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Research progress on fibrous carbon materials as anode materials for lithium ion batteries
CARBON
8 6 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 3 7 1 –3 7 4
Available at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbon
New Carbon Materials Abstracts 2015(1) Research progress on fibrous carbon materials as anode
current status of DCFC fuels, with an emphasis on the impact
materials for lithium ion batteries
of different carbonaceous materials, such as graphite, coal, acti-
Ding Nan, Zheng-hong Huang, Fei-yu Kang, Wan-ci Shen
vated carbon, solid waste, and coke on DCFC performance. We
The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Fibrous carbon materials have a variety of dimensions and structures. However, these materials were earlier restricted for use as anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their cost and performance. With the development of nanotechnology, some modified and new forms of carbon fibers have emerged, which show good performance as anode materials. This paper reviews recent domestic and foreign research progress on fibrous carbon materials as anode materials. The electrochemical performance and prospective use of graphite fibers, carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers for this purpose are summarized. Research
also systematically analyze the relation between the electrochemical reaction activity of the fuels and their characteristics. For carbonaceous fuels, defects in the crystal structure and surface oxygen functional groups can promote the anodic electrochemical reaction, and their wettability by the electrolyte. Their pore structure, conductivity and particle size can affect mass transfer and charge transfer in the anodic electrochemical reaction. We discuss the function of anodic catalysts in the DCFC, which accelerate the conversion of carbon from solid to gas and improve the anodic electrochemical reaction rate. Based on current research on DCFC fuels, we forecast development trends and key issues relating to DCFC fuels. [New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 12–18] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.003
has ranged from non-graphitized to graphitized carbon fibers, from micron to nanometer diameter, and has focused on the
Transformation of carbon black into carbon nano-beads and
parameters of their preparation to the design of their microstruc-
nanotubes: The effect of catalysts
ture. Fibrous carbon materials are likely to be important alterna-
Vijayshankar Asokan, Dorte Nørgaard Madsen, Pawel Kosinski,
tives for carbon anode materials in the future based on their high
Velaug Myrseth
capacity, high rate capability, low cost and ease of industrialization. [New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 1–11] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.002
The University of Bergen, Department of Physics and Technology, Alle´gaten 55, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
Structural transformation of carbon black (CB) into carbon nano-beads and nanotubes was achieved at 1000 °C using ferro-
Fuels for direct carbon fuel cells: Present status and development prospects Guo-yang Liua, Ya-ting Zhanga, Jiang-tao Caia, Xiao-qian Zhanga, Jie-shan Qiub a
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of
cene and nickelocene as catalyst precursors using a simple and single step chemical vapor deposition method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that different morphological and high quality nano carbon structures were obtained using different weight ratios of catalyst to precursor. The use of bimetallic catalysts pro-
Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
vides many different morphologies and a higher degree of crystal
b
State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy
order of the carbon nanostructures than the use of mono-metallic
Materials & Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology,
catalysts. The nanotubes were mostly filled with metal nanopar-
Dalian 116024, China
ticles and the degree of metal-filling is dependent on the weight ratio of catalyst precursor to CB. Metal–filled multi-walled carbon
The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) has been considered an effi-
nano-bead structures with a high degree of crystalline order are
cient way to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollu-
also obtained at weight ratios of CB:ferrocene:nickelocene of
tion issues, owing to its high energy conversion efficiency, low
1:2:2.
pollution, and abundant and readily available resources, but its
[New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 19–29]
performance is closely related to the fuel used. We give a brief introduction to the development of DCFCs and a review of the
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(15)00087-1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.004
8 6 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 3 7 1 –3 7 4
Available at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/carbon
New Carbon Materials Abstracts 2015(1) Research progress on fibrous carbon materials as anode
current status of DCFC fuels, with an emphasis on the impact
materials for lithium ion batteries
of different carbonaceous materials, such as graphite, coal, acti-
Ding Nan, Zheng-hong Huang, Fei-yu Kang, Wan-ci Shen
vated carbon, solid waste, and coke on DCFC performance. We
The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Fibrous carbon materials have a variety of dimensions and structures. However, these materials were earlier restricted for use as anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to their cost and performance. With the development of nanotechnology, some modified and new forms of carbon fibers have emerged, which show good performance as anode materials. This paper reviews recent domestic and foreign research progress on fibrous carbon materials as anode materials. The electrochemical performance and prospective use of graphite fibers, carbon fibers and carbon nanofibers for this purpose are summarized. Research
also systematically analyze the relation between the electrochemical reaction activity of the fuels and their characteristics. For carbonaceous fuels, defects in the crystal structure and surface oxygen functional groups can promote the anodic electrochemical reaction, and their wettability by the electrolyte. Their pore structure, conductivity and particle size can affect mass transfer and charge transfer in the anodic electrochemical reaction. We discuss the function of anodic catalysts in the DCFC, which accelerate the conversion of carbon from solid to gas and improve the anodic electrochemical reaction rate. Based on current research on DCFC fuels, we forecast development trends and key issues relating to DCFC fuels. [New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 12–18] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.003
has ranged from non-graphitized to graphitized carbon fibers, from micron to nanometer diameter, and has focused on the
Transformation of carbon black into carbon nano-beads and
parameters of their preparation to the design of their microstruc-
nanotubes: The effect of catalysts
ture. Fibrous carbon materials are likely to be important alterna-
Vijayshankar Asokan, Dorte Nørgaard Madsen, Pawel Kosinski,
tives for carbon anode materials in the future based on their high
Velaug Myrseth
capacity, high rate capability, low cost and ease of industrialization. [New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 1–11] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.002
The University of Bergen, Department of Physics and Technology, Alle´gaten 55, NO-5007 Bergen, Norway
Structural transformation of carbon black (CB) into carbon nano-beads and nanotubes was achieved at 1000 °C using ferro-
Fuels for direct carbon fuel cells: Present status and development prospects Guo-yang Liua, Ya-ting Zhanga, Jiang-tao Caia, Xiao-qian Zhanga, Jie-shan Qiub a
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of
cene and nickelocene as catalyst precursors using a simple and single step chemical vapor deposition method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that different morphological and high quality nano carbon structures were obtained using different weight ratios of catalyst to precursor. The use of bimetallic catalysts pro-
Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
vides many different morphologies and a higher degree of crystal
b
State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Energy
order of the carbon nanostructures than the use of mono-metallic
Materials & Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology,
catalysts. The nanotubes were mostly filled with metal nanopar-
Dalian 116024, China
ticles and the degree of metal-filling is dependent on the weight ratio of catalyst precursor to CB. Metal–filled multi-walled carbon
The direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) has been considered an effi-
nano-bead structures with a high degree of crystalline order are
cient way to mitigate the energy crisis and environmental pollu-
also obtained at weight ratios of CB:ferrocene:nickelocene of
tion issues, owing to its high energy conversion efficiency, low
1:2:2.
pollution, and abundant and readily available resources, but its
[New Carbon Materials 2015, 30(1): 19–29]
performance is closely related to the fuel used. We give a brief introduction to the development of DCFCs and a review of the
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(15)00087-1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.004