- Email: [email protected]
Residue reviews. Residues of pesticides and other contaminants in the total environment
Fd Cosmet. Toxicol. Vol. 13, pp. 567-569. Pergamon Press 1975. Printed in Great Britain
BOOK REVIEWS Residue Reviews. Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Vol. 50. .Edited by F. A. Gunther. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974. pp. xi + 179. $20.00. Nowadays the simultaneous or sequential application of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and/or growth regulators to crops is a common agricultural practice. Problems that may be associated with this procedure are comprehensively reviewed in a chapter included in this volume of Residue Reviews. The review is concerned with the interaction of chemicals that, when applied in combination, elicit responses not predictable from the effect of each chemical applied singly. For example, several classes of herbicides may interact with organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Frequently, increased toxicity results, although in some cases, such as the trifluralinorganophosphate interaction, antagonism occurs. It is deduced that the basis for herbicide-insecticide interaction is frequently related to alteration of the absorption or metabolism of one compound by the other. The review documents sufficient reports of pesticide interactions in plants to indicate that such interactions may be frequent contributors to the unpredictability of herbicidal effects. It warns that caution must be exercised in combining herbicides with insecticides and fungicides where the compounds have a potential for interaction. Crop injury could result, although on the other hand certain combinations at low application rates might produce the desired level of control with no crop injury and with less potential for residue accumulation in the soil. The first part of a review on the analysis of pesticides by the thin-layer chromatographic-enzyme inhibition technique (TLC-EI) was published in a previous volume in this series (Cited in F.C.T. 1973, 11, 1111). Part II has now made its appearance. This deals primarily with the application of TLC-EI to the analysis of pesticide residues and metabolites, but it also considers papers dealing with TLC-EI analysis of heavy metals, phosphatase inhibitors, chlorinated benzenes and phenolic compounds. An alphabetical list of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides serves as a quick reference for the compounds that have been analysed by TLC-EI techniques and are mentioned in the review. Last, but by no means least, Volume 50 contains various indexes. These include a cumulative subject index and a cumulative author index for Volumes 4150 and a list identifying by their short titles all the papers published in each of Volumes 1 50.
titis and can't quite remember. The opening chapters briefly summarize the properties of the skin and the different types of reaction that can occur. Chapter 5 is a competent listing of the commonest contact allergens (sensitizers) and indicates where they are most likely to be encountered. In chapter 6, reactions to ingested allergens are dispatched in 15 lines. This seems a little terse, particularly as that popular example, tartrazine, has escaped mention. Further chapters cover irritant contact dermatitis and its commoner causative factors, and phototoxic and photoallergic contact dermatitis. A thorough description of the principles of patch testing, and guidelines on the detection of the cause of an allergy are given, and the book closes with short chapters on the prevention and treatment of dermatitis and the rehabilitation of dermatitis sufferers. The text is well indexed and the layout is clear, but only a few general references are given. More thorough referencing would have been valuable, particularly as the book is said to be intended mainly for dermatologists who are not specialists in contact dematitis and as a guide for use in postgraduate training in dermatology. The author has provided a ready handbook for those who need to check certain aspects of dermatitis diagnosis, but there are places where brevity and consequent oversimplification may be misleading. For example, it seems rash to say: "Thioglycolates in permanent waving solutions are not sensitising', even though cases of sensitization are extremely rare. Perhaps in a second edition the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group could expand on what is essentially a very good idea. Mycotoxins. Edited by I. F. H. Purchase. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1974. pp. xiii + 443. $44.25.
