicator which can not only evaluate library’s co mprehensive quality correctly but also reflect one library’s quality of service. High circulat ion rate means high collection utilization, more readers and big in fluence to help people improve their abilities of research and study. The higher book circulat ion the higher level of co llege’s co mp rehensive quality and research level will be and it is also good for college to improve its visibility. Collection utilizat ion is another useful index because it can reflect how well university develops in some particu lar area. Take an examp le, if the economic collection utilizat ion is high in one lib rary, it shows that this area in university develops quickly. Scientific research function and reader number are also affect the library’s benefit in the same way. Library is considered as a knowledge material reserve center and it is also considered as a main channel for scientific research institutions to gain knowledge and information. Library p lays an improving role for scientific research; it is the main reason why college should vigorously develop libraries. These four indexes are also the four main functions of a lib rary, so it has strong realistic significance to apply AHP to evaluate the lib rary’s benefit. 3. Tianjin university library benefit evaluation at present based on GEM model. 3.1. GEM model introduction GEM model co mes fro m Poter’s ‘Diamond Model’ and it is main ly used in the benefit or co mpetit ive ability evaluation in corporation and market. Its principle is: first, confirm six main factors (3 couples) which are resources and facilities, supplier's related au xiliary industry and the main structure, strategy and competition, the local market and external markets ; second, give six factors assignments with the score of
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
1 to 10; third, calcu late every couple’s score and get average; finally, solve the linear score. The expression is 3
GEM
2.5 ( D2i 1 D2i )2/3 , i 1
and 250 means the level of average, 1000 is the highest score. 3.2. The application of GEM model on Tianjin university library benefit evaluation Based on the AHP model, we have already got the score of every index. So we just need to classify these indexes and make some conversion in order to eliminate the effect of subjective factor. After calcu lation we get that the score of GEM model on Tianjin university library benefit evaluation is 123.37. This score doesn’t reach the average score which is 250. It also shows that Tianjin university lib rary benefit is not good, there are many aspects to been imp roved for Tian jin university library and it also has the potential. Such condition is the actual situation which warns us to pay more attention on it. This level of Tianjin university library benefit doesn’t match the requirements of higher education and the national literacy improved. What we need to do now is not only try to improve the h igh weight indexes like book circulation rate and collection utilizat ion but also pay more attention to those low weight indexes such as publicity and emp loyee wages. It can be rapid response to improved weak links. In the actual conditions, there is no lib rary has a high reputation and many libraries are used as logistic guarantees to support daily research and study. Strengthen administrative measures and increase the investment of some library is feasible to enhance the publicity, and it will imp rove the whole library’s benefit too. The score of emp loyee wages index is only 0.013 and it is true that the level of employee wages doesn’t match the level o f libraries ’ developing. Emp loyee wages is another aspect to get rapid response because the level of wages is the most important factor to imp rove staff work enthusiasm and the service quality will be better with wages increased. 4. Results It is necessary for library’s healthy and continual develop ment to build a scientific index system of university library benefit evaluation. This paper describes the principal factors which is need to be considered of the build of Un iversity Library in Tian jin through the structure of Social, econo mic , service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. We make a preliminary analysis after consistency inspection and pick four important indexes. Then we apply GEM model to evaluate Tianjin university library benefit at present, point out the weak links and indexes need to been priority developed. We provide important reference opinions to comprehensive benefit evaluation of university library.
References
1151
1152
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
[1] T an Yuejin, Quantitative analysis method[M]. Renmin university of China publishing house, 2003 [2] Chen Jianfen, Build the index system of libraries’ compressive benefit evaluation. China Econnmist, 2005 ˈ(7)˖252-253. [3] Sun Xiaoya, University library supplier evaluation based on AHP and fuzzy evaluation, Modern Information, 2007ˈ(8)˖ 149-151. [4] CHEN Ru-yun; FU Bao-long, Application of AHP in Co llege Library Informat ion Management Level Evaluation, Science T echnology and Engineering, 2007ˈ7(17)˖4425-4432. [5] Yang Na, Human resource evaluation based on AHP, Chinese management and informationization, 10(10) ˖49-51. [6] Bao Guoxian, Ren Shike, Enterprise technology innovation risk assessment and decision-making based on FAHP, Science and T echnology Management Research, 2010ˈ1.˖1-3 [7] LI Wen-huaGUO Jun-peng, Interval Weights and Consistency Check of Judgment Matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Systems Engineering-Theory Methodology Application, 2004ˈ12: 531-542. [8] Su Weihua, Multi-index synthetic evaluation theory and method problem research, 84-100 [9] GONG Jing-hui; JI Cheng-jun; ZOU Hui-yuan, The Study on the Liaoning Magesia Material Industry Clusters Competitiveness by the GEM Model, Science T echnology and Industry, 2007,(11) . [10]Graham Hooley, John Fahy, Tony Cox,et al. Marketing capabilities and firm performance: a hierarchical model [J]. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 1999,4( 3 ): 259-278. [11] Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh. The unified software develoment process [M]. BeiJin g:China Machine Press,2002.112.
Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
IACEED2010
Research on the Performance Evaluation of University Library in Tianjin Hou Xiaomeia* Library of Tianjin University of Finance & Economics, Tianjin 300222, China
Abstract˖ ˖ Build the Library Evaluation Index System of the universities in Tianjin. This paper describes the principal factors which needs to be considered of the build of University Library in Tianjin through the structure of Social, economic , service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. These Indicators of the index weight of the actual and reasonable, and it evaluated the overall efficiency of the library with the establishment of the model of GEM .
© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS Keywords: University libraries; Benefits; evaluation˗GEM model
1. Introduction University library benefit refers to the benefits and results which are produced along with University lib rary service. System analysis and comprehensive evaluation of university library b enefit are beneficial for university library to position itself accurately, improve wo rkflo w and achieve a virtuous circle. Although there are many universities in Tianjin and every library’s book collection is much, but the amount of collect ion is not the same in every library and there are also big differences between discipline’s emphases of every library. So it is necessary and realistic to do research on Tianjin university [1-6] library benefit evaluation . Analytic Hierarchy Process has been put forward by T.L. Saaty at 1970s. It is an analysis method which is systematic, hierarchical and co mbined qualitative and quantitative together. Because of its practical and effectiveness in complex decision problem p rocessing, now it is applied in many areas like economic management, energy distribution, military co mmand and environ mental protection. This art icle applies AHP to evaluate Tianjin university lib rary benefit, get the main factors which influence the
* Corresponding author. Tel.: 81136421. E-mail address: [email protected]
1876–6102 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.201
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
benefit much and make explanation of these factors
[7-11]
.
2. The application of AHP in Tianjin university library benefit evaluation 2.1. Built hierarchical structure AHP takes decision problem as a system wh ich is influenced by many factors. These related factors can been divided into several layers in the order o f high and low levels based on the relationship of affiliation. Then the decision problem co mes to an evaluation system with mult i-level structure. Experts are needed to make objective judgment on every factor of each layer, and qualified the related impotence. The next step is to build the math model which is used to calculate the weight of related impo rtance of all factors in the same layer. After calculat ion and ranking, what needs to do is to make decision and select problem solution based on the ranking results. The principle of AHP can be divided into four steps: (1) Build systemic structure with progressive levels. While facing a co mp lex problem, what we need s to do first is to simplify and abstract this problem. Reconstruct relationship model to be a structure with progressive layers. The factors are reorganized based on their own dominance relationship. Every factor dominate some low layer factors and also been dominated by some high layer factors. Layers can be divided into target layer, rule layer and index layer with the characters of systemic, science, purpose and operability. (2) Build judge matrix o f every two factors ’ co mparison. Usually people take 1 to 9 scaling method of Saaty to make judgment. (3) First ranking and consistency test. Eigen value needs to been done first, then judge matrix may need to modify if it hasn’t pass the consistence test. (4) Final consistency test and weight determination. The whole matrix also needs to modify if the final consistency hasn’t passed. After field investigation and concrete analysis, This paper describes the principal factors through the structure of Social, econo mic, service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. The hierarchical structure is shown in fig1.
1149
1150
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
Fig1.T he hierarchical structure
2.2. Tectonic binary comparison of judgment matrix After calculate characteristic root and weight of judgment matrix: A-B, B1-C, B2-C and B3-C, we also pass the consistency inspection. The results are shown in table1. Table1 Rule laye r
B1
B2
B3
0.2648
0.0796
0.6555
Inde x laye r
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Index we ight 0.2648 0.0796
0.6555 0.0622
0.2671
0.5628 0.1079 0.539 0.2973 0.1638 0.0418 0.0702
Total we ights 0.0165 0.0707
0.149
0.0429
0.0237 0.013 0.0274 0.046 0.1866 0.3211 0.0745
0.0286
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11 C12
The results show that book circulat ion rate is the most important index, its proportion is 0.3211. The secondary important index is collect ion utilizat ion with proportion of 0.1866. Scientific research function also has the proportion of 0.1490 and reader number’s proportion is 0.0745. 