Mycotoxins have been a growth area of research since aflatoxin was discovered in the early 1960s. As Dr. Purchase points out in his introduction, the proliferation of literature in this area is ever-increasing and highly complex, and a book this size cannot hope to cover all aspects of mycotoxicology. However, the 20 chapters range over a wide spectrum of fungal toxins, providing a comprehensive review of the data on some of the more common ones. Among those covered are aflatoxins, rubratoxins, ochratoxins, sporidesmin, trichothecenes and the range of diseases in which they are implicated, citreoviridin, luteoskyrin, slaframine, patulin, ipomeamarone and ergot, which Manual of Contact Dermatitis. By S. Fregert, on was perhaps the first recognized mycotoxin. Although most of the diseases attributed to fungal behalf of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1974. pp. infection of foodstuffs have been observed in animals, the risks to man from individual toxins have been 107. Dan. Kr. 48.00. assessed wherever possible. Descriptions are given of At best, this little book is a concise summary of the identification of toxins responsible for various diswhat everyone needs to know about contact derma- eases, including turkey X disease associated with afla567
BOOK REVIEWS Residue Reviews. Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment. Vol. 50. .Edited by F. A. Gunther. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974. pp. xi + 179. $20.00. Nowadays the simultaneous or sequential application of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and/or growth regulators to crops is a common agricultural practice. Problems that may be associated with this procedure are comprehensively reviewed in a chapter included in this volume of Residue Reviews. The review is concerned with the interaction of chemicals that, when applied in combination, elicit responses not predictable from the effect of each chemical applied singly. For example, several classes of herbicides may interact with organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Frequently, increased toxicity results, although in some cases, such as the trifluralinorganophosphate interaction, antagonism occurs. It is deduced that the basis for herbicide-insecticide interaction is frequently related to alteration of the absorption or metabolism of one compound by the other. The review documents sufficient reports of pesticide interactions in plants to indicate that such interactions may be frequent contributors to the unpredictability of herbicidal effects. It warns that caution must be exercised in combining herbicides with insecticides and fungicides where the compounds have a potential for interaction. Crop injury could result, although on the other hand certain combinations at low application rates might produce the desired level of control with no crop injury and with less potential for residue accumulation in the soil. The first part of a review on the analysis of pesticides by the thin-layer chromatographic-enzyme inhibition technique (TLC-EI) was published in a previous volume in this series (Cited in F.C.T. 1973, 11, 1111). Part II has now made its appearance. This deals primarily with the application of TLC-EI to the analysis of pesticide residues and metabolites, but it also considers papers dealing with TLC-EI analysis of heavy metals, phosphatase inhibitors, chlorinated benzenes and phenolic compounds. An alphabetical list of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides serves as a quick reference for the compounds that have been analysed by TLC-EI techniques and are mentioned in the review. Last, but by no means least, Volume 50 contains various indexes. These include a cumulative subject index and a cumulative author index for Volumes 4150 and a list identifying by their short titles all the papers published in each of Volumes 1 50.
titis and can't quite remember. The opening chapters briefly summarize the properties of the skin and the different types of reaction that can occur. Chapter 5 is a competent listing of the commonest contact allergens (sensitizers) and indicates where they are most likely to be encountered. In chapter 6, reactions to ingested allergens are dispatched in 15 lines. This seems a little terse, particularly as that popular example, tartrazine, has escaped mention. Further chapters cover irritant contact dermatitis and its commoner causative factors, and phototoxic and photoallergic contact dermatitis. A thorough description of the principles of patch testing, and guidelines on the detection of the cause of an allergy are given, and the book closes with short chapters on the prevention and treatment of dermatitis and the rehabilitation of dermatitis sufferers. The text is well indexed and the layout is clear, but only a few general references are given. More thorough referencing would have been valuable, particularly as the book is said to be intended mainly for dermatologists who are not specialists in contact dematitis and as a guide for use in postgraduate training in dermatology. The author has provided a ready handbook for those who need to check certain aspects of dermatitis diagnosis, but there are places where brevity and consequent oversimplification may be misleading. For example, it seems rash to say: "Thioglycolates in permanent waving solutions are not sensitising', even though cases of sensitization are extremely rare. Perhaps in a second edition the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group could expand on what is essentially a very good idea. Mycotoxins. Edited by I. F. H. Purchase. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1974. pp. xiii + 443. $44.25.
Mycotoxins have been a growth area of research since aflatoxin was discovered in the early 1960s. As Dr. Purchase points out in his introduction, the proliferation of literature in this area is ever-increasing and highly complex, and a book this size cannot hope to cover all aspects of mycotoxicology. However, the 20 chapters range over a wide spectrum of fungal toxins, providing a comprehensive review of the data on some of the more common ones. Among those covered are aflatoxins, rubratoxins, ochratoxins, sporidesmin, trichothecenes and the range of diseases in which they are implicated, citreoviridin, luteoskyrin, slaframine, patulin, ipomeamarone and ergot, which Manual of Contact Dermatitis. By S. Fregert, on was perhaps the first recognized mycotoxin. Although most of the diseases attributed to fungal behalf of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1974. pp. infection of foodstuffs have been observed in animals, the risks to man from individual toxins have been 107. Dan. Kr. 48.00. assessed wherever possible. Descriptions are given of At best, this little book is a concise summary of the identification of toxins responsible for various diswhat everyone needs to know about contact derma- eases, including turkey X disease associated with afla567