2.3. Result and analysis Fro m the total weights, we can find that four indexes including book circu lation rate, collection utilizat ion, and scientific research function and reader number are the key indexes which take the 73.12% of the total weights. It shows that these four indexes are really very important to efficiency imp roving. Trough analysis we also find that they also has practical significance. Book circulation rate is a comprehensive indicator which can not only evaluate library’s co mprehensive quality correctly but also reflect one library’s quality of service. High circulat ion rate means high collection utilization, more readers and big in fluence to help people improve their abilities of research and study. The higher book circulat ion the higher level of co llege’s co mp rehensive quality and research level will be and it is also good for college to improve its visibility. Collection utilizat ion is another useful index because it can reflect how well university develops in some particu lar area. Take an examp le, if the economic collection utilizat ion is high in one lib rary, it shows that this area in university develops quickly. Scientific research function and reader number are also affect the library’s benefit in the same way. Library is considered as a knowledge material reserve center and it is also considered as a main channel for scientific research institutions to gain knowledge and information. Library p lays an improving role for scientific research; it is the main reason why college should vigorously develop libraries. These four indexes are also the four main functions of a lib rary, so it has strong realistic significance to apply AHP to evaluate the lib rary’s benefit. 3. Tianjin university library benefit evaluation at present based on GEM model. 3.1. GEM model introduction GEM model co mes fro m Poter’s ‘Diamond Model’ and it is main ly used in the benefit or co mpetit ive ability evaluation in corporation and market. Its principle is: first, confirm six main factors (3 couples) which are resources and facilities, supplier's related au xiliary industry and the main structure, strategy and competition, the local market and external markets ; second, give six factors assignments with the score of
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
1 to 10; third, calcu late every couple’s score and get average; finally, solve the linear score. The expression is 3
GEM
2.5 ( D2i 1 D2i )2/3 , i 1
and 250 means the level of average, 1000 is the highest score. 3.2. The application of GEM model on Tianjin university library benefit evaluation Based on the AHP model, we have already got the score of every index. So we just need to classify these indexes and make some conversion in order to eliminate the effect of subjective factor. After calcu lation we get that the score of GEM model on Tianjin university library benefit evaluation is 123.37. This score doesn’t reach the average score which is 250. It also shows that Tianjin university lib rary benefit is not good, there are many aspects to been imp roved for Tian jin university library and it also has the potential. Such condition is the actual situation which warns us to pay more attention on it. This level of Tianjin university library benefit doesn’t match the requirements of higher education and the national literacy improved. What we need to do now is not only try to improve the h igh weight indexes like book circulation rate and collection utilizat ion but also pay more attention to those low weight indexes such as publicity and emp loyee wages. It can be rapid response to improved weak links. In the actual conditions, there is no lib rary has a high reputation and many libraries are used as logistic guarantees to support daily research and study. Strengthen administrative measures and increase the investment of some library is feasible to enhance the publicity, and it will imp rove the whole library’s benefit too. The score of emp loyee wages index is only 0.013 and it is true that the level of employee wages doesn’t match the level o f libraries ’ developing. Emp loyee wages is another aspect to get rapid response because the level of wages is the most important factor to imp rove staff work enthusiasm and the service quality will be better with wages increased. 4. Results It is necessary for library’s healthy and continual develop ment to build a scientific index system of university library benefit evaluation. This paper describes the principal factors which is need to be considered of the build of Un iversity Library in Tian jin through the structure of Social, econo mic , service benefits, and the other 12 Level 3 indicators which are relate to them. We make a preliminary analysis after consistency inspection and pick four important indexes. Then we apply GEM model to evaluate Tianjin university library benefit at present, point out the weak links and indexes need to been priority developed. We provide important reference opinions to comprehensive benefit evaluation of university library.
References
1151
1152
Hou Xiaomei / Energy Procedia 5 (2011) 1148–1152
[1] T an Yuejin, Quantitative analysis method[M]. Renmin university of China publishing house, 2003 [2] Chen Jianfen, Build the index system of libraries’ compressive benefit evaluation. China Econnmist, 2005 ˈ(7)˖252-253. [3] Sun Xiaoya, University library supplier evaluation based on AHP and fuzzy evaluation, Modern Information, 2007ˈ(8)˖ 149-151. [4] CHEN Ru-yun; FU Bao-long, Application of AHP in Co llege Library Informat ion Management Level Evaluation, Science T echnology and Engineering, 2007ˈ7(17)˖4425-4432. [5] Yang Na, Human resource evaluation based on AHP, Chinese management and informationization, 10(10) ˖49-51. [6] Bao Guoxian, Ren Shike, Enterprise technology innovation risk assessment and decision-making based on FAHP, Science and T echnology Management Research, 2010ˈ1.˖1-3 [7] LI Wen-huaGUO Jun-peng, Interval Weights and Consistency Check of Judgment Matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Systems Engineering-Theory Methodology Application, 2004ˈ12: 531-542. [8] Su Weihua, Multi-index synthetic evaluation theory and method problem research, 84-100 [9] GONG Jing-hui; JI Cheng-jun; ZOU Hui-yuan, The Study on the Liaoning Magesia Material Industry Clusters Competitiveness by the GEM Model, Science T echnology and Industry, 2007,(11) . [10]Graham Hooley, John Fahy, Tony Cox,et al. Marketing capabilities and firm performance: a hierarchical model [J]. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 1999,4( 3 ): 259-278. [11] Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh. The unified software develoment process [M]. BeiJin g:China Machine Press,2002.112.